diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/AUTHORS b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/AUTHORS
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7bae8ab94e1a2b05c0fe3f81f7897dfc114af773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/AUTHORS
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+phpseclib Lead Developer:  TerraFrost (Jim Wigginton)
+
+phpseclib Developers:      monnerat (Patrick Monnerat)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/LICENSE b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ecd9b9bec11f7587fd76974810a90bb7faad537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+Copyright 2007-2012 TerraFrost and other contributors
+http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/README.md b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbd58bd82b1f2c1b3cc25c13994359c12325e56c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# phpseclib - PHP Secure Communications Library
+
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/phpseclib/phpseclib.png?branch=master)](http://travis-ci.org/phpseclib/phpseclib)
+
+MIT-licensed pure-PHP implementations of an arbitrary-precision integer
+arithmetic library, fully PKCS#1 (v2.1) compliant RSA, DES, 3DES, RC4, Rijndael,
+AES, SSH-1, SSH-2, SFTP, and X.509
+
+* [Download (0.3.1)](http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpseclib/files/phpseclib0.3.1.zip/download)
+* [Browse Git](https://github.com/phpseclib/phpseclib)
+* [Documentation](http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/)
+* [Support](http://www.frostjedi.com/phpbb/viewforum.php?f=46)
+* [Code Coverage Report](http://phpseclib.bantux.org/code_coverage/latest/)
+
+<img src="http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/pear-icon.png" alt="PEAR Channel" width="16" height="16">
+PEAR Channel: [phpseclib.sourceforge.net](http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/pear.htm)
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/composer.json b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..11008cd81d1279b744b109df6bb094bb3d6d75e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+{
+    "name": "phpseclib/phpseclib",
+    "type": "library",
+    "description": "PHP Secure Communications Library - Pure-PHP implementations of RSA, AES, SSH2, SFTP, X.509 etc.",
+    "keywords": [
+        "security",
+        "crypto",
+        "cryptography",
+        "encryption",
+        "signature",
+        "signing",
+        "rsa",
+        "aes",
+        "ssh",
+        "sftp",
+        "x509",
+        "x.509",
+        "asn1",
+        "asn.1",
+        "BigInteger"
+        ],
+    "homepage": "http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net",
+    "license": "MIT",
+    "authors": [
+        {
+            "name": "Jim Wigginton",
+            "email": "terrafrost@php.net",
+            "role": "Developer"
+        }
+    ],
+    "require": {
+        "php": ">=5.0.0"
+    },
+    "suggest": {
+        "ext-mcrypt": "Install the Mcrypt extension in order to speed up a wide variety of cryptographic operations.",
+        "ext-gmp": "Install the GMP (GNU Multiple Precision) extension in order to speed up arbitrary precision integer arithmetic operations.",
+        "pear-pear/PHP_Compat": "Install PHP_Compat to get phpseclib working on PHP >= 4.3.3." 
+    },
+    "include-path": ["phpseclib/"],
+    "autoload": {
+        "psr-0": {
+            "Crypt": "phpseclib/",
+            "File": "phpseclib/",
+            "Math": "phpseclib/",
+            "Net": "phpseclib/"
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc05adf67a710925749176d6c1c2a595a9c4f274
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/AES.php
@@ -0,0 +1,946 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of AES.
+ *
+ * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * If {@link Crypt_AES::setKeyLength() setKeyLength()} isn't called, it'll be calculated from
+ * {@link Crypt_AES::setKey() setKey()}.  ie. if the key is 128-bits, the key length will be 128-bits.  If it's 136-bits
+ * it'll be null-padded to 160-bits and 160 bits will be the key length until {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKey() setKey()}
+ * is called, again, at which point, it'll be recalculated.
+ *
+ * Since Crypt_AES extends Crypt_Rijndael, some functions are available to be called that, in the context of AES, don't
+ * make a whole lot of sense.  {@link Crypt_AES::setBlockLength() setBlockLength()}, for instance.  Calling that function,
+ * however possible, won't do anything (AES has a fixed block length whereas Rijndael has a variable one).
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/AES.php');
+ *
+ *    $aes = new Crypt_AES();
+ *
+ *    $aes->setKey('abcdefghijklmnop');
+ *
+ *    $size = 10 * 1024;
+ *    $plaintext = '';
+ *    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+ *        $plaintext.= 'a';
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $aes->decrypt($aes->encrypt($plaintext));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_AES
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVIII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: AES.php,v 1.7 2010/02/09 06:10:25 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Rijndael
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_Rijndael')) {
+    require_once 'Rijndael.php';
+}
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_AES::encrypt()
+ * @see Crypt_AES::decrypt()
+ */
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
+ *
+ * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR', -1);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB', 1);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC', 2);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_CFB', 3);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_OFB', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_AES::Crypt_AES()
+ */
+/**
+ * Toggles the internal implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of AES.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_AES
+ */
+class Crypt_AES extends Crypt_Rijndael {
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for encryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::encrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enmcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for decryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $demcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for CFB mode
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::encrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_AES::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ecb;
+
+    /**
+     * The SubByte S-Box
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::_encryptBlock()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access intern
+     */
+    var $sbox = array(
+        0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
+        0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
+        0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
+        0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
+        0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
+        0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
+        0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
+        0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
+        0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
+        0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
+        0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
+        0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
+        0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
+        0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
+        0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
+        0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * The inverse SubByte S-Box
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::_decryptBlock()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access intern
+     */
+    var $isbox = array(
+        0x52, 0x09, 0x6A, 0xD5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xA5, 0x38, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x81, 0xF3, 0xD7, 0xFB,
+        0x7C, 0xE3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9B, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8E, 0x43, 0x44, 0xC4, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0xCB,
+        0x54, 0x7B, 0x94, 0x32, 0xA6, 0xC2, 0x23, 0x3D, 0xEE, 0x4C, 0x95, 0x0B, 0x42, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0x4E,
+        0x08, 0x2E, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x76, 0x5B, 0xA2, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x25,
+        0x72, 0xF8, 0xF6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xD4, 0xA4, 0x5C, 0xCC, 0x5D, 0x65, 0xB6, 0x92,
+        0x6C, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xFD, 0xED, 0xB9, 0xDA, 0x5E, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xA7, 0x8D, 0x9D, 0x84,
+        0x90, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x8C, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x0A, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xB8, 0xB3, 0x45, 0x06,
+        0xD0, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x8F, 0xCA, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x02, 0xC1, 0xAF, 0xBD, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8A, 0x6B,
+        0x3A, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4F, 0x67, 0xDC, 0xEA, 0x97, 0xF2, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0xF0, 0xB4, 0xE6, 0x73,
+        0x96, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x22, 0xE7, 0xAD, 0x35, 0x85, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x37, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x75, 0xDF, 0x6E,
+        0x47, 0xF1, 0x1A, 0x71, 0x1D, 0x29, 0xC5, 0x89, 0x6F, 0xB7, 0x62, 0x0E, 0xAA, 0x18, 0xBE, 0x1B,
+        0xFC, 0x56, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC6, 0xD2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9A, 0xDB, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x78, 0xCD, 0x5A, 0xF4,
+        0x1F, 0xDD, 0xA8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xEC, 0x5F,
+        0x60, 0x51, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x19, 0xB5, 0x4A, 0x0D, 0x2D, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x9F, 0x93, 0xC9, 0x9C, 0xEF,
+        0xA0, 0xE0, 0x3B, 0x4D, 0xAE, 0x2A, 0xF5, 0xB0, 0xC8, 0xEB, 0xBB, 0x3C, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
+        0x17, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x7E, 0xBA, 0x77, 0xD6, 0x26, 0xE1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0C, 0x7D
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.  $mode should only, at present, be
+     * CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB or CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC.  If not explictly set, CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @return Crypt_AES
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_AES($mode = CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC)
+    {
+        if ( !defined('CRYPT_AES_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('mcrypt') && in_array('rijndael-128', mcrypt_list_algorithms()):
+                    define('CRYPT_AES_MODE', CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_AES_MODE', CRYPT_AES_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch ( CRYPT_AES_MODE ) {
+            case CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT:
+                switch ($mode) {
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR:
+                        // ctr doesn't have a constant associated with it even though it appears to be fairly widely
+                        // supported.  in lieu of knowing just how widely supported it is, i've, for now, opted not to
+                        // include a compatibility layer.  the layer has been implemented but, for now, is commented out.
+                        $this->mode = 'ctr';
+                        //$this->mode = in_array('ctr', mcrypt_list_modes()) ? 'ctr' : CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_CFB:
+                        $this->mode = 'ncfb';
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_OFB:
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_NOFB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC:
+                    default:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($mode) {
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_ECB:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR:
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_CFB:
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_OFB:
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_AES_MODE_CBC:
+                    default:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC;
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (CRYPT_AES_MODE == CRYPT_AES_MODE_INTERNAL) {
+            parent::Crypt_Rijndael($this->mode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Extended Crypt_Rijndael::_setup() 
+     *
+     * Optimizing the key schedule arrays ($w, $dw) for _encryptBlock() and _decryptBlock() after Crypt_Rijndael::_setup()
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_setup()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _setup() 
+    {
+        if (!$this->changed) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->w = $this->dw = array();
+        parent::_setup();
+
+        $this->dw = array_reverse($this->dw);
+        $w  = array_pop($this->w);
+        $dw = array_pop($this->dw);
+        foreach ($this->w as $r => $wr) {
+            foreach ($wr as $c => $wc) {
+                $w[]  = $wc;
+                $dw[] = $this->dw[$r][$c];
+            }
+        }
+        $this->w  = $w;
+        $this->dw = $dw;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dummy function
+     *
+     * Since Crypt_AES extends Crypt_Rijndael, this function is, technically, available, but it doesn't do anything.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $length
+     */
+    function setBlockLength($length)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the initialization vector. (optional)
+     *
+     * SetIV is not required when CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB is being used.  If not explictly set, it'll be assumed
+     * to be all zero's.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function setIV($iv)
+    {
+        parent::setIV($iv);
+        if ( CRYPT_AES_MODE == CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            $this->changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a message.
+     *
+     * $plaintext will be padded with up to 16 additional bytes.  Other AES implementations may or may not pad in the
+     * same manner.  Other common approaches to padding and the reasons why it's necessary are discussed in the following
+     * URL:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptopad.html http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptopad.html}
+     *
+     * An alternative to padding is to, separately, send the length of the file.  This is what SSH, in fact, does.
+     * strlen($plaintext) will still need to be a multiple of 16, however, arbitrary values can be added to make it that
+     * length.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::decrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        if ( CRYPT_AES_MODE == CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            $this->_mcryptSetup();
+
+            // re: http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net/cfb-demo.phps
+            // using mcrypt's default handing of CFB the above would output two different things.  using phpseclib's
+            // rewritten CFB implementation the above outputs the same thing twice.
+            if ($this->mode == 'ncfb' && $this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
+                $pos = &$this->enbuffer['pos'];
+                $len = strlen($plaintext);
+                $ciphertext = '';
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 16 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $ciphertext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $plaintext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $ciphertext, $orig_pos, $i);
+                    $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = true;
+                }
+                if ($len >= 16) {
+                    if ($this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] === false || $len > 280) {
+                        if ($this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] === true) {
+                            mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $iv);
+                            $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = false;
+                        }
+                        $ciphertext.= mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, substr($plaintext, $i, $len - $len % 16));
+                        $iv = substr($ciphertext, -16);
+                        $len%= 16;
+                    } else {
+                        while ($len >= 16) {
+                            $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv) ^ substr($plaintext, $i, 16);
+                            $ciphertext.= $iv;
+                            $len-= 16;
+                            $i+= 16;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv);
+                    $block = $iv ^ substr($plaintext, -$len);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $block, 0, $len);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+
+                return $ciphertext;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->paddable) {
+                $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
+            }
+
+            $ciphertext = mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, $plaintext);
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->iv);
+            }
+
+            return $ciphertext;
+        }
+
+        return parent::encrypt($plaintext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * If strlen($ciphertext) is not a multiple of 16, null bytes will be added to the end of the string until it is.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_AES::encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $ciphertext
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        if ( CRYPT_AES_MODE == CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            $this->_mcryptSetup();
+
+            if ($this->mode == 'ncfb' && $this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
+                $pos = &$this->debuffer['pos'];
+                $len = strlen($ciphertext);
+                $plaintext = '';
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 16 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    // ie. $i = min($max, $len), $len-= $i, $pos+= $i, $pos%= $blocksize
+                    $plaintext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $ciphertext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, 0, $i), $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                if ($len >= 16) {
+                    $cb = substr($ciphertext, $i, $len - $len % 16);
+                    $plaintext.= mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv . $cb) ^ $cb;
+                    $iv = substr($cb, -16);
+                    $len%= 16;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ substr($ciphertext, -$len);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, -$len), 0, $len);
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+
+                return $plaintext;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->paddable) {
+                // we pad with chr(0) since that's what mcrypt_generic does.  to quote from http://php.net/function.mcrypt-generic :
+                // "The data is padded with "\0" to make sure the length of the data is n * blocksize."
+                $ciphertext = str_pad($ciphertext, (strlen($ciphertext) + 15) & 0xFFFFFFF0, chr(0));
+            }
+
+            $plaintext = mdecrypt_generic($this->demcrypt, $ciphertext);
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->iv);
+            }
+
+            return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+        }
+
+        return parent::decrypt($ciphertext);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Setup mcrypt
+     *
+     * Validates all the variables.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mcryptSetup()
+    {
+        if (!$this->changed) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->explicit_key_length) {
+            // this just copied from Crypt_Rijndael::_setup()
+            $length = strlen($this->key) >> 2;
+            if ($length > 8) {
+                $length = 8;
+            } else if ($length < 4) {
+                $length = 4;
+            }
+            $this->Nk = $length;
+            $this->key_size = $length << 2;
+        }
+
+        switch ($this->Nk) {
+            case 4: // 128
+                $this->key_size = 16;
+                break;
+            case 5: // 160
+            case 6: // 192
+                $this->key_size = 24;
+                break;
+            case 7: // 224
+            case 8: // 256
+                $this->key_size = 32;
+        }
+
+        $this->key = str_pad(substr($this->key, 0, $this->key_size), $this->key_size, chr(0));
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = $this->iv = str_pad(substr($this->iv, 0, 16), 16, chr(0));
+
+        if (!isset($this->enmcrypt)) {
+            $mode = $this->mode;
+            //$mode = $this->mode == CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR ? MCRYPT_MODE_ECB : $this->mode;
+
+            $this->demcrypt = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, '', $mode, '');
+            $this->enmcrypt = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, '', $mode, '');
+
+            if ($mode == 'ncfb') {
+                $this->ecb = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_RIJNDAEL_128, '', MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, '');
+            }
+
+        } // else should mcrypt_generic_deinit be called?
+
+        mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->iv);
+        mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->iv);
+
+        if ($this->mode == 'ncfb') {
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->ecb, $this->key, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+        }
+
+        $this->changed = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a block
+     *
+     * Optimized over Crypt_Rijndael's implementation by means of loop unrolling.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_encryptBlock()
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $in
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _encryptBlock($in)
+    {
+        $state = unpack('N*', $in);
+
+        $sbox = $this->sbox;
+        $w  = $this->w;
+        $t0 = $this->t0;
+        $t1 = $this->t1;
+        $t2 = $this->t2;
+        $t3 = $this->t3;
+
+        // addRoundKey
+        $s0 = $state[1] ^ $w[4];
+        $s1 = $state[2] ^ $w[5];
+        $s2 = $state[3] ^ $w[6];
+        $s3 = $state[4] ^ $w[7];
+
+        // shiftRows + subWord + mixColumns + addRoundKey
+        $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[8];
+        $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[9];
+        $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[10];
+        $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[11];
+
+        $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[12];
+        $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[13];
+        $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[14];
+        $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[15];
+
+        $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[16];
+        $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[17];
+        $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[18];
+        $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[19];
+
+        $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[20];
+        $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[21];
+        $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[22];
+        $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[23];
+
+        $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[24];
+        $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[25];
+        $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[26];
+        $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[27];
+
+        $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[28];
+        $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[29];
+        $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[30];
+        $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[31];
+
+        $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[32];
+        $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[33];
+        $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[34];
+        $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[35];
+
+        $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[36];
+        $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[37];
+        $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[38];
+        $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[39];
+
+        $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[40];
+        $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[41];
+        $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[42];
+        $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[43];
+
+        switch ($this->Nr) {
+            case 10:
+                break;
+
+            case 14:
+                $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[44];
+                $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[45];
+                $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[46];
+                $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[47];
+
+                $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[48];
+                $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[49];
+                $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[50];
+                $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[51];
+
+                $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[52];
+                $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[53];
+                $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[54];
+                $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[55];
+
+                $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[56];
+                $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[57];
+                $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[58];
+                $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[59];
+                break;
+
+            case 12:
+                $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[44];
+                $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[45];
+                $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[46];
+                $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[47];
+
+                $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[48];
+                $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[49];
+                $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[50];
+                $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[51];
+                break;
+
+            case 13:
+                $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[44];
+                $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[45];
+                $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[46];
+                $s3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[47];
+
+                $e0 = $t0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $w[48];
+                $e1 = $t0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $w[49];
+                $e2 = $t0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $w[50];
+                $e3 = $t0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $w[51];
+
+                $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[52];
+                $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[53];
+                $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[54];
+                $e3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[55];
+                // Note: Here we skip $s3 but using $e3
+
+                $e0 = $s0;
+                $e1 = $s1;
+                $e2 = $s2;
+                // $e3 = $s3;
+                break;
+
+            default: // 11
+                $s0 = $t0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $w[44];
+                $s1 = $t0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $w[45];
+                $s2 = $t0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $w[46];
+                $e3 = $t0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $t1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $t2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $t3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $w[47];
+                // Note: Here we skip $s3 but using $e3
+
+                $e0 = $s0;
+                $e1 = $s1;
+                $e2 = $s2;
+                // $e3 = $s3;
+        }
+
+        // subWord
+        $e0 = $sbox[$e0 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+        $e1 = $sbox[$e1 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+        $e2 = $sbox[$e2 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+        $e3 = $sbox[$e3 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+
+        // shiftRows + addRoundKey
+        return pack('N*',
+            ($e0 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e1 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e2 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e3 & 0x000000FF) ^ $w[0],
+            ($e1 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e2 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e3 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e0 & 0x000000FF) ^ $w[1],
+            ($e2 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e3 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e0 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e1 & 0x000000FF) ^ $w[2],
+            ($e3 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e0 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e1 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e2 & 0x000000FF) ^ $w[3]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a block
+     *
+     * Optimized over Crypt_Rijndael's implementation by means of loop unrolling.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_decryptBlock()
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $in
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _decryptBlock($in)
+    {
+        $state = unpack('N*', $in);
+
+        $sbox = $this->isbox;
+        $dw  = $this->dw;
+        $dt0 = $this->dt0;
+        $dt1 = $this->dt1;
+        $dt2 = $this->dt2;
+        $dt3 = $this->dt3;
+
+        // addRoundKey
+        $s0 = $state[1] ^ $dw[4];
+        $s1 = $state[2] ^ $dw[5];
+        $s2 = $state[3] ^ $dw[6];
+        $s3 = $state[4] ^ $dw[7];
+
+        // invShiftRows + invSubBytes + invMixColumns + addRoundKey
+        $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[8];
+        $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[9];
+        $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[10];
+        $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[11];
+
+        $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[12];
+        $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[13];
+        $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[14];
+        $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[15];
+
+        $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[16];
+        $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[17];
+        $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[18];
+        $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[19];
+
+        $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[20];
+        $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[21];
+        $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[22];
+        $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[23];
+
+        $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[24];
+        $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[25];
+        $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[26];
+        $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[27];
+
+        $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[28];
+        $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[29];
+        $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[30];
+        $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[31];
+
+        $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[32];
+        $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[33];
+        $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[34];
+        $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[35];
+
+        $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[36];
+        $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[37];
+        $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[38];
+        $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[39];
+
+        $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[40];
+        $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[41];
+        $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[42];
+        $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[43];
+
+        switch ($this->Nr) {
+            case 10:
+                break;
+
+            case 14:
+                $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[44];
+                $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[45];
+                $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[46];
+                $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[47];
+
+                $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[48];
+                $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[49];
+                $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[50];
+                $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[51];
+
+                $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[52];
+                $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[53];
+                $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[54];
+                $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[55];
+
+                $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[56];
+                $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[57];
+                $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[58];
+                $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[59];
+                break;
+
+            case 12:
+                $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[44];
+                $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[45];
+                $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[46];
+                $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[47];
+
+                $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[48];
+                $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[49];
+                $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[50];
+                $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[51];
+                break;
+
+            case 13:
+                $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[44];
+                $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[45];
+                $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[46];
+                $s3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[47];
+
+                $e0 = $dt0[($s0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[48];
+                $e1 = $dt0[($s1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[49];
+                $e2 = $dt0[($s2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[50];
+                $e3 = $dt0[($s3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($s2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($s1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$s0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[51];
+
+                $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[52];
+                $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[53];
+                $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[54];
+                $e3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[55];
+                // Note: Here we skip $s3 but using $e3
+
+                $e0 = $s0;
+                $e1 = $s1;
+                $e2 = $s2;
+                // $e3 = $s3;
+                break;
+
+            default: // 11
+                $s0 = $dt0[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e1 & 0xff] ^ $dw[44];
+                $s1 = $dt0[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e2 & 0xff] ^ $dw[45];
+                $s2 = $dt0[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e3 & 0xff] ^ $dw[46];
+                $e3 = $dt0[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] ^ $dt1[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] ^ $dt2[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] ^ $dt3[$e0 & 0xff] ^ $dw[47];
+                // Note: Here we skip $s3 but using $e3
+
+                $e0 = $s0;
+                $e1 = $s1;
+                $e2 = $s2;
+                // $e3 = $s3;
+        }
+
+        // invSubWord
+        $e0 = $sbox[$e0 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e0 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e0 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e0 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+        $e1 = $sbox[$e1 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e1 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e1 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e1 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+        $e2 = $sbox[$e2 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e2 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e2 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e2 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+        $e3 = $sbox[$e3 & 0xff] | ($sbox[($e3 >> 8) & 0xff] << 8) | ($sbox[($e3 >> 16) & 0xff] << 16) | ($sbox[($e3 >> 24) & 0xff] << 24);
+
+        // invShiftRows + addRoundKey
+        return pack('N*',
+            ($e0 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e3 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e2 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e1 & 0x000000FF) ^ $dw[0],
+            ($e1 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e0 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e3 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e2 & 0x000000FF) ^ $dw[1],
+            ($e2 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e1 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e0 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e3 & 0x000000FF) ^ $dw[2],
+            ($e3 & 0xFF000000) ^ ($e2 & 0x00FF0000) ^ ($e1 & 0x0000FF00) ^ ($e0 & 0x000000FF) ^ $dw[3]
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive "packets" as if they are a continuous buffer.
+     *
+     * The default behavior.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        parent::enableContinuousBuffer();
+
+        if (CRYPT_AES_MODE == CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+            $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = true;
+            $this->debuffer['demcrypt_init'] = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive packets as if they are a discontinuous buffer.
+     *
+     * The default behavior.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        parent::disableContinuousBuffer();
+
+        if (CRYPT_AES_MODE == CRYPT_AES_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->iv);
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->iv);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
+// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1197a50ab72df4c032eb87a1168ce77458452f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/DES.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1334 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of DES.
+ *
+ * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Useful resources are as follows:
+ *
+ *  - {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DES_supplementary_material Wikipedia: DES supplementary material}
+ *  - {@link http://www.itl.nist.gov/fipspubs/fip46-2.htm FIPS 46-2 - (DES), Data Encryption Standard}
+ *  - {@link http://www.cs.eku.edu/faculty/styer/460/Encrypt/JS-DES.html JavaScript DES Example}
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/DES.php');
+ *
+ *    $des = new Crypt_DES();
+ *
+ *    $des->setKey('abcdefgh');
+ *
+ *    $size = 10 * 1024;
+ *    $plaintext = '';
+ *    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+ *        $plaintext.= 'a';
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $des->decrypt($des->encrypt($plaintext));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_DES
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: DES.php,v 1.12 2010/02/09 06:10:26 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_DES::_prepareKey()
+ * @see Crypt_DES::_processBlock()
+ */
+/**
+ * Contains array_reverse($keys[CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT])
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT', 0);
+/**
+ * Contains array_reverse($keys[CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT])
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT', 1);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+ * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+ */
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
+ *
+ * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR', -1);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB', 1);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC', 2);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB', 3);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_DES::Crypt_DES()
+ */
+/**
+ * Toggles the internal implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of DES.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_DES
+ */
+class Crypt_DES {
+    /**
+     * The Key Schedule
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::setKey()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $keys = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * The Encryption Mode
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::Crypt_DES()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mode;
+
+    /**
+     * Continuous Buffer status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $continuousBuffer = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Padding status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::enablePadding()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $padding = true;
+
+    /**
+     * The Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::setIV()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $iv = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryptIV = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decryptIV = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for encryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enmcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for decryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $demcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the enmcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::setKey()
+     * @see Crypt_DES::setIV()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enchanged = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the demcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::setKey()
+     * @see Crypt_DES::setIV()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dechanged = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Is the mode one that is paddable?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::Crypt_DES()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $paddable = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enbuffer = array('encrypted' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'enmcrypt_init' => true);
+
+    /**
+     * Decryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'demcrypt_init' => true);
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for CFB mode
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ecb;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.  $mode should only, at present, be
+     * CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB or CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC.  If not explictly set, CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @return Crypt_DES
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_DES($mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC)
+    {
+        if ( !defined('CRYPT_DES_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('mcrypt') && in_array('des', mcrypt_list_algorithms()):
+                    define('CRYPT_DES_MODE', CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_DES_MODE', CRYPT_DES_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch ( CRYPT_DES_MODE ) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT:
+                switch ($mode) {
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                        $this->mode = 'ctr';
+                        //$this->mode = in_array('ctr', mcrypt_list_modes()) ? 'ctr' : CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                        $this->mode = 'ncfb';
+                        $this->ecb = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_DES, '', MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, '');
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_NOFB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                    default:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
+                }
+                $this->enmcrypt = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_DES, '', $this->mode, '');
+                $this->demcrypt = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_DES, '', $this->mode, '');
+
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($mode) {
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = $mode;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                        $this->mode = $mode;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC;
+                }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key.
+     *
+     * Keys can be of any length.  DES, itself, uses 64-bit keys (eg. strlen($key) == 8), however, we
+     * only use the first eight, if $key has more then eight characters in it, and pad $key with the
+     * null byte if it is less then eight characters long.
+     *
+     * DES also requires that every eighth bit be a parity bit, however, we'll ignore that.
+     *
+     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all zero's.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     */
+    function setKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->keys = ( CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT ) ? str_pad(substr($key, 0, 8), 8, chr(0)) : $this->_prepareKey($key);
+        $this->enchanged = true;
+        $this->dechanged = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the password.
+     *
+     * Depending on what $method is set to, setPassword()'s (optional) parameters are as follows:
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2 pbkdf2}:
+     *         $hash, $salt, $count
+     *
+     * @param String $password
+     * @param optional String $method
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setPassword($password, $method = 'pbkdf2')
+    {
+        $key = '';
+
+        switch ($method) {
+            default: // 'pbkdf2'
+                list(, , $hash, $salt, $count) = func_get_args();
+                if (!isset($hash)) {
+                    $hash = 'sha1';
+                }
+                // WPA and WPA2 use the SSID as the salt
+                if (!isset($salt)) {
+                    $salt = 'phpseclib/salt';
+                }
+                // RFC2898#section-4.2 uses 1,000 iterations by default
+                // WPA and WPA2 use 4,096.
+                if (!isset($count)) {
+                    $count = 1000;
+                }
+
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+                }
+
+                $i = 1;
+                while (strlen($key) < 8) { // $dkLen == 8
+                    //$dk.= $this->_pbkdf($password, $salt, $count, $i++);
+                    $hmac = new Crypt_Hash();
+                    $hmac->setHash($hash);
+                    $hmac->setKey($password);
+                    $f = $u = $hmac->hash($salt . pack('N', $i++));
+                    for ($j = 2; $j <= $count; $j++) {
+                        $u = $hmac->hash($u);
+                        $f^= $u;
+                    }
+                    $key.= $f;
+                }
+        }
+
+        $this->setKey($key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the initialization vector. (optional)
+     *
+     * SetIV is not required when CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB is being used.  If not explictly set, it'll be assumed
+     * to be all zero's.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function setIV($iv)
+    {
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = $this->iv = str_pad(substr($iv, 0, 8), 8, chr(0));
+        $this->enchanged = true;
+        $this->dechanged = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate CTR XOR encryption key
+     *
+     * Encrypt the output of this and XOR it against the ciphertext / plaintext to get the
+     * plaintext / ciphertext in CTR mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function _generate_xor(&$iv)
+    {
+        $xor = $iv;
+        for ($j = 4; $j <= 8; $j+=4) {
+            $temp = substr($iv, -$j, 4);
+            switch ($temp) {
+                case "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x00\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
+                    break;
+                case "\x7F\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x80\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
+                    break 2;
+                default:
+                    extract(unpack('Ncount', $temp));
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, pack('N', $count + 1), -$j, 4);
+                    break 2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $xor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a message.
+     *
+     * $plaintext will be padded with up to 8 additional bytes.  Other DES implementations may or may not pad in the
+     * same manner.  Other common approaches to padding and the reasons why it's necessary are discussed in the following
+     * URL:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptopad.html http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptopad.html}
+     *
+     * An alternative to padding is to, separately, send the length of the file.  This is what SSH, in fact, does.
+     * strlen($plaintext) will still need to be a multiple of 8, however, arbitrary values can be added to make it that
+     * length.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::decrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
+        }
+
+        if ( CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            if ($this->enchanged) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->keys, $this->encryptIV);
+                if ($this->mode == 'ncfb') {
+                    mcrypt_generic_init($this->ecb, $this->keys, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+                }
+                $this->enchanged = false;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->mode != 'ncfb' || !$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $ciphertext = mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, $plaintext);
+            } else {
+                $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
+                $pos = &$this->enbuffer['pos'];
+                $len = strlen($plaintext);
+                $ciphertext = '';
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 8 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $ciphertext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $plaintext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $ciphertext, $orig_pos, $i);
+                    $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = true;
+                }
+                if ($len >= 8) {
+                    if ($this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] === false || $len > 600) {
+                        if ($this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] === true) {
+                            mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->keys, $iv);
+                            $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = false;
+                        }
+                        $ciphertext.= mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, substr($plaintext, $i, $len - $len % 8));
+                        $iv = substr($ciphertext, -8);
+                        $len%= 8;
+                    } else {
+                        while ($len >= 8) {
+                            $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv) ^ substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                            $ciphertext.= $iv;
+                            $len-= 8;
+                            $i+= 8;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } 
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv);
+                    $block = $iv ^ substr($plaintext, -$len);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $block, 0, $len);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                return $ciphertext;
+            }
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->keys, $this->encryptIV);
+            }
+
+            return $ciphertext;
+        }
+
+        if (!is_array($this->keys)) {
+            $this->keys = $this->_prepareKey("\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+        }
+
+        $buffer = &$this->enbuffer;
+        $continuousBuffer = $this->continuousBuffer;
+        $ciphertext = '';
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                    $ciphertext.= $this->_processBlock(substr($plaintext, $i, 8), CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                    $block = $this->_processBlock($block ^ $xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $xor = $block;
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['encrypted'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                        $buffer['encrypted'].= $this->_processBlock($this->_generate_xor($xor), CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['encrypted'], 8);
+                        $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                        $key = $this->_processBlock($this->_generate_xor($xor), CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) & 7) {
+                        $buffer['encrypted'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['encrypted'];
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
+                    $pos = &$buffer['pos'];
+                } else {
+                    $iv = $this->encryptIV;
+                    $pos = 0;
+                }
+                $len = strlen($plaintext);
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 8 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $ciphertext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $plaintext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $ciphertext, $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                while ($len >= 8) {
+                    $iv = $this->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT) ^ substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                    $ciphertext.= $iv;
+                    $len-= 8;
+                    $i+= 8;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = $this->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $block = $iv ^ substr($plaintext, $i);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $block, 0, $len);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                return $ciphertext;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $this->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], 8);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr($plaintext, $i, 8) ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $this->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr($plaintext, $i, 8) ^ $xor;
+                    }
+                    $key = $xor;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) & 7) {
+                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return $ciphertext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * If strlen($ciphertext) is not a multiple of 8, null bytes will be added to the end of the string until it is.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $ciphertext
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            // we pad with chr(0) since that's what mcrypt_generic does.  to quote from http://php.net/function.mcrypt-generic :
+            // "The data is padded with "\0" to make sure the length of the data is n * blocksize."
+            $ciphertext = str_pad($ciphertext, (strlen($ciphertext) + 7) & 0xFFFFFFF8, chr(0));
+        }
+
+        if ( CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            if ($this->dechanged) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->keys, $this->decryptIV);
+                if ($this->mode == 'ncfb') {
+                    mcrypt_generic_init($this->ecb, $this->keys, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+                }
+                $this->dechanged = false;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->mode != 'ncfb' || !$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $plaintext = mdecrypt_generic($this->demcrypt, $ciphertext);
+            } else {
+                $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
+                $pos = &$this->debuffer['pos'];
+                $len = strlen($ciphertext);
+                $plaintext = '';
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 8 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $plaintext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $ciphertext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, 0, $i), $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                if ($len >= 8) {
+                    $cb = substr($ciphertext, $i, $len - $len % 8);
+                    $plaintext.= mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv . $cb) ^ $cb;
+                    $iv = substr($cb, -8);
+                    $len%= 8;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ substr($ciphertext, -$len);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, -$len), 0, $len);
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                return $plaintext;
+            }
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->keys, $this->decryptIV);
+            }
+
+            return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+        }
+
+        if (!is_array($this->keys)) {
+            $this->keys = $this->_prepareKey("\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+        }
+
+        $buffer = &$this->debuffer;
+        $continuousBuffer = $this->continuousBuffer;
+        $plaintext = '';
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                    $plaintext.= $this->_processBlock(substr($ciphertext, $i, 8), CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                    $plaintext.= $this->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT) ^ $xor;
+                    $xor = $block;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'].= $this->_processBlock($this->_generate_xor($xor), CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], 8);
+                        $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                        $key = $this->_processBlock($this->_generate_xor($xor), CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($ciphertext) % 8) {
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['ciphertext'];
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
+                    $pos = &$buffer['pos'];
+                } else {
+                    $iv = $this->decryptIV;
+                    $pos = 0;
+                }
+                $len = strlen($ciphertext);
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 8 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $plaintext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $ciphertext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, 0, $i), $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                while ($len >= 8) {
+                    $iv = $this->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $cb = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ $cb;
+                    $iv = $cb;
+                    $len-= 8;
+                    $i+= 8;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = $this->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ substr($ciphertext, $i);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, $i), 0, $len);
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                return $plaintext;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $this->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], 8);
+                        $plaintext.= substr($ciphertext, $i, 8) ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $this->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $plaintext.= substr($ciphertext, $i, 8) ^ $xor;
+                    }
+                    $key = $xor;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($ciphertext) % 8) {
+                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive "packets" as if they are a continuous buffer.
+     *
+     * Say you have a 16-byte plaintext $plaintext.  Using the default behavior, the two following code snippets
+     * will yield different outputs:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 8));
+     *    echo $des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $des->encrypt($plaintext);
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The solution is to enable the continuous buffer.  Although this will resolve the above discrepancy, it creates
+     * another, as demonstrated with the following:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    $des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 8));
+     *    echo $des->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8)));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $des->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8)));
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * With the continuous buffer disabled, these would yield the same output.  With it enabled, they yield different
+     * outputs.  The reason is due to the fact that the initialization vector's change after every encryption /
+     * decryption round when the continuous buffer is enabled.  When it's disabled, they remain constant.
+     *
+     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the Crypt_DES() object changes after each
+     * encryption / decryption round, whereas otherwise, it'd remain constant.  For this reason, it's recommended that
+     * continuous buffers not be used.  They do offer better security and are, in fact, sometimes required (SSH uses them),
+     * however, they are also less intuitive and more likely to cause you problems.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        $this->continuousBuffer = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive packets as if they are a discontinuous buffer.
+     *
+     * The default behavior.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        $this->continuousBuffer = false;
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->iv;
+        $this->decryptIV = $this->iv;
+        $this->enbuffer = array('encrypted' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'enmcrypt_init' => true);
+        $this->debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'demcrypt_init' => true);
+
+        if (CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT) {
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->keys, $this->iv);
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->keys, $this->iv);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pad "packets".
+     *
+     * DES works by encrypting eight bytes at a time.  If you ever need to encrypt or decrypt something that's not
+     * a multiple of eight, it becomes necessary to pad the input so that it's length is a multiple of eight.
+     *
+     * Padding is enabled by default.  Sometimes, however, it is undesirable to pad strings.  Such is the case in SSH1,
+     * where "packets" are padded with random bytes before being encrypted.  Unpad these packets and you risk stripping
+     * away characters that shouldn't be stripped away. (SSH knows how many bytes are added because the length is
+     * transmitted separately)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::disablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enablePadding()
+    {
+        $this->padding = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do not pad packets.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::enablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disablePadding()
+    {
+        $this->padding = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pads a string
+     *
+     * Pads a string using the RSA PKCS padding standards so that its length is a multiple of the blocksize (8).
+     * 8 - (strlen($text) & 7) bytes are added, each of which is equal to chr(8 - (strlen($text) & 7)
+     *
+     * If padding is disabled and $text is not a multiple of the blocksize, the string will be padded regardless
+     * and padding will, hence forth, be enabled.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::_unpad()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _pad($text)
+    {
+        $length = strlen($text);
+
+        if (!$this->padding) {
+            if (($length & 7) == 0) {
+                return $text;
+            } else {
+                user_error("The plaintext's length ($length) is not a multiple of the block size (8)");
+                $this->padding = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $pad = 8 - ($length & 7);
+        return str_pad($text, $length + $pad, chr($pad));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unpads a string
+     *
+     * If padding is enabled and the reported padding length is invalid the encryption key will be assumed to be wrong
+     * and false will be returned.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_DES::_pad()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _unpad($text)
+    {
+        if (!$this->padding) {
+            return $text;
+        }
+
+        $length = ord($text[strlen($text) - 1]);
+
+        if (!$length || $length > 8) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return substr($text, 0, -$length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts or decrypts a 64-bit block
+     *
+     * $mode should be either CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT or CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT.  See
+     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Feistel.png Feistel.png} to get a general
+     * idea of what this function does.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $block
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _processBlock($block, $mode)
+    {
+        // s-boxes.  in the official DES docs, they're described as being matrices that
+        // one accesses by using the first and last bits to determine the row and the
+        // middle four bits to determine the column.  in this implementation, they've
+        // been converted to vectors
+        static $sbox = array(
+            array(
+                14,  0,  4, 15, 13,  7,  1,  4,  2, 14, 15,  2, 11, 13,  8,  1,
+                 3, 10 ,10,  6,  6, 12, 12, 11,  5,  9,  9,  5,  0,  3,  7,  8,
+                 4, 15,  1, 12, 14,  8,  8,  2, 13,  4,  6,  9,  2,  1, 11,  7,
+                15,  5, 12, 11,  9,  3,  7, 14,  3, 10, 10,  0,  5,  6,  0, 13
+            ),
+            array(
+                15,  3,  1, 13,  8,  4, 14,  7,  6, 15, 11,  2,  3,  8,  4, 14,
+                 9, 12,  7,  0,  2,  1, 13, 10, 12,  6,  0,  9,  5, 11, 10,  5,
+                 0, 13, 14,  8,  7, 10, 11,  1, 10,  3,  4, 15, 13,  4,  1,  2,
+                 5, 11,  8,  6, 12,  7,  6, 12,  9,  0,  3,  5,  2, 14, 15,  9
+            ),
+            array(
+                10, 13,  0,  7,  9,  0, 14,  9,  6,  3,  3,  4, 15,  6,  5, 10,
+                 1,  2, 13,  8, 12,  5,  7, 14, 11, 12,  4, 11,  2, 15,  8,  1,
+                13,  1,  6, 10,  4, 13,  9,  0,  8,  6, 15,  9,  3,  8,  0,  7,
+                11,  4,  1, 15,  2, 14, 12,  3,  5, 11, 10,  5, 14,  2,  7, 12
+            ),
+            array(
+                 7, 13, 13,  8, 14, 11,  3,  5,  0,  6,  6, 15,  9,  0, 10,  3,
+                 1,  4,  2,  7,  8,  2,  5, 12, 11,  1, 12, 10,  4, 14, 15,  9,
+                10,  3,  6, 15,  9,  0,  0,  6, 12, 10, 11,  1,  7, 13, 13,  8,
+                15,  9,  1,  4,  3,  5, 14, 11,  5, 12,  2,  7,  8,  2,  4, 14
+            ),
+            array(
+                 2, 14, 12, 11,  4,  2,  1, 12,  7,  4, 10,  7, 11, 13,  6,  1,
+                 8,  5,  5,  0,  3, 15, 15, 10, 13,  3,  0,  9, 14,  8,  9,  6,
+                 4, 11,  2,  8,  1, 12, 11,  7, 10,  1, 13, 14,  7,  2,  8, 13,
+                15,  6,  9, 15, 12,  0,  5,  9,  6, 10,  3,  4,  0,  5, 14,  3
+            ),
+            array(
+                12, 10,  1, 15, 10,  4, 15,  2,  9,  7,  2, 12,  6,  9,  8,  5,
+                 0,  6, 13,  1,  3, 13,  4, 14, 14,  0,  7, 11,  5,  3, 11,  8,
+                 9,  4, 14,  3, 15,  2,  5, 12,  2,  9,  8,  5, 12, 15,  3, 10,
+                 7, 11,  0, 14,  4,  1, 10,  7,  1,  6, 13,  0, 11,  8,  6, 13
+            ),
+            array(
+                 4, 13, 11,  0,  2, 11, 14,  7, 15,  4,  0,  9,  8,  1, 13, 10,
+                 3, 14, 12,  3,  9,  5,  7, 12,  5,  2, 10, 15,  6,  8,  1,  6,
+                 1,  6,  4, 11, 11, 13, 13,  8, 12,  1,  3,  4,  7, 10, 14,  7,
+                10,  9, 15,  5,  6,  0,  8, 15,  0, 14,  5,  2,  9,  3,  2, 12
+            ),
+            array(
+                13,  1,  2, 15,  8, 13,  4,  8,  6, 10, 15,  3, 11,  7,  1,  4,
+                10, 12,  9,  5,  3,  6, 14, 11,  5,  0,  0, 14, 12,  9,  7,  2,
+                 7,  2, 11,  1,  4, 14,  1,  7,  9,  4, 12, 10, 14,  8,  2, 13,
+                 0, 15,  6, 12, 10,  9, 13,  0, 15,  3,  3,  5,  5,  6,  8, 11
+            )
+        );
+
+        $keys = $this->keys;
+
+        $temp = unpack('Na/Nb', $block);
+        $block = array($temp['a'], $temp['b']);
+
+        // because php does arithmetic right shifts, if the most significant bits are set, right
+        // shifting those into the correct position will add 1's - not 0's.  this will intefere
+        // with the | operation unless a second & is done.  so we isolate these bits and left shift
+        // them into place.  we then & each block with 0x7FFFFFFF to prevennt 1's from being added
+        // for any other shifts.
+        $msb = array(
+            ($block[0] >> 31) & 1,
+            ($block[1] >> 31) & 1
+        );
+        $block[0] &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        $block[1] &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+
+        // we isolate the appropriate bit in the appropriate integer and shift as appropriate.  in
+        // some cases, there are going to be multiple bits in the same integer that need to be shifted
+        // in the same way.  we combine those into one shift operation.
+        $block = array(
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000040) << 25) | (($block[1] & 0x00004000) << 16) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00400001) <<  7) | (($block[1] & 0x40000100) >>  2) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000040) << 21) | (($block[0] & 0x00004000) << 12) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00400001) <<  3) | (($block[0] & 0x40000100) >>  6) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000010) << 19) | (($block[1] & 0x00001000) << 10) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00100000) <<  1) | (($block[1] & 0x10000000) >>  8) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000010) << 15) | (($block[0] & 0x00001000) <<  6) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00100000) >>  3) | (($block[0] & 0x10000000) >> 12) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000004) << 13) | (($block[1] & 0x00000400) <<  4) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00040000) >>  5) | (($block[1] & 0x04000000) >> 14) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000004) <<  9) | ( $block[0] & 0x00000400       ) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00040000) >>  9) | (($block[0] & 0x04000000) >> 18) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00010000) >> 11) | (($block[1] & 0x01000000) >> 20) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00010000) >> 15) | (($block[0] & 0x01000000) >> 24)
+        ,
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000080) << 24) | (($block[1] & 0x00008000) << 15) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00800002) <<  6) | (($block[0] & 0x00000080) << 20) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00008000) << 11) | (($block[0] & 0x00800002) <<  2) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000020) << 18) | (($block[1] & 0x00002000) <<  9) |
+            ( $block[1] & 0x00200000       ) | (($block[1] & 0x20000000) >>  9) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000020) << 14) | (($block[0] & 0x00002000) <<  5) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00200000) >>  4) | (($block[0] & 0x20000000) >> 13) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000008) << 12) | (($block[1] & 0x00000800) <<  3) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00080000) >>  6) | (($block[1] & 0x08000000) >> 15) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000008) <<  8) | (($block[0] & 0x00000800) >>  1) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00080000) >> 10) | (($block[0] & 0x08000000) >> 19) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00000200) >>  3) | (($block[0] & 0x00000200) >>  7) |
+            (($block[1] & 0x00020000) >> 12) | (($block[1] & 0x02000000) >> 21) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00020000) >> 16) | (($block[0] & 0x02000000) >> 25) |
+            ($msb[1] << 28) | ($msb[0] << 24)
+        );
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
+            // start of "the Feistel (F) function" - see the following URL:
+            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Data_Encryption_Standard_InfoBox_Diagram.png
+            $temp = (($sbox[0][((($block[1] >> 27) & 0x1F) | (($block[1] & 1) << 5)) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][0]]) << 28)
+                  | (($sbox[1][(($block[1] & 0x1F800000) >> 23) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][1]]) << 24)
+                  | (($sbox[2][(($block[1] & 0x01F80000) >> 19) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][2]]) << 20)
+                  | (($sbox[3][(($block[1] & 0x001F8000) >> 15) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][3]]) << 16)
+                  | (($sbox[4][(($block[1] & 0x0001F800) >> 11) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][4]]) << 12)
+                  | (($sbox[5][(($block[1] & 0x00001F80) >>  7) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][5]]) <<  8)
+                  | (($sbox[6][(($block[1] & 0x000001F8) >>  3) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][6]]) <<  4)
+                  | ( $sbox[7][((($block[1] & 0x1F) << 1) | (($block[1] >> 31) & 1)) ^ $keys[$mode][$i][7]]);
+
+            $msb = ($temp >> 31) & 1;
+            $temp &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+            $newBlock = (($temp & 0x00010000) << 15) | (($temp & 0x02020120) <<  5)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00001800) << 17) | (($temp & 0x01000000) >> 10)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00000008) << 24) | (($temp & 0x00100000) <<  6)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00000010) << 21) | (($temp & 0x00008000) <<  9)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00000200) << 12) | (($temp & 0x10000000) >> 27)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00000040) << 14) | (($temp & 0x08000000) >>  8)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00004000) <<  4) | (($temp & 0x00000002) << 16)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00442000) >>  6) | (($temp & 0x40800000) >> 15)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00000001) << 11) | (($temp & 0x20000000) >> 20)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00080000) >> 13) | (($temp & 0x00000004) <<  3)
+                      | (($temp & 0x04000000) >> 22) | (($temp & 0x00000480) >>  7)
+                      | (($temp & 0x00200000) >> 19) | ($msb << 23);
+            // end of "the Feistel (F) function" - $newBlock is F's output
+
+            $temp = $block[1];
+            $block[1] = $block[0] ^ $newBlock;
+            $block[0] = $temp;
+        }
+
+        $msb = array(
+            ($block[0] >> 31) & 1,
+            ($block[1] >> 31) & 1
+        );
+        $block[0] &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        $block[1] &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+
+        $block = array(
+            (($block[0] & 0x01000004) <<  7) | (($block[1] & 0x01000004) <<  6) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00010000) << 13) | (($block[1] & 0x00010000) << 12) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000100) << 19) | (($block[1] & 0x00000100) << 18) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000001) << 25) | (($block[1] & 0x00000001) << 24) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x02000008) >>  2) | (($block[1] & 0x02000008) >>  3) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00020000) <<  4) | (($block[1] & 0x00020000) <<  3) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000200) << 10) | (($block[1] & 0x00000200) <<  9) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000002) << 16) | (($block[1] & 0x00000002) << 15) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x04000000) >> 11) | (($block[1] & 0x04000000) >> 12) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00040000) >>  5) | (($block[1] & 0x00040000) >>  6) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000400) <<  1) | ( $block[1] & 0x00000400       ) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x08000000) >> 20) | (($block[1] & 0x08000000) >> 21) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00080000) >> 14) | (($block[1] & 0x00080000) >> 15) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000800) >>  8) | (($block[1] & 0x00000800) >>  9)
+        ,
+            (($block[0] & 0x10000040) <<  3) | (($block[1] & 0x10000040) <<  2) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00100000) <<  9) | (($block[1] & 0x00100000) <<  8) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00001000) << 15) | (($block[1] & 0x00001000) << 14) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000010) << 21) | (($block[1] & 0x00000010) << 20) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x20000080) >>  6) | (($block[1] & 0x20000080) >>  7) |
+            ( $block[0] & 0x00200000       ) | (($block[1] & 0x00200000) >>  1) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00002000) <<  6) | (($block[1] & 0x00002000) <<  5) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00000020) << 12) | (($block[1] & 0x00000020) << 11) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x40000000) >> 15) | (($block[1] & 0x40000000) >> 16) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00400000) >>  9) | (($block[1] & 0x00400000) >> 10) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00004000) >>  3) | (($block[1] & 0x00004000) >>  4) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00800000) >> 18) | (($block[1] & 0x00800000) >> 19) |
+            (($block[0] & 0x00008000) >> 12) | (($block[1] & 0x00008000) >> 13) |
+            ($msb[0] <<  7) | ($msb[1] <<  6)
+        );
+
+        return pack('NN', $block[0], $block[1]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the key schedule.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $key
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _prepareKey($key)
+    {
+        static $shifts = array( // number of key bits shifted per round
+            1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1
+        );
+
+        // pad the key and remove extra characters as appropriate.
+        $key = str_pad(substr($key, 0, 8), 8, chr(0));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Na/Nb', $key);
+        $key = array($temp['a'], $temp['b']);
+        $msb = array(
+            ($key[0] >> 31) & 1,
+            ($key[1] >> 31) & 1
+        );
+        $key[0] &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        $key[1] &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
+
+        $key = array(
+            (($key[1] & 0x00000002) << 26) | (($key[1] & 0x00000204) << 17) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00020408) <<  8) | (($key[1] & 0x02040800) >>  1) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00000002) << 22) | (($key[0] & 0x00000204) << 13) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00020408) <<  4) | (($key[0] & 0x02040800) >>  5) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x04080000) >> 10) | (($key[0] & 0x04080000) >> 14) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x08000000) >> 19) | (($key[0] & 0x08000000) >> 23) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00000010) >>  1) | (($key[0] & 0x00001000) >> 10) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00100000) >> 19) | (($key[0] & 0x10000000) >> 28)
+        ,
+            (($key[1] & 0x00000080) << 20) | (($key[1] & 0x00008000) << 11) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00800000) <<  2) | (($key[0] & 0x00000080) << 16) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00008000) <<  7) | (($key[0] & 0x00800000) >>  2) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00000040) << 13) | (($key[1] & 0x00004000) <<  4) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00400000) >>  5) | (($key[1] & 0x40000000) >> 14) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00000040) <<  9) | ( $key[0] & 0x00004000       ) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00400000) >>  9) | (($key[0] & 0x40000000) >> 18) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00000020) <<  6) | (($key[1] & 0x00002000) >>  3) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00200000) >> 12) | (($key[1] & 0x20000000) >> 21) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00000020) <<  2) | (($key[0] & 0x00002000) >>  7) |
+            (($key[0] & 0x00200000) >> 16) | (($key[0] & 0x20000000) >> 25) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00000010) >>  1) | (($key[1] & 0x00001000) >> 10) |
+            (($key[1] & 0x00100000) >> 19) | (($key[1] & 0x10000000) >> 28) |
+            ($msb[1] << 24) | ($msb[0] << 20)
+        ); 
+
+        $keys = array();
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
+            $key[0] <<= $shifts[$i];
+            $temp = ($key[0] & 0xF0000000) >> 28;
+            $key[0] = ($key[0] | $temp) & 0x0FFFFFFF;
+
+            $key[1] <<= $shifts[$i];
+            $temp = ($key[1] & 0xF0000000) >> 28;
+            $key[1] = ($key[1] | $temp) & 0x0FFFFFFF;
+
+            $temp = array(
+                (($key[1] & 0x00004000) >>  9) | (($key[1] & 0x00000800) >>  7) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00020000) >> 14) | (($key[1] & 0x00000010) >>  2) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x08000000) >> 26) | (($key[1] & 0x00800000) >> 23)
+            ,
+                (($key[1] & 0x02400000) >> 20) | (($key[1] & 0x00000001) <<  4) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00002000) >> 10) | (($key[1] & 0x00040000) >> 18) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00000080) >>  6)
+            ,
+                ( $key[1] & 0x00000020       ) | (($key[1] & 0x00000200) >>  5) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00010000) >> 13) | (($key[1] & 0x01000000) >> 22) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00000004) >>  1) | (($key[1] & 0x00100000) >> 20)
+            ,
+                (($key[1] & 0x00001000) >>  7) | (($key[1] & 0x00200000) >> 17) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00000002) <<  2) | (($key[1] & 0x00000100) >>  6) |
+                (($key[1] & 0x00008000) >> 14) | (($key[1] & 0x04000000) >> 26)
+            ,
+                (($key[0] & 0x00008000) >> 10) | ( $key[0] & 0x00000010       ) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x02000000) >> 22) | (($key[0] & 0x00080000) >> 17) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x00000200) >>  8) | (($key[0] & 0x00000002) >>  1)
+            ,
+                (($key[0] & 0x04000000) >> 21) | (($key[0] & 0x00010000) >> 12) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x00000020) >>  2) | (($key[0] & 0x00000800) >>  9) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x00800000) >> 22) | (($key[0] & 0x00000100) >>  8)
+            ,
+                (($key[0] & 0x00001000) >>  7) | (($key[0] & 0x00000088) >>  3) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x00020000) >> 14) | (($key[0] & 0x00000001) <<  2) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x00400000) >> 21)
+            ,
+                (($key[0] & 0x00000400) >>  5) | (($key[0] & 0x00004000) >> 10) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x00000040) >>  3) | (($key[0] & 0x00100000) >> 18) |
+                (($key[0] & 0x08000000) >> 26) | (($key[0] & 0x01000000) >> 24)
+            );
+
+            $keys[] = $temp;
+        }
+
+        $temp = array(
+            CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT => $keys,
+            CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT => array_reverse($keys)
+        );
+
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+}
+
+// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
+// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5d314f009f87ab00cc283d629a9f52ad4572764
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Hash.php
@@ -0,0 +1,825 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementations of keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMACs) and various cryptographic hashing functions.
+ *
+ * Uses hash() or mhash() if available and an internal implementation, otherwise.  Currently supports the following:
+ *
+ * md2, md5, md5-96, sha1, sha1-96, sha256, sha384, and sha512
+ *
+ * If {@link Crypt_Hash::setKey() setKey()} is called, {@link Crypt_Hash::hash() hash()} will return the HMAC as opposed to
+ * the hash.  If no valid algorithm is provided, sha1 will be used.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * {@internal The variable names are the same as those in 
+ * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2104#section-2 RFC2104}.}}
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/Hash.php');
+ *
+ *    $hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+ *
+ *    $hash->setKey('abcdefg');
+ *
+ *    echo base64_encode($hash->hash('abcdefg'));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_Hash
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: Hash.php,v 1.6 2009/11/23 23:37:07 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_Hash::Crypt_Hash()
+ */
+/**
+ * Toggles the internal implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * Toggles the mhash() implementation, which has been deprecated on PHP 5.3.0+.
+ */
+define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH',    2);
+/**
+ * Toggles the hash() implementation, which works on PHP 5.1.2+.
+ */
+define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH',     3);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementations of keyed-hash message authentication codes (HMACs) and various cryptographic hashing functions.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_Hash
+ */
+class Crypt_Hash {
+    /**
+     * Byte-length of compression blocks / key (Internal HMAC)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Hash::setAlgorithm()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $b;
+
+    /**
+     * Byte-length of hash output (Internal HMAC)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Hash::setHash()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $l = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Hash Algorithm
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Hash::setHash()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hash;
+
+    /**
+     * Key
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Hash::setKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $key = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Outer XOR (Internal HMAC)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Hash::setKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $opad;
+
+    /**
+     * Inner XOR (Internal HMAC)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Hash::setKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ipad;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * @param optional String $hash
+     * @return Crypt_Hash
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_Hash($hash = 'sha1')
+    {
+        if ( !defined('CRYPT_HASH_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('hash'):
+                    define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE', CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH);
+                    break;
+                case extension_loaded('mhash'):
+                    define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE', CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_HASH_MODE', CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->setHash($hash);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key for HMACs
+     *
+     * Keys can be of any length.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     */
+    function setKey($key = false)
+    {
+        $this->key = $key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the hash function.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $hash
+     */
+    function setHash($hash)
+    {
+        $hash = strtolower($hash);
+        switch ($hash) {
+            case 'md5-96':
+            case 'sha1-96':
+                $this->l = 12; // 96 / 8 = 12
+                break;
+            case 'md2':
+            case 'md5':
+                $this->l = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'sha1':
+                $this->l = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'sha256':
+                $this->l = 32;
+                break;
+            case 'sha384':
+                $this->l = 48;
+                break;
+            case 'sha512':
+                $this->l = 64;
+        }
+
+        switch ($hash) {
+            case 'md2':
+                $mode = CRYPT_HASH_MODE == CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH && in_array('md2', hash_algos()) ?
+                    CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH : CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL;
+                break;
+            case 'sha384':
+            case 'sha512':
+                $mode = CRYPT_HASH_MODE == CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH ? CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL : CRYPT_HASH_MODE;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $mode = CRYPT_HASH_MODE;
+        }
+
+        switch ( $mode ) {
+            case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH:
+                switch ($hash) {
+                    case 'md5':
+                    case 'md5-96':
+                        $this->hash = MHASH_MD5;
+                        break;
+                    case 'sha256':
+                        $this->hash = MHASH_SHA256;
+                        break;
+                    case 'sha1':
+                    case 'sha1-96':
+                    default:
+                        $this->hash = MHASH_SHA1;
+                }
+                return;
+            case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH:
+                switch ($hash) {
+                    case 'md5':
+                    case 'md5-96':
+                        $this->hash = 'md5';
+                        return;
+                    case 'md2':
+                    case 'sha256':
+                    case 'sha384':
+                    case 'sha512':
+                        $this->hash = $hash;
+                        return;
+                    case 'sha1':
+                    case 'sha1-96':
+                    default:
+                        $this->hash = 'sha1';
+                }
+                return;
+        }
+
+        switch ($hash) {
+            case 'md2':
+                 $this->b = 16;
+                 $this->hash = array($this, '_md2');
+                 break;
+            case 'md5':
+            case 'md5-96':
+                 $this->b = 64;
+                 $this->hash = array($this, '_md5');
+                 break;
+            case 'sha256':
+                 $this->b = 64;
+                 $this->hash = array($this, '_sha256');
+                 break;
+            case 'sha384':
+            case 'sha512':
+                 $this->b = 128;
+                 $this->hash = array($this, '_sha512');
+                 break;
+            case 'sha1':
+            case 'sha1-96':
+            default:
+                 $this->b = 64;
+                 $this->hash = array($this, '_sha1');
+        }
+
+        $this->ipad = str_repeat(chr(0x36), $this->b);
+        $this->opad = str_repeat(chr(0x5C), $this->b);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute the HMAC.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $text
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function hash($text)
+    {
+        $mode = is_array($this->hash) ? CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL : CRYPT_HASH_MODE;
+
+        if (!empty($this->key) || is_string($this->key)) {
+            switch ( $mode ) {
+                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH:
+                    $output = mhash($this->hash, $text, $this->key);
+                    break;
+                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH:
+                    $output = hash_hmac($this->hash, $text, $this->key, true);
+                    break;
+                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL:
+                    /* "Applications that use keys longer than B bytes will first hash the key using H and then use the
+                        resultant L byte string as the actual key to HMAC."
+
+                        -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2104#section-2 */
+                    $key = strlen($this->key) > $this->b ? call_user_func($this->hash, $this->key) : $this->key;
+
+                    $key    = str_pad($key, $this->b, chr(0));      // step 1
+                    $temp   = $this->ipad ^ $key;                   // step 2
+                    $temp  .= $text;                                // step 3
+                    $temp   = call_user_func($this->hash, $temp);   // step 4
+                    $output = $this->opad ^ $key;                   // step 5
+                    $output.= $temp;                                // step 6
+                    $output = call_user_func($this->hash, $output); // step 7
+            }
+        } else {
+            switch ( $mode ) {
+                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_MHASH:
+                    $output = mhash($this->hash, $text);
+                    break;
+                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_HASH:
+                    $output = hash($this->hash, $text, true);
+                    break;
+                case CRYPT_HASH_MODE_INTERNAL:
+                    $output = call_user_func($this->hash, $text);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return substr($output, 0, $this->l);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the hash length (in bytes)
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function getLength()
+    {
+        return $this->l;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for MD5
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $text
+     */
+    function _md5($m)
+    {
+        return pack('H*', md5($m));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Wrapper for SHA1
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $text
+     */
+    function _sha1($m)
+    {
+        return pack('H*', sha1($m));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pure-PHP implementation of MD2
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1319 RFC1319}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $text
+     */
+    function _md2($m)
+    {
+        static $s = array(
+             41,  46,  67, 201, 162, 216, 124,   1,  61,  54,  84, 161, 236, 240, 6,
+             19,  98, 167,   5, 243, 192, 199, 115, 140, 152, 147,  43, 217, 188,
+             76, 130, 202,  30, 155,  87,  60, 253, 212, 224,  22, 103,  66, 111, 24,
+            138,  23, 229,  18, 190,  78, 196, 214, 218, 158, 222,  73, 160, 251,
+            245, 142, 187,  47, 238, 122, 169, 104, 121, 145,  21, 178,   7,  63,
+            148, 194,  16, 137,  11,  34,  95,  33, 128, 127,  93, 154,  90, 144, 50,
+             39,  53,  62, 204, 231, 191, 247, 151,   3, 255,  25,  48, 179,  72, 165,
+            181, 209, 215,  94, 146,  42, 172,  86, 170, 198,  79, 184,  56, 210,
+            150, 164, 125, 182, 118, 252, 107, 226, 156, 116,   4, 241,  69, 157,
+            112,  89, 100, 113, 135,  32, 134,  91, 207, 101, 230,  45, 168,   2, 27,
+             96,  37, 173, 174, 176, 185, 246,  28,  70,  97, 105,  52,  64, 126, 15,
+             85,  71, 163,  35, 221,  81, 175,  58, 195,  92, 249, 206, 186, 197,
+            234,  38,  44,  83,  13, 110, 133,  40, 132,   9, 211, 223, 205, 244, 65,
+            129,  77,  82, 106, 220,  55, 200, 108, 193, 171, 250,  36, 225, 123,
+              8,  12, 189, 177,  74, 120, 136, 149, 139, 227,  99, 232, 109, 233,
+            203, 213, 254,  59,   0,  29,  57, 242, 239, 183,  14, 102,  88, 208, 228,
+            166, 119, 114, 248, 235, 117,  75,  10,  49,  68,  80, 180, 143, 237,
+             31,  26, 219, 153, 141,  51, 159,  17, 131, 20
+        );
+
+        // Step 1. Append Padding Bytes
+        $pad = 16 - (strlen($m) & 0xF);
+        $m.= str_repeat(chr($pad), $pad);
+
+        $length = strlen($m);
+
+        // Step 2. Append Checksum
+        $c = str_repeat(chr(0), 16);
+        $l = chr(0);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i+= 16) {
+            for ($j = 0; $j < 16; $j++) {
+                // RFC1319 incorrectly states that C[j] should be set to S[c xor L]
+                //$c[$j] = chr($s[ord($m[$i + $j] ^ $l)]);
+                // per <http://www.rfc-editor.org/errata_search.php?rfc=1319>, however, C[j] should be set to S[c xor L] xor C[j]
+                $c[$j] = chr($s[ord($m[$i + $j] ^ $l)] ^ ord($c[$j]));
+                $l = $c[$j];
+            }
+        }
+        $m.= $c;
+
+        $length+= 16;
+
+        // Step 3. Initialize MD Buffer
+        $x = str_repeat(chr(0), 48);
+
+        // Step 4. Process Message in 16-Byte Blocks
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i+= 16) {
+            for ($j = 0; $j < 16; $j++) {
+                $x[$j + 16] = $m[$i + $j];
+                $x[$j + 32] = $x[$j + 16] ^ $x[$j];
+            }
+            $t = chr(0);
+            for ($j = 0; $j < 18; $j++) {
+                for ($k = 0; $k < 48; $k++) {
+                    $x[$k] = $t = $x[$k] ^ chr($s[ord($t)]);
+                    //$t = $x[$k] = $x[$k] ^ chr($s[ord($t)]);
+                }
+                $t = chr(ord($t) + $j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Step 5. Output
+        return substr($x, 0, 16);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pure-PHP implementation of SHA256
+     *
+     * See {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA_hash_functions#SHA-256_.28a_SHA-2_variant.29_pseudocode SHA-256 (a SHA-2 variant) pseudocode - Wikipedia}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $text
+     */
+    function _sha256($m)
+    {
+        if (extension_loaded('suhosin')) {
+            return pack('H*', sha256($m));
+        }
+
+        // Initialize variables
+        $hash = array(
+            0x6a09e667, 0xbb67ae85, 0x3c6ef372, 0xa54ff53a, 0x510e527f, 0x9b05688c, 0x1f83d9ab, 0x5be0cd19
+        );
+        // Initialize table of round constants
+        // (first 32 bits of the fractional parts of the cube roots of the first 64 primes 2..311)
+        static $k = array(
+            0x428a2f98, 0x71374491, 0xb5c0fbcf, 0xe9b5dba5, 0x3956c25b, 0x59f111f1, 0x923f82a4, 0xab1c5ed5,
+            0xd807aa98, 0x12835b01, 0x243185be, 0x550c7dc3, 0x72be5d74, 0x80deb1fe, 0x9bdc06a7, 0xc19bf174,
+            0xe49b69c1, 0xefbe4786, 0x0fc19dc6, 0x240ca1cc, 0x2de92c6f, 0x4a7484aa, 0x5cb0a9dc, 0x76f988da,
+            0x983e5152, 0xa831c66d, 0xb00327c8, 0xbf597fc7, 0xc6e00bf3, 0xd5a79147, 0x06ca6351, 0x14292967,
+            0x27b70a85, 0x2e1b2138, 0x4d2c6dfc, 0x53380d13, 0x650a7354, 0x766a0abb, 0x81c2c92e, 0x92722c85,
+            0xa2bfe8a1, 0xa81a664b, 0xc24b8b70, 0xc76c51a3, 0xd192e819, 0xd6990624, 0xf40e3585, 0x106aa070,
+            0x19a4c116, 0x1e376c08, 0x2748774c, 0x34b0bcb5, 0x391c0cb3, 0x4ed8aa4a, 0x5b9cca4f, 0x682e6ff3,
+            0x748f82ee, 0x78a5636f, 0x84c87814, 0x8cc70208, 0x90befffa, 0xa4506ceb, 0xbef9a3f7, 0xc67178f2
+        );
+
+        // Pre-processing
+        $length = strlen($m);
+        // to round to nearest 56 mod 64, we'll add 64 - (length + (64 - 56)) % 64
+        $m.= str_repeat(chr(0), 64 - (($length + 8) & 0x3F));
+        $m[$length] = chr(0x80);
+        // we don't support hashing strings 512MB long
+        $m.= pack('N2', 0, $length << 3);
+
+        // Process the message in successive 512-bit chunks
+        $chunks = str_split($m, 64);
+        foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
+            $w = array();
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
+                extract(unpack('Ntemp', $this->_string_shift($chunk, 4)));
+                $w[] = $temp;
+            }
+
+            // Extend the sixteen 32-bit words into sixty-four 32-bit words
+            for ($i = 16; $i < 64; $i++) {
+                $s0 = $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 15],  7) ^
+                      $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 15], 18) ^
+                      $this->_rightShift( $w[$i - 15],  3);
+                $s1 = $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 2], 17) ^
+                      $this->_rightRotate($w[$i - 2], 19) ^
+                      $this->_rightShift( $w[$i - 2], 10);
+                $w[$i] = $this->_add($w[$i - 16], $s0, $w[$i - 7], $s1);
+
+            }
+
+            // Initialize hash value for this chunk
+            list($a, $b, $c, $d, $e, $f, $g, $h) = $hash;
+
+            // Main loop
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 64; $i++) {
+                $s0 = $this->_rightRotate($a,  2) ^
+                      $this->_rightRotate($a, 13) ^
+                      $this->_rightRotate($a, 22);
+                $maj = ($a & $b) ^
+                       ($a & $c) ^
+                       ($b & $c);
+                $t2 = $this->_add($s0, $maj);
+
+                $s1 = $this->_rightRotate($e,  6) ^
+                      $this->_rightRotate($e, 11) ^
+                      $this->_rightRotate($e, 25);
+                $ch = ($e & $f) ^
+                      ($this->_not($e) & $g);
+                $t1 = $this->_add($h, $s1, $ch, $k[$i], $w[$i]);
+
+                $h = $g;
+                $g = $f;
+                $f = $e;
+                $e = $this->_add($d, $t1);
+                $d = $c;
+                $c = $b;
+                $b = $a;
+                $a = $this->_add($t1, $t2);
+            }
+
+            // Add this chunk's hash to result so far
+            $hash = array(
+                $this->_add($hash[0], $a),
+                $this->_add($hash[1], $b),
+                $this->_add($hash[2], $c),
+                $this->_add($hash[3], $d),
+                $this->_add($hash[4], $e),
+                $this->_add($hash[5], $f),
+                $this->_add($hash[6], $g),
+                $this->_add($hash[7], $h)
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Produce the final hash value (big-endian)
+        return pack('N8', $hash[0], $hash[1], $hash[2], $hash[3], $hash[4], $hash[5], $hash[6], $hash[7]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pure-PHP implementation of SHA384 and SHA512
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $text
+     */
+    function _sha512($m)
+    {
+        if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
+            require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
+        }
+
+        static $init384, $init512, $k;
+
+        if (!isset($k)) {
+            // Initialize variables
+            $init384 = array( // initial values for SHA384
+                'cbbb9d5dc1059ed8', '629a292a367cd507', '9159015a3070dd17', '152fecd8f70e5939', 
+                '67332667ffc00b31', '8eb44a8768581511', 'db0c2e0d64f98fa7', '47b5481dbefa4fa4'
+            );
+            $init512 = array( // initial values for SHA512
+                '6a09e667f3bcc908', 'bb67ae8584caa73b', '3c6ef372fe94f82b', 'a54ff53a5f1d36f1', 
+                '510e527fade682d1', '9b05688c2b3e6c1f', '1f83d9abfb41bd6b', '5be0cd19137e2179'
+            );
+
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 8; $i++) {
+                $init384[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($init384[$i], 16);
+                $init384[$i]->setPrecision(64);
+                $init512[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($init512[$i], 16);
+                $init512[$i]->setPrecision(64);
+            }
+
+            // Initialize table of round constants
+            // (first 64 bits of the fractional parts of the cube roots of the first 80 primes 2..409)
+            $k = array(
+                '428a2f98d728ae22', '7137449123ef65cd', 'b5c0fbcfec4d3b2f', 'e9b5dba58189dbbc',
+                '3956c25bf348b538', '59f111f1b605d019', '923f82a4af194f9b', 'ab1c5ed5da6d8118',
+                'd807aa98a3030242', '12835b0145706fbe', '243185be4ee4b28c', '550c7dc3d5ffb4e2',
+                '72be5d74f27b896f', '80deb1fe3b1696b1', '9bdc06a725c71235', 'c19bf174cf692694',
+                'e49b69c19ef14ad2', 'efbe4786384f25e3', '0fc19dc68b8cd5b5', '240ca1cc77ac9c65',
+                '2de92c6f592b0275', '4a7484aa6ea6e483', '5cb0a9dcbd41fbd4', '76f988da831153b5',
+                '983e5152ee66dfab', 'a831c66d2db43210', 'b00327c898fb213f', 'bf597fc7beef0ee4',
+                'c6e00bf33da88fc2', 'd5a79147930aa725', '06ca6351e003826f', '142929670a0e6e70',
+                '27b70a8546d22ffc', '2e1b21385c26c926', '4d2c6dfc5ac42aed', '53380d139d95b3df',
+                '650a73548baf63de', '766a0abb3c77b2a8', '81c2c92e47edaee6', '92722c851482353b',
+                'a2bfe8a14cf10364', 'a81a664bbc423001', 'c24b8b70d0f89791', 'c76c51a30654be30',
+                'd192e819d6ef5218', 'd69906245565a910', 'f40e35855771202a', '106aa07032bbd1b8',
+                '19a4c116b8d2d0c8', '1e376c085141ab53', '2748774cdf8eeb99', '34b0bcb5e19b48a8',
+                '391c0cb3c5c95a63', '4ed8aa4ae3418acb', '5b9cca4f7763e373', '682e6ff3d6b2b8a3',
+                '748f82ee5defb2fc', '78a5636f43172f60', '84c87814a1f0ab72', '8cc702081a6439ec',
+                '90befffa23631e28', 'a4506cebde82bde9', 'bef9a3f7b2c67915', 'c67178f2e372532b',
+                'ca273eceea26619c', 'd186b8c721c0c207', 'eada7dd6cde0eb1e', 'f57d4f7fee6ed178',
+                '06f067aa72176fba', '0a637dc5a2c898a6', '113f9804bef90dae', '1b710b35131c471b',
+                '28db77f523047d84', '32caab7b40c72493', '3c9ebe0a15c9bebc', '431d67c49c100d4c',
+                '4cc5d4becb3e42b6', '597f299cfc657e2a', '5fcb6fab3ad6faec', '6c44198c4a475817'
+            );
+
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 80; $i++) {
+                $k[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($k[$i], 16);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $hash = $this->l == 48 ? $init384 : $init512;
+
+        // Pre-processing
+        $length = strlen($m);
+        // to round to nearest 112 mod 128, we'll add 128 - (length + (128 - 112)) % 128
+        $m.= str_repeat(chr(0), 128 - (($length + 16) & 0x7F));
+        $m[$length] = chr(0x80);
+        // we don't support hashing strings 512MB long
+        $m.= pack('N4', 0, 0, 0, $length << 3);
+
+        // Process the message in successive 1024-bit chunks
+        $chunks = str_split($m, 128);
+        foreach ($chunks as $chunk) {
+            $w = array();
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 16; $i++) {
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($chunk, 8), 256);
+                $temp->setPrecision(64);
+                $w[] = $temp;
+            }
+
+            // Extend the sixteen 32-bit words into eighty 32-bit words
+            for ($i = 16; $i < 80; $i++) {
+                $temp = array(
+                          $w[$i - 15]->bitwise_rightRotate(1),
+                          $w[$i - 15]->bitwise_rightRotate(8),
+                          $w[$i - 15]->bitwise_rightShift(7)
+                );
+                $s0 = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
+                $s0 = $s0->bitwise_xor($temp[2]);
+                $temp = array(
+                          $w[$i - 2]->bitwise_rightRotate(19),
+                          $w[$i - 2]->bitwise_rightRotate(61),
+                          $w[$i - 2]->bitwise_rightShift(6)
+                );
+                $s1 = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
+                $s1 = $s1->bitwise_xor($temp[2]);
+                $w[$i] = $w[$i - 16]->copy();
+                $w[$i] = $w[$i]->add($s0);
+                $w[$i] = $w[$i]->add($w[$i - 7]);
+                $w[$i] = $w[$i]->add($s1);
+            }
+
+            // Initialize hash value for this chunk
+            $a = $hash[0]->copy();
+            $b = $hash[1]->copy();
+            $c = $hash[2]->copy();
+            $d = $hash[3]->copy();
+            $e = $hash[4]->copy();
+            $f = $hash[5]->copy();
+            $g = $hash[6]->copy();
+            $h = $hash[7]->copy();
+
+            // Main loop
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 80; $i++) {
+                $temp = array(
+                    $a->bitwise_rightRotate(28),
+                    $a->bitwise_rightRotate(34),
+                    $a->bitwise_rightRotate(39)
+                );
+                $s0 = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
+                $s0 = $s0->bitwise_xor($temp[2]);
+                $temp = array(
+                    $a->bitwise_and($b),
+                    $a->bitwise_and($c),
+                    $b->bitwise_and($c)
+                );
+                $maj = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
+                $maj = $maj->bitwise_xor($temp[2]);
+                $t2 = $s0->add($maj);
+
+                $temp = array(
+                    $e->bitwise_rightRotate(14),
+                    $e->bitwise_rightRotate(18),
+                    $e->bitwise_rightRotate(41)
+                );
+                $s1 = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
+                $s1 = $s1->bitwise_xor($temp[2]);
+                $temp = array(
+                    $e->bitwise_and($f),
+                    $g->bitwise_and($e->bitwise_not())
+                );
+                $ch = $temp[0]->bitwise_xor($temp[1]);
+                $t1 = $h->add($s1);
+                $t1 = $t1->add($ch);
+                $t1 = $t1->add($k[$i]);
+                $t1 = $t1->add($w[$i]);
+
+                $h = $g->copy();
+                $g = $f->copy();
+                $f = $e->copy();
+                $e = $d->add($t1);
+                $d = $c->copy();
+                $c = $b->copy();
+                $b = $a->copy();
+                $a = $t1->add($t2);
+            }
+
+            // Add this chunk's hash to result so far
+            $hash = array(
+                $hash[0]->add($a),
+                $hash[1]->add($b),
+                $hash[2]->add($c),
+                $hash[3]->add($d),
+                $hash[4]->add($e),
+                $hash[5]->add($f),
+                $hash[6]->add($g),
+                $hash[7]->add($h)
+            );
+        }
+
+        // Produce the final hash value (big-endian)
+        // (Crypt_Hash::hash() trims the output for hashes but not for HMACs.  as such, we trim the output here)
+        $temp = $hash[0]->toBytes() . $hash[1]->toBytes() . $hash[2]->toBytes() . $hash[3]->toBytes() .
+                $hash[4]->toBytes() . $hash[5]->toBytes();
+        if ($this->l != 48) {
+            $temp.= $hash[6]->toBytes() . $hash[7]->toBytes();
+        }
+
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Right Rotate
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $int
+     * @param Integer $amt
+     * @see _sha256()
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function _rightRotate($int, $amt)
+    {
+        $invamt = 32 - $amt;
+        $mask = (1 << $invamt) - 1;
+        return (($int << $invamt) & 0xFFFFFFFF) | (($int >> $amt) & $mask);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Right Shift
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $int
+     * @param Integer $amt
+     * @see _sha256()
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function _rightShift($int, $amt)
+    {
+        $mask = (1 << (32 - $amt)) - 1;
+        return ($int >> $amt) & $mask;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Not
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $int
+     * @see _sha256()
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function _not($int)
+    {
+        return ~$int & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Add
+     *
+     * _sha256() adds multiple unsigned 32-bit integers.  Since PHP doesn't support unsigned integers and since the
+     * possibility of overflow exists, care has to be taken.  Math_BigInteger() could be used but this should be faster.
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @see _sha256()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _add()
+    {
+        static $mod;
+        if (!isset($mod)) {
+            $mod = pow(2, 32);
+        }
+
+        $result = 0;
+        $arguments = func_get_args();
+        foreach ($arguments as $argument) {
+            $result+= $argument < 0 ? ($argument & 0x7FFFFFFF) + 0x80000000 : $argument;
+        }
+
+        return fmod($result, $mod);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..390108e04800c99bde2053ec924cb7a53fd8459e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/RC4.php
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of RC4.
+ *
+ * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Useful resources are as follows:
+ *
+ *  - {@link http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/draft-kaukonen-cipher-arcfour-03.txt ARCFOUR Algorithm}
+ *  - {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RC4 - Wikipedia: RC4}
+ *
+ * RC4 is also known as ARCFOUR or ARC4.  The reason is elaborated upon at Wikipedia.  This class is named RC4 and not
+ * ARCFOUR or ARC4 because RC4 is how it is refered to in the SSH1 specification.
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/RC4.php');
+ *
+ *    $rc4 = new Crypt_RC4();
+ *
+ *    $rc4->setKey('abcdefgh');
+ *
+ *    $size = 10 * 1024;
+ *    $plaintext = '';
+ *    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+ *        $plaintext.= 'a';
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $rc4->decrypt($rc4->encrypt($plaintext));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_RC4
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: RC4.php,v 1.8 2009/06/09 04:00:38 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_RC4::Crypt_RC4()
+ */
+/**
+ * Toggles the internal implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RC4_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT', 0);
+define('CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT', 1);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of RC4.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_RC4
+ */
+class Crypt_RC4 {
+    /**
+     * The Key
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $key = "\0";
+
+    /**
+     * The Key Stream for encryption
+     *
+     * If CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT, this will be equal to the mcrypt object
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryptStream = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The Key Stream for decryption
+     *
+     * If CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT, this will be equal to the mcrypt object
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decryptStream = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The $i and $j indexes for encryption
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryptIndex = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The $i and $j indexes for decryption
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decryptIndex = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The Encryption Algorithm
+     *
+     * Only used if CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT.  Only possible values are MCRYPT_RC4 or MCRYPT_ARCFOUR.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::Crypt_RC4()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mode;
+
+    /**
+     * Continuous Buffer status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $continuousBuffer = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.
+     *
+     * @return Crypt_RC4
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_RC4()
+    {
+        if ( !defined('CRYPT_RC4_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('mcrypt') && (defined('MCRYPT_ARCFOUR') || defined('MCRYPT_RC4')) && in_array('arcfour', mcrypt_list_algorithms()):
+                    define('CRYPT_RC4_MODE', CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_RC4_MODE', CRYPT_RC4_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch ( CRYPT_RC4_MODE ) {
+            case CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT:
+                switch (true) {
+                    case defined('MCRYPT_ARCFOUR'):
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_ARCFOUR;
+                        break;
+                    case defined('MCRYPT_RC4');
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_RC4;
+                }
+                $this->encryptStream = mcrypt_module_open($this->mode, '', MCRYPT_MODE_STREAM, '');
+                $this->decryptStream = mcrypt_module_open($this->mode, '', MCRYPT_MODE_STREAM, '');
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key.
+     *
+     * Keys can be between 1 and 256 bytes long.  If they are longer then 256 bytes, the first 256 bytes will
+     * be used.  If no key is explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be a single null byte.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     */
+    function setKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->key = $key;
+
+        if ( CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->encryptStream, $this->key, '');
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->decryptStream, $this->key, '');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $keyLength = strlen($key);
+        $keyStream = array();
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+            $keyStream[$i] = $i;
+        }
+        $j = 0;
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+            $j = ($j + $keyStream[$i] + ord($key[$i % $keyLength])) & 255;
+            $temp = $keyStream[$i];
+            $keyStream[$i] = $keyStream[$j];
+            $keyStream[$j] = $temp;
+        }
+
+        $this->encryptIndex = $this->decryptIndex = array(0, 0);
+        $this->encryptStream = $this->decryptStream = $keyStream;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the password.
+     *
+     * Depending on what $method is set to, setPassword()'s (optional) parameters are as follows:
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2 pbkdf2}:
+     *         $hash, $salt, $count, $dkLen
+     *
+     * @param String $password
+     * @param optional String $method
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setPassword($password, $method = 'pbkdf2')
+    {
+        $key = '';
+
+        switch ($method) {
+            default: // 'pbkdf2'
+                list(, , $hash, $salt, $count) = func_get_args();
+                if (!isset($hash)) {
+                    $hash = 'sha1';
+                }
+                // WPA and WPA2 use the SSID as the salt
+                if (!isset($salt)) {
+                    $salt = 'phpseclib/salt';
+                }
+                // RFC2898#section-4.2 uses 1,000 iterations by default
+                // WPA and WPA2 use 4,096.
+                if (!isset($count)) {
+                    $count = 1000;
+                }
+                if (!isset($dkLen)) {
+                    $dkLen = 128;
+                }
+
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+                }
+
+                $i = 1;
+                while (strlen($key) < $dkLen) {
+                    //$dk.= $this->_pbkdf($password, $salt, $count, $i++);
+                    $hmac = new Crypt_Hash();
+                    $hmac->setHash($hash);
+                    $hmac->setKey($password);
+                    $f = $u = $hmac->hash($salt . pack('N', $i++));
+                    for ($j = 2; $j <= $count; $j++) {
+                        $u = $hmac->hash($u);
+                        $f^= $u;
+                    }
+                    $key.= $f;
+                }
+        }
+
+        $this->setKey(substr($key, 0, $dkLen));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dummy function.
+     *
+     * Some protocols, such as WEP, prepend an "initialization vector" to the key, effectively creating a new key [1].
+     * If you need to use an initialization vector in this manner, feel free to prepend it to the key, yourself, before
+     * calling setKey().
+     *
+     * [1] WEP's initialization vectors (IV's) are used in a somewhat insecure way.  Since, in that protocol,
+     * the IV's are relatively easy to predict, an attack described by
+     * {@link http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/IEEE/rc4_ksaproc.pdf Scott Fluhrer, Itsik Mantin, and Adi Shamir}
+     * can be used to quickly guess at the rest of the key.  The following links elaborate:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2009 http://www.rsa.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=2009}
+     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related_key_attack http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Related_key_attack}
+     *
+     * @param String $iv
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::setKey()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setIV($iv)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a message.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        return $this->_crypt($plaintext, CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * $this->decrypt($this->encrypt($plaintext)) == $this->encrypt($this->encrypt($plaintext)).
+     * Atleast if the continuous buffer is disabled.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::_crypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $ciphertext
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        return $this->_crypt($ciphertext, CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts or decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::encrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::decrypt()
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $text
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     */
+    function _crypt($text, $mode)
+    {
+        if ( CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            $keyStream = $mode == CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT ? 'encryptStream' : 'decryptStream';
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->$keyStream, $this->key, '');
+            }
+
+            return mcrypt_generic($this->$keyStream, $text);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->encryptStream === false) {
+            $this->setKey($this->key);
+        }
+
+        switch ($mode) {
+            case CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT:
+                $keyStream = $this->encryptStream;
+                list($i, $j) = $this->encryptIndex;
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT:
+                $keyStream = $this->decryptStream;
+                list($i, $j) = $this->decryptIndex;
+        }
+
+        $newText = '';
+        for ($k = 0; $k < strlen($text); $k++) {
+            $i = ($i + 1) & 255;
+            $j = ($j + $keyStream[$i]) & 255;
+            $temp = $keyStream[$i];
+            $keyStream[$i] = $keyStream[$j];
+            $keyStream[$j] = $temp;
+            $temp = $keyStream[($keyStream[$i] + $keyStream[$j]) & 255];
+            $newText.= chr(ord($text[$k]) ^ $temp);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+            switch ($mode) {
+                case CRYPT_RC4_ENCRYPT:
+                    $this->encryptStream = $keyStream;
+                    $this->encryptIndex = array($i, $j);
+                    break;
+                case CRYPT_RC4_DECRYPT:
+                    $this->decryptStream = $keyStream;
+                    $this->decryptIndex = array($i, $j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $newText;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive "packets" as if they are a continuous buffer.
+     *
+     * Say you have a 16-byte plaintext $plaintext.  Using the default behavior, the two following code snippets
+     * will yield different outputs:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $rc4->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 8));
+     *    echo $rc4->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $rc4->encrypt($plaintext);
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The solution is to enable the continuous buffer.  Although this will resolve the above discrepancy, it creates
+     * another, as demonstrated with the following:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    $rc4->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 8));
+     *    echo $rc4->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8)));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $rc4->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8)));
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * With the continuous buffer disabled, these would yield the same output.  With it enabled, they yield different
+     * outputs.  The reason is due to the fact that the initialization vector's change after every encryption /
+     * decryption round when the continuous buffer is enabled.  When it's disabled, they remain constant.
+     *
+     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the Crypt_DES() object changes after each
+     * encryption / decryption round, whereas otherwise, it'd remain constant.  For this reason, it's recommended that
+     * continuous buffers not be used.  They do offer better security and are, in fact, sometimes required (SSH uses them),
+     * however, they are also less intuitive and more likely to cause you problems.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        if ( CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->encryptStream, $this->key, '');
+            mcrypt_generic_init($this->decryptStream, $this->key, '');
+        }
+
+        $this->continuousBuffer = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive packets as if they are a discontinuous buffer.
+     *
+     * The default behavior.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        if ( CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_INTERNAL ) {
+            $this->encryptIndex = $this->decryptIndex = array(0, 0);
+            $this->encryptStream = $this->decryptStream = false;
+        }
+
+        $this->continuousBuffer = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dummy function.
+     *
+     * Since RC4 is a stream cipher and not a block cipher, no padding is necessary.  The only reason this function is
+     * included is so that you can switch between a block cipher and a stream cipher transparently.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::disablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enablePadding()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dummy function.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RC4::enablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disablePadding()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Class destructor.
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, if you're using PHP5.  If you're using PHP4, call it yourself.  Only really
+     * needs to be called if mcrypt is being used.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __destruct()
+    {
+        if ( CRYPT_RC4_MODE == CRYPT_RC4_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            $this->_closeMCrypt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Properly close the MCrypt objects.
+     *
+     * @access prviate
+     */
+    function _closeMCrypt()
+    {
+        mcrypt_module_close($this->encryptStream);
+        mcrypt_module_close($this->decryptStream);
+    }
+}
+
+// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
+// vim6: fdl=1:
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db1ba1581b684001eaadad51f2bc086171036746
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/RSA.php
@@ -0,0 +1,2646 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP PKCS#1 (v2.1) compliant implementation of RSA.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Here's an example of how to encrypt and decrypt text with this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/RSA.php');
+ *
+ *    $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
+ *    extract($rsa->createKey());
+ *
+ *    $plaintext = 'terrafrost';
+ *
+ *    $rsa->loadKey($privatekey);
+ *    $ciphertext = $rsa->encrypt($plaintext);
+ *
+ *    $rsa->loadKey($publickey);
+ *    echo $rsa->decrypt($ciphertext);
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * Here's an example of how to create signatures and verify signatures with this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/RSA.php');
+ *
+ *    $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
+ *    extract($rsa->createKey());
+ *
+ *    $plaintext = 'terrafrost';
+ *
+ *    $rsa->loadKey($privatekey);
+ *    $signature = $rsa->sign($plaintext);
+ *
+ *    $rsa->loadKey($publickey);
+ *    echo $rsa->verify($plaintext, $signature) ? 'verified' : 'unverified';
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_RSA
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMIX Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: RSA.php,v 1.19 2010/09/12 21:58:54 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Math_BigInteger
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
+    require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Random
+ */
+// the class_exists() will only be called if the crypt_random_string function hasn't been defined and
+// will trigger a call to __autoload() if you're wanting to auto-load classes
+// call function_exists() a second time to stop the require_once from being called outside
+// of the auto loader
+if (!function_exists('crypt_random_string') && !class_exists('Crypt_Random') && !function_exists('crypt_random_string')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/Random.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Hash
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+}
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::encrypt()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::decrypt()
+ */
+/**
+ * Use {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding}
+ * (OAEP) for encryption / decryption.
+ *
+ * Uses sha1 by default.
+ *
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setHash()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setMGFHash()
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP',  1);
+/**
+ * Use PKCS#1 padding.
+ *
+ * Although CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP offers more security, including PKCS#1 padding is necessary for purposes of backwards
+ * compatability with protocols (like SSH-1) written before OAEP's introduction.
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::sign()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::verify()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setHash()
+ */
+/**
+ * Use the Probabilistic Signature Scheme for signing
+ *
+ * Uses sha1 by default.
+ *
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setSaltLength()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setMGFHash()
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS',  1);
+/**
+ * Use the PKCS#1 scheme by default.
+ *
+ * Although CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS offers more security, including PKCS#1 signing is necessary for purposes of backwards
+ * compatability with protocols (like SSH-2) written before PSS's introduction.
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
+ */
+/**
+ * ASN1 Integer
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER',   2);
+/**
+ * ASN1 Bit String
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_BITSTRING', 3); 
+/**
+ * ASN1 Sequence (with the constucted bit set)
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE', 48);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::Crypt_RSA()
+ */
+/**
+ * To use the pure-PHP implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * To use the OpenSSL library
+ *
+ * (if enabled; otherwise, the internal implementation will be used)
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Default openSSL configuration file.
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_OPENSSL_CONFIG', dirname(__FILE__) . '/../openssl.cnf');
+
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setPrivateKeyFormat()
+ */
+/**
+ * PKCS#1 formatted private key
+ *
+ * Used by OpenSSH
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1', 0);
+/**
+ * PuTTY formatted private key
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY', 1);
+/**
+ * XML formatted private key
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
+ * @see Crypt_RSA::setPublicKeyFormat()
+ */
+/**
+ * Raw public key
+ *
+ * An array containing two Math_BigInteger objects.
+ *
+ * The exponent can be indexed with any of the following:
+ *
+ * 0, e, exponent, publicExponent
+ *
+ * The modulus can be indexed with any of the following:
+ *
+ * 1, n, modulo, modulus
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW', 3);
+/**
+ * PKCS#1 formatted public key (raw)
+ *
+ * Used by File/X509.php
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1_RAW', 4);
+/**
+ * XML formatted public key
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML', 5);
+/**
+ * OpenSSH formatted public key
+ *
+ * Place in $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH', 6);
+/**
+ * PKCS#1 formatted public key (encapsulated)
+ *
+ * Used by PHP's openssl_public_encrypt() and openssl's rsautl (when -pubin is set)
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1', 7);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP PKCS#1 compliant implementation of RSA.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_RSA
+ */
+class Crypt_RSA {
+    /**
+     * Precomputed Zero
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $zero;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed One
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $one;
+
+    /**
+     * Private Key Format
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $privateKeyFormat = CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1;
+
+    /**
+     * Public Key Format
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $publicKeyFormat = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1;
+
+    /**
+     * Modulus (ie. n)
+     *
+     * @var Math_BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $modulus;
+
+    /**
+     * Modulus length
+     *
+     * @var Math_BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $k;
+
+    /**
+     * Exponent (ie. e or d)
+     *
+     * @var Math_BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $exponent;
+
+    /**
+     * Primes for Chinese Remainder Theorem (ie. p and q)
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $primes;
+
+    /**
+     * Exponents for Chinese Remainder Theorem (ie. dP and dQ)
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $exponents;
+
+    /**
+     * Coefficients for Chinese Remainder Theorem (ie. qInv)
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $coefficients;
+
+    /**
+     * Hash name
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hashName;
+
+    /**
+     * Hash function
+     *
+     * @var Crypt_Hash
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hash;
+
+    /**
+     * Length of hash function output
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hLen;
+
+    /**
+     * Length of salt
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $sLen;
+
+    /**
+     * Hash function for the Mask Generation Function
+     *
+     * @var Crypt_Hash
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mgfHash;
+
+    /**
+     * Length of MGF hash function output
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mgfHLen;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption mode
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryptionMode = CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP;
+
+    /**
+     * Signature mode
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signatureMode = CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS;
+
+    /**
+     * Public Exponent
+     *
+     * @var Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $publicExponent = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Password
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $password = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Components
+     *
+     * For use with parsing XML formatted keys.  PHP's XML Parser functions use utilized - instead of PHP's DOM functions -
+     * because PHP's XML Parser functions work on PHP4 whereas PHP's DOM functions - although surperior - don't.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RSA::_start_element_handler()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $components = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Current String
+     *
+     * For use with parsing XML formatted keys.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_RSA::_character_handler()
+     * @see Crypt_RSA::_stop_element_handler()
+     * @var Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $current;
+
+    /**
+     * OpenSSL configuration file name.
+     *
+     * Set to NULL to use system configuration file.
+     * @see Crypt_RSA::createKey()
+     * @var Mixed
+     * @Access public
+     */
+    var $configFile;
+
+    /**
+     * The constructor
+     *
+     * If you want to make use of the openssl extension, you'll need to set the mode manually, yourself.  The reason
+     * Crypt_RSA doesn't do it is because OpenSSL doesn't fail gracefully.  openssl_pkey_new(), in particular, requires
+     * openssl.cnf be present somewhere and, unfortunately, the only real way to find out is too late.
+     *
+     * @return Crypt_RSA
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_RSA()
+    {
+        $this->configFile = CRYPT_RSA_OPENSSL_CONFIG;
+
+        if ( !defined('CRYPT_RSA_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('openssl') && version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '4.2.0', '>='):
+                    define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_RSA_MODE', CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!defined('CRYPT_RSA_COMMENT')) {
+            define('CRYPT_RSA_COMMENT', 'phpseclib-generated-key');
+        }
+
+        $this->zero = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $this->one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+
+        $this->hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+        $this->hLen = $this->hash->getLength();
+        $this->hashName = 'sha1';
+        $this->mgfHash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+        $this->mgfHLen = $this->mgfHash->getLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create public / private key pair
+     *
+     * Returns an array with the following three elements:
+     *  - 'privatekey': The private key.
+     *  - 'publickey':  The public key.
+     *  - 'partialkey': A partially computed key (if the execution time exceeded $timeout).
+     *                  Will need to be passed back to Crypt_RSA::createKey() as the third parameter for further processing.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param optional Integer $bits
+     * @param optional Integer $timeout
+     * @param optional Math_BigInteger $p
+     */
+    function createKey($bits = 1024, $timeout = false, $partial = array())
+    {
+        if (!defined('CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT')) {
+            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65537_%28number%29
+            define('CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT', '65537');
+        }
+        // per <http://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~hovav/dist/survey.pdf#page=5>, this number ought not result in primes smaller
+        // than 256 bits. as a consequence if the key you're trying to create is 1024 bits and you've set CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME
+        // to 384 bits then you're going to get a 384 bit prime and a 640 bit prime (384 + 1024 % 384). at least if
+        // CRYPT_RSA_MODE is set to CRYPT_RSA_MODE_INTERNAL. if CRYPT_RSA_MODE is set to CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL then
+        // CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME is ignored (ie. multi-prime RSA support is more intended as a way to speed up RSA key
+        // generation when there's a chance neither gmp nor OpenSSL are installed)
+        if (!defined('CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME')) {
+            define('CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME', 4096);
+        }
+
+        // OpenSSL uses 65537 as the exponent and requires RSA keys be 384 bits minimum
+        if ( CRYPT_RSA_MODE == CRYPT_RSA_MODE_OPENSSL && $bits >= 384 && CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT == 65537) {
+            $config = array();
+            if (isset($this->configFile)) {
+                $config['config'] = $this->configFile;
+            }
+            $rsa = openssl_pkey_new(array('private_key_bits' => $bits) + $config);
+            openssl_pkey_export($rsa, $privatekey, NULL, $config);
+            $publickey = openssl_pkey_get_details($rsa);
+            $publickey = $publickey['key'];
+
+            $privatekey = call_user_func_array(array($this, '_convertPrivateKey'), array_values($this->_parseKey($privatekey, CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1)));
+            $publickey = call_user_func_array(array($this, '_convertPublicKey'), array_values($this->_parseKey($publickey, CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)));
+
+            // clear the buffer of error strings stemming from a minimalistic openssl.cnf
+            while (openssl_error_string() !== false);
+
+            return array(
+                'privatekey' => $privatekey,
+                'publickey' => $publickey,
+                'partialkey' => false
+            );
+        }
+
+        static $e;
+        if (!isset($e)) {
+            $e = new Math_BigInteger(CRYPT_RSA_EXPONENT);
+        }
+
+        extract($this->_generateMinMax($bits));
+        $absoluteMin = $min;
+        $temp = $bits >> 1; // divide by two to see how many bits P and Q would be
+        if ($temp > CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME) {
+            $num_primes = floor($bits / CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME);
+            $temp = CRYPT_RSA_SMALLEST_PRIME;
+        } else {
+            $num_primes = 2;
+        }
+        extract($this->_generateMinMax($temp + $bits % $temp));
+        $finalMax = $max;
+        extract($this->_generateMinMax($temp));
+
+        $generator = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+        $n = $this->one->copy();
+        if (!empty($partial)) {
+            extract(unserialize($partial));
+        } else {
+            $exponents = $coefficients = $primes = array();
+            $lcm = array(
+                'top' => $this->one->copy(),
+                'bottom' => false
+            );
+        }
+
+        $start = time();
+        $i0 = count($primes) + 1;
+
+        do {
+            for ($i = $i0; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                if ($timeout !== false) {
+                    $timeout-= time() - $start;
+                    $start = time();
+                    if ($timeout <= 0) {
+                        return array(
+                            'privatekey' => '',
+                            'publickey'  => '',
+                            'partialkey' => serialize(array(
+                                'primes' => $primes,
+                                'coefficients' => $coefficients,
+                                'lcm' => $lcm,
+                                'exponents' => $exponents
+                            ))
+                        );
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ($i == $num_primes) {
+                    list($min, $temp) = $absoluteMin->divide($n);
+                    if (!$temp->equals($this->zero)) {
+                        $min = $min->add($this->one); // ie. ceil()
+                    }
+                    $primes[$i] = $generator->randomPrime($min, $finalMax, $timeout);
+                } else {
+                    $primes[$i] = $generator->randomPrime($min, $max, $timeout);
+                }
+
+                if ($primes[$i] === false) { // if we've reached the timeout
+                    if (count($primes) > 1) {
+                        $partialkey = '';
+                    } else {
+                        array_pop($primes);
+                        $partialkey = serialize(array(
+                            'primes' => $primes,
+                            'coefficients' => $coefficients,
+                            'lcm' => $lcm,
+                            'exponents' => $exponents
+                        ));
+                    }
+
+                    return array(
+                        'privatekey' => '',
+                        'publickey'  => '',
+                        'partialkey' => $partialkey
+                    );
+                }
+
+                // the first coefficient is calculated differently from the rest
+                // ie. instead of being $primes[1]->modInverse($primes[2]), it's $primes[2]->modInverse($primes[1])
+                if ($i > 2) {
+                    $coefficients[$i] = $n->modInverse($primes[$i]);
+                }
+
+                $n = $n->multiply($primes[$i]);
+
+                $temp = $primes[$i]->subtract($this->one);
+
+                // textbook RSA implementations use Euler's totient function instead of the least common multiple.
+                // see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_totient_function
+                $lcm['top'] = $lcm['top']->multiply($temp);
+                $lcm['bottom'] = $lcm['bottom'] === false ? $temp : $lcm['bottom']->gcd($temp);
+
+                $exponents[$i] = $e->modInverse($temp);
+            }
+
+            list($lcm) = $lcm['top']->divide($lcm['bottom']);
+            $gcd = $lcm->gcd($e);
+            $i0 = 1;
+        } while (!$gcd->equals($this->one));
+
+        $d = $e->modInverse($lcm);
+
+        $coefficients[2] = $primes[2]->modInverse($primes[1]);
+
+        // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-A.1.2>:
+        // RSAPrivateKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+        //     version           Version,
+        //     modulus           INTEGER,  -- n
+        //     publicExponent    INTEGER,  -- e
+        //     privateExponent   INTEGER,  -- d
+        //     prime1            INTEGER,  -- p
+        //     prime2            INTEGER,  -- q
+        //     exponent1         INTEGER,  -- d mod (p-1)
+        //     exponent2         INTEGER,  -- d mod (q-1)
+        //     coefficient       INTEGER,  -- (inverse of q) mod p
+        //     otherPrimeInfos   OtherPrimeInfos OPTIONAL
+        // }
+
+        return array(
+            'privatekey' => $this->_convertPrivateKey($n, $e, $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients),
+            'publickey'  => $this->_convertPublicKey($n, $e),
+            'partialkey' => false
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a private key to the appropriate format.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @see setPrivateKeyFormat()
+     * @param String $RSAPrivateKey
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _convertPrivateKey($n, $e, $d, $primes, $exponents, $coefficients)
+    {
+        $num_primes = count($primes);
+        $raw = array(
+            'version' => $num_primes == 2 ? chr(0) : chr(1), // two-prime vs. multi
+            'modulus' => $n->toBytes(true),
+            'publicExponent' => $e->toBytes(true),
+            'privateExponent' => $d->toBytes(true),
+            'prime1' => $primes[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'prime2' => $primes[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent1' => $exponents[1]->toBytes(true),
+            'exponent2' => $exponents[2]->toBytes(true),
+            'coefficient' => $coefficients[2]->toBytes(true)
+        );
+
+        // if the format in question does not support multi-prime rsa and multi-prime rsa was used,
+        // call _convertPublicKey() instead.
+        switch ($this->privateKeyFormat) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML:
+                if ($num_primes != 2) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return "<RSAKeyValue>\r\n" .
+                       '  <Modulus>' . base64_encode($raw['modulus']) . "</Modulus>\r\n" .
+                       '  <Exponent>' . base64_encode($raw['publicExponent']) . "</Exponent>\r\n" .
+                       '  <P>' . base64_encode($raw['prime1']) . "</P>\r\n" .
+                       '  <Q>' . base64_encode($raw['prime2']) . "</Q>\r\n" .
+                       '  <DP>' . base64_encode($raw['exponent1']) . "</DP>\r\n" .
+                       '  <DQ>' . base64_encode($raw['exponent2']) . "</DQ>\r\n" .
+                       '  <InverseQ>' . base64_encode($raw['coefficient']) . "</InverseQ>\r\n" .
+                       '  <D>' . base64_encode($raw['privateExponent']) . "</D>\r\n" .
+                       '</RSAKeyValue>';
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY:
+                if ($num_primes != 2) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $key = "PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: ssh-rsa\r\nEncryption: ";
+                $encryption = (!empty($this->password) || is_string($this->password)) ? 'aes256-cbc' : 'none';
+                $key.= $encryption;
+                $key.= "\r\nComment: " . CRYPT_RSA_COMMENT . "\r\n";
+                $public = pack('Na*Na*Na*',
+                    strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($raw['publicExponent']), $raw['publicExponent'], strlen($raw['modulus']), $raw['modulus']
+                );
+                $source = pack('Na*Na*Na*Na*',
+                              strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($encryption), $encryption,
+                              strlen(CRYPT_RSA_COMMENT), CRYPT_RSA_COMMENT, strlen($public), $public
+                );
+                $public = base64_encode($public);
+                $key.= "Public-Lines: " . ((strlen($public) + 32) >> 6) . "\r\n";
+                $key.= chunk_split($public, 64);
+                $private = pack('Na*Na*Na*Na*',
+                    strlen($raw['privateExponent']), $raw['privateExponent'], strlen($raw['prime1']), $raw['prime1'],
+                    strlen($raw['prime2']), $raw['prime2'], strlen($raw['coefficient']), $raw['coefficient']
+                );
+                if (empty($this->password) && !is_string($this->password)) {
+                    $source.= pack('Na*', strlen($private), $private);
+                    $hashkey = 'putty-private-key-file-mac-key';
+                } else {
+                    $private.= crypt_random_string(16 - (strlen($private) & 15));
+                    $source.= pack('Na*', strlen($private), $private);
+                    if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
+                        require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
+                    }
+                    $sequence = 0;
+                    $symkey = '';
+                    while (strlen($symkey) < 32) {
+                        $temp = pack('Na*', $sequence++, $this->password);
+                        $symkey.= pack('H*', sha1($temp));
+                    }
+                    $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 32);
+                    $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
+
+                    $crypto->setKey($symkey);
+                    $crypto->disablePadding();
+                    $private = $crypto->encrypt($private);
+                    $hashkey = 'putty-private-key-file-mac-key' . $this->password;
+                }
+
+                $private = base64_encode($private);
+                $key.= 'Private-Lines: ' . ((strlen($private) + 32) >> 6) . "\r\n";
+                $key.= chunk_split($private, 64);
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+                }
+                $hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+                $hash->setKey(pack('H*', sha1($hashkey)));
+                $key.= 'Private-MAC: ' . bin2hex($hash->hash($source)) . "\r\n";
+
+                return $key;
+            default: // eg. CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1
+                $components = array();
+                foreach ($raw as $name => $value) {
+                    $components[$name] = pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($value)), $value);
+                }
+
+                $RSAPrivateKey = implode('', $components);
+
+                if ($num_primes > 2) {
+                    $OtherPrimeInfos = '';
+                    for ($i = 3; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                        // OtherPrimeInfos ::= SEQUENCE SIZE(1..MAX) OF OtherPrimeInfo
+                        //
+                        // OtherPrimeInfo ::= SEQUENCE {
+                        //     prime             INTEGER,  -- ri
+                        //     exponent          INTEGER,  -- di
+                        //     coefficient       INTEGER   -- ti
+                        // }
+                        $OtherPrimeInfo = pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($primes[$i]->toBytes(true))), $primes[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                        $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($exponents[$i]->toBytes(true))), $exponents[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                        $OtherPrimeInfo.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true))), $coefficients[$i]->toBytes(true));
+                        $OtherPrimeInfos.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfo)), $OtherPrimeInfo);
+                    }
+                    $RSAPrivateKey.= pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($OtherPrimeInfos)), $OtherPrimeInfos);
+                }
+
+                $RSAPrivateKey = pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPrivateKey)), $RSAPrivateKey);
+
+                if (!empty($this->password) || is_string($this->password)) {
+                    $iv = crypt_random_string(8);
+                    $symkey = pack('H*', md5($this->password . $iv)); // symkey is short for symmetric key
+                    $symkey.= substr(pack('H*', md5($symkey . $this->password . $iv)), 0, 8);
+                    if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
+                        require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+                    }
+                    $des = new Crypt_TripleDES();
+                    $des->setKey($symkey);
+                    $des->setIV($iv);
+                    $iv = strtoupper(bin2hex($iv));
+                    $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
+                                     "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\r\n" .
+                                     "DEK-Info: DES-EDE3-CBC,$iv\r\n" .
+                                     "\r\n" .
+                                     chunk_split(base64_encode($des->encrypt($RSAPrivateKey)), 64) .
+                                     '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
+                } else {
+                    $RSAPrivateKey = "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\r\n" .
+                                     chunk_split(base64_encode($RSAPrivateKey), 64) .
+                                     '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----';
+                }
+
+                return $RSAPrivateKey;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convert a public key to the appropriate format
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @see setPublicKeyFormat()
+     * @param String $RSAPrivateKey
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _convertPublicKey($n, $e)
+    {
+        $modulus = $n->toBytes(true);
+        $publicExponent = $e->toBytes(true);
+
+        switch ($this->publicKeyFormat) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW:
+                return array('e' => $e->copy(), 'n' => $n->copy());
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML:
+                return "<RSAKeyValue>\r\n" .
+                       '  <Modulus>' . base64_encode($modulus) . "</Modulus>\r\n" .
+                       '  <Exponent>' . base64_encode($publicExponent) . "</Exponent>\r\n" .
+                       '</RSAKeyValue>';
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH:
+                // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#page-15>:
+                // string    "ssh-rsa"
+                // mpint     e
+                // mpint     n
+                $RSAPublicKey = pack('Na*Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publicExponent), $publicExponent, strlen($modulus), $modulus);
+                $RSAPublicKey = 'ssh-rsa ' . base64_encode($RSAPublicKey) . ' ' . CRYPT_RSA_COMMENT;
+
+                return $RSAPublicKey;
+            default: // eg. CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1_RAW or CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1
+                // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-A.1.1>:
+                // RSAPublicKey ::= SEQUENCE {
+                //     modulus           INTEGER,  -- n
+                //     publicExponent    INTEGER   -- e
+                // }
+                $components = array(
+                    'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($modulus)), $modulus),
+                    'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($publicExponent)), $publicExponent)
+                );
+
+                $RSAPublicKey = pack('Ca*a*a*',
+                    CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
+                    $components['modulus'], $components['publicExponent']
+                );
+
+                if ($this->publicKeyFormat == CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1) {
+                    // sequence(oid(1.2.840.113549.1.1.1), null)) = rsaEncryption.
+                    $rsaOID = pack('H*', '300d06092a864886f70d0101010500'); // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
+                    $RSAPublicKey = chr(0) . $RSAPublicKey;
+                    $RSAPublicKey = chr(3) . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($RSAPublicKey)) . $RSAPublicKey;
+
+                    $RSAPublicKey = pack('Ca*a*',
+                        CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE, $this->_encodeLength(strlen($rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey)), $rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey
+                    );
+                }
+
+                $RSAPublicKey = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
+                                 chunk_split(base64_encode($RSAPublicKey), 64) .
+                                 '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
+
+                return $RSAPublicKey;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Break a public or private key down into its constituant components
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @see _convertPublicKey()
+     * @see _convertPrivateKey()
+     * @param String $key
+     * @param Integer $type
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _parseKey($key, $type)
+    {
+        if ($type != CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW && !is_string($key)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW:
+                if (!is_array($key)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $components = array();
+                switch (true) {
+                    case isset($key['e']):
+                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key['e']->copy();
+                        break;
+                    case isset($key['exponent']):
+                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key['exponent']->copy();
+                        break;
+                    case isset($key['publicExponent']):
+                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key['publicExponent']->copy();
+                        break;
+                    case isset($key[0]):
+                        $components['publicExponent'] = $key[0]->copy();
+                }
+                switch (true) {
+                    case isset($key['n']):
+                        $components['modulus'] = $key['n']->copy();
+                        break;
+                    case isset($key['modulo']):
+                        $components['modulus'] = $key['modulo']->copy();
+                        break;
+                    case isset($key['modulus']):
+                        $components['modulus'] = $key['modulus']->copy();
+                        break;
+                    case isset($key[1]):
+                        $components['modulus'] = $key[1]->copy();
+                }
+                return isset($components['modulus']) && isset($components['publicExponent']) ? $components : false;
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1:
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1:
+                /* Although PKCS#1 proposes a format that public and private keys can use, encrypting them is
+                   "outside the scope" of PKCS#1.  PKCS#1 then refers you to PKCS#12 and PKCS#15 if you're wanting to
+                   protect private keys, however, that's not what OpenSSL* does.  OpenSSL protects private keys by adding
+                   two new "fields" to the key - DEK-Info and Proc-Type.  These fields are discussed here:
+
+                   http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421#section-4.6.1.1
+                   http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421#section-4.6.1.3
+
+                   DES-EDE3-CBC as an algorithm, however, is not discussed anywhere, near as I can tell.
+                   DES-CBC and DES-EDE are discussed in RFC1423, however, DES-EDE3-CBC isn't, nor is its key derivation
+                   function.  As is, the definitive authority on this encoding scheme isn't the IETF but rather OpenSSL's
+                   own implementation.  ie. the implementation *is* the standard and any bugs that may exist in that 
+                   implementation are part of the standard, as well.
+
+                   * OpenSSL is the de facto standard.  It's utilized by OpenSSH and other projects */
+                if (preg_match('#DEK-Info: (.+),(.+)#', $key, $matches)) {
+                    $iv = pack('H*', trim($matches[2]));
+                    $symkey = pack('H*', md5($this->password . substr($iv, 0, 8))); // symkey is short for symmetric key
+                    $symkey.= substr(pack('H*', md5($symkey . $this->password . $iv)), 0, 8);
+                    $ciphertext = preg_replace('#.+(\r|\n|\r\n)\1|[\r\n]|-.+-| #s', '', $key);
+                    $ciphertext = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $ciphertext) ? base64_decode($ciphertext) : false;
+                    if ($ciphertext === false) {
+                        $ciphertext = $key;
+                    }
+                    switch ($matches[1]) {
+                        case 'AES-128-CBC':
+                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
+                                require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
+                            }
+                            $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 16);
+                            $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
+                            break;
+                        case 'DES-EDE3-CFB':
+                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
+                                require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+                            }
+                            $crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB);
+                            break;
+                        case 'DES-EDE3-CBC':
+                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
+                                require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+                            }
+                            $crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES();
+                            break;
+                        case 'DES-CBC':
+                            if (!class_exists('Crypt_DES')) {
+                                require_once('Crypt/DES.php');
+                            }
+                            $crypto = new Crypt_DES();
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            return false;
+                    }
+                    $crypto->setKey($symkey);
+                    $crypto->setIV($iv);
+                    $decoded = $crypto->decrypt($ciphertext);
+                } else {
+                    $decoded = preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]| #', '', $key);
+                    $decoded = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $decoded) ? base64_decode($decoded) : false;
+                }
+
+                if ($decoded !== false) {
+                    $key = $decoded;
+                }
+
+                $components = array();
+
+                if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                if ($this->_decodeLength($key) != strlen($key)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $tag = ord($this->_string_shift($key));
+                /* intended for keys for which OpenSSL's asn1parse returns the following:
+
+                    0:d=0  hl=4 l= 631 cons: SEQUENCE
+                    4:d=1  hl=2 l=   1 prim:  INTEGER           :00
+                    7:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
+                    9:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption
+                   20:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
+                   22:d=1  hl=4 l= 609 prim:  OCTET STRING */
+
+                if ($tag == CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER && substr($key, 0, 3) == "\x01\x00\x30") {
+                    $this->_string_shift($key, 3);
+                    $tag = CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE;
+                }
+
+                if ($tag == CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                    /* intended for keys for which OpenSSL's asn1parse returns the following:
+
+                        0:d=0  hl=4 l= 290 cons: SEQUENCE
+                        4:d=1  hl=2 l=  13 cons:  SEQUENCE
+                        6:d=2  hl=2 l=   9 prim:   OBJECT            :rsaEncryption
+                       17:d=2  hl=2 l=   0 prim:   NULL
+                       19:d=1  hl=4 l= 271 prim:  BIT STRING */
+                    $this->_string_shift($key, $this->_decodeLength($key));
+                    $tag = ord($this->_string_shift($key)); // skip over the BIT STRING / OCTET STRING tag
+                    $this->_decodeLength($key); // skip over the BIT STRING / OCTET STRING length
+                    // "The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer wtih bit 1 as the least significant bit, the number of
+                    //  unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to seven."
+                    //  -- http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf (section 8.6.2.2)
+                    if ($tag == CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_BITSTRING) {
+                        $this->_string_shift($key);
+                    }
+                    if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    if ($this->_decodeLength($key) != strlen($key)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $tag = ord($this->_string_shift($key));
+                }
+                if ($tag != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $temp = $this->_string_shift($key, $length);
+                if (strlen($temp) != 1 || ord($temp) > 2) {
+                    $components['modulus'] = new Math_BigInteger($temp, 256);
+                    $this->_string_shift($key); // skip over CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER
+                    $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                    $components[$type == CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1 ? 'publicExponent' : 'privateExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+
+                    return $components;
+                }
+                if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_INTEGER) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['modulus'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['publicExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['privateExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['primes'] = array(1 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['primes'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['exponents'] = array(1 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['exponents'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                $this->_string_shift($key);
+                $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256));
+
+                if (!empty($key)) {
+                    if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                    while (!empty($key)) {
+                        if (ord($this->_string_shift($key)) != CRYPT_RSA_ASN1_SEQUENCE) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                        $key = substr($key, 1);
+                        $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                        $components['primes'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                        $this->_string_shift($key);
+                        $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                        $components['exponents'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                        $this->_string_shift($key);
+                        $length = $this->_decodeLength($key);
+                        $components['coefficients'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), 256);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return $components;
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH:
+                $key = base64_decode(preg_replace('#^ssh-rsa | .+$#', '', $key));
+                if ($key === false) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $cleanup = substr($key, 0, 11) == "\0\0\0\7ssh-rsa";
+
+                if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($key, 4)));
+                $publicExponent = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
+                if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($key, 4)));
+                $modulus = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
+
+                if ($cleanup && strlen($key)) {
+                    if (strlen($key) <= 4) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($key, 4)));
+                    $realModulus = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($key, $length), -256);
+                    return strlen($key) ? false : array(
+                        'modulus' => $realModulus,
+                        'publicExponent' => $modulus
+                    );
+                } else {
+                    return strlen($key) ? false : array(
+                        'modulus' => $modulus,
+                        'publicExponent' => $publicExponent
+                    );
+                }
+            // http://www.w3.org/TR/xmldsig-core/#sec-RSAKeyValue
+            // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML_Signature
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML:
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML:
+                $this->components = array();
+
+                $xml = xml_parser_create('UTF-8');
+                xml_set_object($xml, $this);
+                xml_set_element_handler($xml, '_start_element_handler', '_stop_element_handler');
+                xml_set_character_data_handler($xml, '_data_handler');
+                // add <xml></xml> to account for "dangling" tags like <BitStrength>...</BitStrength> that are sometimes added
+                if (!xml_parse($xml, '<xml>' . $key . '</xml>')) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                return isset($this->components['modulus']) && isset($this->components['publicExponent']) ? $this->components : false;
+            // from PuTTY's SSHPUBK.C
+            case CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY:
+                $components = array();
+                $key = preg_split('#\r\n|\r|\n#', $key);
+                $type = trim(preg_replace('#PuTTY-User-Key-File-2: (.+)#', '$1', $key[0]));
+                if ($type != 'ssh-rsa') {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $encryption = trim(preg_replace('#Encryption: (.+)#', '$1', $key[1]));
+
+                $publicLength = trim(preg_replace('#Public-Lines: (\d+)#', '$1', $key[3]));
+                $public = base64_decode(implode('', array_map('trim', array_slice($key, 4, $publicLength))));
+                $public = substr($public, 11);
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($public, 4)));
+                $components['publicExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($public, $length), -256);
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($public, 4)));
+                $components['modulus'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($public, $length), -256);
+
+                $privateLength = trim(preg_replace('#Private-Lines: (\d+)#', '$1', $key[$publicLength + 4]));
+                $private = base64_decode(implode('', array_map('trim', array_slice($key, $publicLength + 5, $privateLength))));
+
+                switch ($encryption) {
+                    case 'aes256-cbc':
+                        if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
+                            require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
+                        }
+                        $symkey = '';
+                        $sequence = 0;
+                        while (strlen($symkey) < 32) {
+                            $temp = pack('Na*', $sequence++, $this->password);
+                            $symkey.= pack('H*', sha1($temp));
+                        }
+                        $symkey = substr($symkey, 0, 32);
+                        $crypto = new Crypt_AES();
+                }
+
+                if ($encryption != 'none') {
+                    $crypto->setKey($symkey);
+                    $crypto->disablePadding();
+                    $private = $crypto->decrypt($private);
+                    if ($private === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
+                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $components['privateExponent'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256);
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
+                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $components['primes'] = array(1 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256));
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
+                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $components['primes'][] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256);
+
+                $temp = $components['primes'][1]->subtract($this->one);
+                $components['exponents'] = array(1 => $components['publicExponent']->modInverse($temp));
+                $temp = $components['primes'][2]->subtract($this->one);
+                $components['exponents'][] = $components['publicExponent']->modInverse($temp);
+
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($private, 4)));
+                if (strlen($private) < $length) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $components['coefficients'] = array(2 => new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($private, $length), -256));
+
+                return $components;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the key size
+     *
+     * More specifically, this returns the size of the modulo in bits.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function getSize()
+    {
+        return !isset($this->modulus) ? 0 : strlen($this->modulus->toBits());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Start Element Handler
+     *
+     * Called by xml_set_element_handler()
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Resource $parser
+     * @param String $name
+     * @param Array $attribs
+     */
+    function _start_element_handler($parser, $name, $attribs)
+    {
+        //$name = strtoupper($name);
+        switch ($name) {
+            case 'MODULUS':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['modulus'];
+                break;
+            case 'EXPONENT':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['publicExponent'];
+                break;
+            case 'P':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['primes'][1];
+                break;
+            case 'Q':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['primes'][2];
+                break;
+            case 'DP':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['exponents'][1];
+                break;
+            case 'DQ':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['exponents'][2];
+                break;
+            case 'INVERSEQ':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['coefficients'][2];
+                break;
+            case 'D':
+                $this->current = &$this->components['privateExponent'];
+                break;
+            default:
+                unset($this->current);
+        }
+        $this->current = '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Stop Element Handler
+     *
+     * Called by xml_set_element_handler()
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Resource $parser
+     * @param String $name
+     */
+    function _stop_element_handler($parser, $name)
+    {
+        //$name = strtoupper($name);
+        if ($name == 'RSAKEYVALUE') {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->current = new Math_BigInteger(base64_decode($this->current), 256);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Data Handler
+     *
+     * Called by xml_set_character_data_handler()
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Resource $parser
+     * @param String $data
+     */
+    function _data_handler($parser, $data)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->current) || is_object($this->current)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        $this->current.= trim($data);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads a public or private key
+     *
+     * Returns true on success and false on failure (ie. an incorrect password was provided or the key was malformed)
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     * @param Integer $type optional
+     */
+    function loadKey($key, $type = false)
+    {
+        if ($type === false) {
+            $types = array(
+                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_XML,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PUTTY,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH
+            );
+            foreach ($types as $type) {
+                $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+                if ($components !== false) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            
+        } else {
+            $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+        }
+
+        if ($components === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->modulus = $components['modulus'];
+        $this->k = strlen($this->modulus->toBytes());
+        $this->exponent = isset($components['privateExponent']) ? $components['privateExponent'] : $components['publicExponent'];
+        if (isset($components['primes'])) {
+            $this->primes = $components['primes'];
+            $this->exponents = $components['exponents'];
+            $this->coefficients = $components['coefficients'];
+            $this->publicExponent = $components['publicExponent'];
+        } else {
+            $this->primes = array();
+            $this->exponents = array();
+            $this->coefficients = array();
+            $this->publicExponent = false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the password
+     *
+     * Private keys can be encrypted with a password.  To unset the password, pass in the empty string or false.
+     * Or rather, pass in $password such that empty($password) && !is_string($password) is true.
+     *
+     * @see createKey()
+     * @see loadKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $password
+     */
+    function setPassword($password = false)
+    {
+        $this->password = $password;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Defines the public key
+     *
+     * Some private key formats define the public exponent and some don't.  Those that don't define it are problematic when
+     * used in certain contexts.  For example, in SSH-2, RSA authentication works by sending the public key along with a
+     * message signed by the private key to the server.  The SSH-2 server looks the public key up in an index of public keys
+     * and if it's present then proceeds to verify the signature.  Problem is, if your private key doesn't include the public
+     * exponent this won't work unless you manually add the public exponent.
+     *
+     * Do note that when a new key is loaded the index will be cleared.
+     *
+     * Returns true on success, false on failure
+     *
+     * @see getPublicKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key optional
+     * @param Integer $type optional
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setPublicKey($key = false, $type = false)
+    {
+        if ($key === false && !empty($this->modulus)) {
+            $this->publicExponent = $this->exponent;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if ($type === false) {
+            $types = array(
+                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_XML,
+                CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH
+            );
+            foreach ($types as $type) {
+                $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+                if ($components !== false) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            $components = $this->_parseKey($key, $type);
+        }
+
+        if ($components === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (empty($this->modulus) || !$this->modulus->equals($components['modulus'])) {
+            $this->modulus = $components['modulus'];
+            $this->exponent = $this->publicExponent = $components['publicExponent'];
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $this->publicExponent = $components['publicExponent'];
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the public key
+     *
+     * The public key is only returned under two circumstances - if the private key had the public key embedded within it
+     * or if the public key was set via setPublicKey().  If the currently loaded key is supposed to be the public key this
+     * function won't return it since this library, for the most part, doesn't distinguish between public and private keys.
+     *
+     * @see getPublicKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     * @param Integer $type optional
+     */
+    function getPublicKey($type = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->publicExponent)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $oldFormat = $this->publicKeyFormat;
+        $this->publicKeyFormat = $type;
+        $temp = $this->_convertPublicKey($this->modulus, $this->publicExponent);
+        $this->publicKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the private key
+     *
+     * The private key is only returned if the currently loaded key contains the constituent prime numbers.
+     *
+     * @see getPublicKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     * @param Integer $type optional
+     */
+    function getPrivateKey($type = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->primes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $oldFormat = $this->privateKeyFormat;
+        $this->privateKeyFormat = $type;
+        $temp = $this->_convertPrivateKey($this->modulus, $this->publicExponent, $this->exponent, $this->primes, $this->exponents, $this->coefficients);
+        $this->privateKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a minimalistic private key
+     *
+     * Returns the private key without the prime number constituants.  Structurally identical to a public key that
+     * hasn't been set as the public key
+     *
+     * @see getPrivateKey()
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $key
+     * @param Integer $type optional
+     */
+    function _getPrivatePublicKey($mode = CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->exponent)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $oldFormat = $this->publicKeyFormat;
+        $this->publicKeyFormat = $mode;
+        $temp = $this->_convertPublicKey($this->modulus, $this->exponent);
+        $this->publicKeyFormat = $oldFormat;
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  __toString() magic method
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __toString()
+    {
+        $key = $this->getPrivateKey($this->privateKeyFormat);
+        if ($key !== false) {
+            return $key;
+        }
+        $key = $this->_getPrivatePublicKey($this->publicKeyFormat);
+        return $key !== false ? $key : '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generates the smallest and largest numbers requiring $bits bits
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $bits
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _generateMinMax($bits)
+    {
+        $bytes = $bits >> 3;
+        $min = str_repeat(chr(0), $bytes);
+        $max = str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $bytes);
+        $msb = $bits & 7;
+        if ($msb) {
+            $min = chr(1 << ($msb - 1)) . $min;
+            $max = chr((1 << $msb) - 1) . $max;
+        } else {
+            $min[0] = chr(0x80);
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            'min' => new Math_BigInteger($min, 256),
+            'max' => new Math_BigInteger($max, 256)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-decode the length
+     *
+     * DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4.  See
+     * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 � 8.1.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $string
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function _decodeLength(&$string)
+    {
+        $length = ord($this->_string_shift($string));
+        if ( $length & 0x80 ) { // definite length, long form
+            $length&= 0x7F;
+            $temp = $this->_string_shift($string, $length);
+            list(, $length) = unpack('N', substr(str_pad($temp, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -4));
+        }
+        return $length;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-encode the length
+     *
+     * DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4.  See
+     * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 � 8.1.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $length
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _encodeLength($length)
+    {
+        if ($length <= 0x7F) {
+            return chr($length);
+        }
+
+        $temp = ltrim(pack('N', $length), chr(0));
+        return pack('Ca*', 0x80 | strlen($temp), $temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines the private key format
+     *
+     * @see createKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $format
+     */
+    function setPrivateKeyFormat($format)
+    {
+        $this->privateKeyFormat = $format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines the public key format
+     *
+     * @see createKey()
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $format
+     */
+    function setPublicKeyFormat($format)
+    {
+        $this->publicKeyFormat = $format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines which hashing function should be used
+     *
+     * Used with signature production / verification and (if the encryption mode is CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP) encryption and
+     * decryption.  If $hash isn't supported, sha1 is used.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $hash
+     */
+    function setHash($hash)
+    {
+        // Crypt_Hash supports algorithms that PKCS#1 doesn't support.  md5-96 and sha1-96, for example.
+        switch ($hash) {
+            case 'md2':
+            case 'md5':
+            case 'sha1':
+            case 'sha256':
+            case 'sha384':
+            case 'sha512':
+                $this->hash = new Crypt_Hash($hash);
+                $this->hashName = $hash;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+                $this->hashName = 'sha1';
+        }
+        $this->hLen = $this->hash->getLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines which hashing function should be used for the mask generation function
+     *
+     * The mask generation function is used by CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP and CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS and although it's
+     * best if Hash and MGFHash are set to the same thing this is not a requirement.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $hash
+     */
+    function setMGFHash($hash)
+    {
+        // Crypt_Hash supports algorithms that PKCS#1 doesn't support.  md5-96 and sha1-96, for example.
+        switch ($hash) {
+            case 'md2':
+            case 'md5':
+            case 'sha1':
+            case 'sha256':
+            case 'sha384':
+            case 'sha512':
+                $this->mgfHash = new Crypt_Hash($hash);
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->mgfHash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+        }
+        $this->mgfHLen = $this->mgfHash->getLength();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines the salt length
+     *
+     * To quote from {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#page-38 RFC3447#page-38}:
+     *
+     *    Typical salt lengths in octets are hLen (the length of the output
+     *    of the hash function Hash) and 0.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $format
+     */
+    function setSaltLength($sLen)
+    {
+        $this->sLen = $sLen;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Integer-to-Octet-String primitive
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-4.1 RFC3447#section-4.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @param Integer $xLen
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _i2osp($x, $xLen)
+    {
+        $x = $x->toBytes();
+        if (strlen($x) > $xLen) {
+            user_error('Integer too large');
+            return false;
+        }
+        return str_pad($x, $xLen, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Octet-String-to-Integer primitive
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-4.2 RFC3447#section-4.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $x
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _os2ip($x)
+    {
+        return new Math_BigInteger($x, 256);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Exponentiate with or without Chinese Remainder Theorem
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.1.1 RFC3447#section-5.1.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _exponentiate($x)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->primes) || empty($this->coefficients) || empty($this->exponents)) {
+            return $x->modPow($this->exponent, $this->modulus);
+        }
+
+        $num_primes = count($this->primes);
+
+        if (defined('CRYPT_RSA_DISABLE_BLINDING')) {
+            $m_i = array(
+                1 => $x->modPow($this->exponents[1], $this->primes[1]),
+                2 => $x->modPow($this->exponents[2], $this->primes[2])
+            );
+            $h = $m_i[1]->subtract($m_i[2]);
+            $h = $h->multiply($this->coefficients[2]);
+            list(, $h) = $h->divide($this->primes[1]);
+            $m = $m_i[2]->add($h->multiply($this->primes[2]));
+
+            $r = $this->primes[1];
+            for ($i = 3; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                $m_i = $x->modPow($this->exponents[$i], $this->primes[$i]);
+
+                $r = $r->multiply($this->primes[$i - 1]);
+
+                $h = $m_i->subtract($m);
+                $h = $h->multiply($this->coefficients[$i]);
+                list(, $h) = $h->divide($this->primes[$i]);
+
+                $m = $m->add($r->multiply($h));
+            }
+        } else {
+            $smallest = $this->primes[1];
+            for ($i = 2; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                if ($smallest->compare($this->primes[$i]) > 0) {
+                    $smallest = $this->primes[$i];
+                }
+            }
+
+            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+
+            $r = $one->random($one, $smallest->subtract($one));
+
+            $m_i = array(
+                1 => $this->_blind($x, $r, 1),
+                2 => $this->_blind($x, $r, 2)
+            );
+            $h = $m_i[1]->subtract($m_i[2]);
+            $h = $h->multiply($this->coefficients[2]);
+            list(, $h) = $h->divide($this->primes[1]);
+            $m = $m_i[2]->add($h->multiply($this->primes[2]));
+
+            $r = $this->primes[1];
+            for ($i = 3; $i <= $num_primes; $i++) {
+                $m_i = $this->_blind($x, $r, $i);
+
+                $r = $r->multiply($this->primes[$i - 1]);
+
+                $h = $m_i->subtract($m);
+                $h = $h->multiply($this->coefficients[$i]);
+                list(, $h) = $h->divide($this->primes[$i]);
+
+                $m = $m->add($r->multiply($h));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $m;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs RSA Blinding
+     *
+     * Protects against timing attacks by employing RSA Blinding.
+     * Returns $x->modPow($this->exponents[$i], $this->primes[$i])
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $r
+     * @param Integer $i
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _blind($x, $r, $i)
+    {
+        $x = $x->multiply($r->modPow($this->publicExponent, $this->primes[$i]));
+        $x = $x->modPow($this->exponents[$i], $this->primes[$i]);
+
+        $r = $r->modInverse($this->primes[$i]);
+        $x = $x->multiply($r);
+        list(, $x) = $x->divide($this->primes[$i]);
+
+        return $x;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs blinded RSA equality testing
+     *
+     * Protects against a particular type of timing attack described.
+     *
+     * See {@link http://codahale.com/a-lesson-in-timing-attacks/ A Lesson In Timing Attacks (or, Don�t use MessageDigest.isEquals)}
+     *
+     * Thanks for the heads up singpolyma!
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $x
+     * @param String $y
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function _equals($x, $y)
+    {
+        if (strlen($x) != strlen($y)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = 0;
+        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($x); $i++) {
+            $result |= ord($x[$i]) ^ ord($y[$i]);
+        }
+
+        return $result == 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSAEP
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.1.1 RFC3447#section-5.1.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $m
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _rsaep($m)
+    {
+        if ($m->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $m->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
+            user_error('Message representative out of range');
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $this->_exponentiate($m);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSADP
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.1.2 RFC3447#section-5.1.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $c
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _rsadp($c)
+    {
+        if ($c->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $c->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
+            user_error('Ciphertext representative out of range');
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $this->_exponentiate($c);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSASP1
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.2.1 RFC3447#section-5.2.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $m
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _rsasp1($m)
+    {
+        if ($m->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $m->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
+            user_error('Message representative out of range');
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $this->_exponentiate($m);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSAVP1
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-5.2.2 RFC3447#section-5.2.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $s
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _rsavp1($s)
+    {
+        if ($s->compare($this->zero) < 0 || $s->compare($this->modulus) > 0) {
+            user_error('Signature representative out of range');
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $this->_exponentiate($s);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * MGF1
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#appendix-B.2.1 RFC3447#appendix-B.2.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $mgfSeed
+     * @param Integer $mgfLen
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _mgf1($mgfSeed, $maskLen)
+    {
+        // if $maskLen would yield strings larger than 4GB, PKCS#1 suggests a "Mask too long" error be output.
+
+        $t = '';
+        $count = ceil($maskLen / $this->mgfHLen);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+            $c = pack('N', $i);
+            $t.= $this->mgfHash->hash($mgfSeed . $c);
+        }
+
+        return substr($t, 0, $maskLen);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSAES-OAEP-ENCRYPT
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.1.1 RFC3447#section-7.1.1} and
+     * {http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal_Asymmetric_Encryption_Padding OAES}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @param String $l
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsaes_oaep_encrypt($m, $l = '')
+    {
+        $mLen = strlen($m);
+
+        // Length checking
+
+        // if $l is larger than two million terrabytes and you're using sha1, PKCS#1 suggests a "Label too long" error
+        // be output.
+
+        if ($mLen > $this->k - 2 * $this->hLen - 2) {
+            user_error('Message too long');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // EME-OAEP encoding
+
+        $lHash = $this->hash->hash($l);
+        $ps = str_repeat(chr(0), $this->k - $mLen - 2 * $this->hLen - 2);
+        $db = $lHash . $ps . chr(1) . $m;
+        $seed = crypt_random_string($this->hLen);
+        $dbMask = $this->_mgf1($seed, $this->k - $this->hLen - 1);
+        $maskedDB = $db ^ $dbMask;
+        $seedMask = $this->_mgf1($maskedDB, $this->hLen);
+        $maskedSeed = $seed ^ $seedMask;
+        $em = chr(0) . $maskedSeed . $maskedDB;
+
+        // RSA encryption
+
+        $m = $this->_os2ip($em);
+        $c = $this->_rsaep($m);
+        $c = $this->_i2osp($c, $this->k);
+
+        // Output the ciphertext C
+
+        return $c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSAES-OAEP-DECRYPT
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.1.2 RFC3447#section-7.1.2}.  The fact that the error
+     * messages aren't distinguishable from one another hinders debugging, but, to quote from RFC3447#section-7.1.2:
+     * 
+     *    Note.  Care must be taken to ensure that an opponent cannot
+     *    distinguish the different error conditions in Step 3.g, whether by
+     *    error message or timing, or, more generally, learn partial
+     *    information about the encoded message EM.  Otherwise an opponent may
+     *    be able to obtain useful information about the decryption of the
+     *    ciphertext C, leading to a chosen-ciphertext attack such as the one
+     *    observed by Manger [36].
+     *
+     * As for $l...  to quote from {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#page-17 RFC3447#page-17}:
+     *
+     *    Both the encryption and the decryption operations of RSAES-OAEP take
+     *    the value of a label L as input.  In this version of PKCS #1, L is
+     *    the empty string; other uses of the label are outside the scope of
+     *    this document.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $c
+     * @param String $l
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsaes_oaep_decrypt($c, $l = '')
+    {
+        // Length checking
+
+        // if $l is larger than two million terrabytes and you're using sha1, PKCS#1 suggests a "Label too long" error
+        // be output.
+
+        if (strlen($c) != $this->k || $this->k < 2 * $this->hLen + 2) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RSA decryption
+
+        $c = $this->_os2ip($c);
+        $m = $this->_rsadp($c);
+        if ($m === false) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m, $this->k);
+
+        // EME-OAEP decoding
+
+        $lHash = $this->hash->hash($l);
+        $y = ord($em[0]);
+        $maskedSeed = substr($em, 1, $this->hLen);
+        $maskedDB = substr($em, $this->hLen + 1);
+        $seedMask = $this->_mgf1($maskedDB, $this->hLen);
+        $seed = $maskedSeed ^ $seedMask;
+        $dbMask = $this->_mgf1($seed, $this->k - $this->hLen - 1);
+        $db = $maskedDB ^ $dbMask;
+        $lHash2 = substr($db, 0, $this->hLen);
+        $m = substr($db, $this->hLen);
+        if ($lHash != $lHash2) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+        $m = ltrim($m, chr(0));
+        if (ord($m[0]) != 1) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Output the message M
+
+        return substr($m, 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5-ENCRYPT
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.2.1 RFC3447#section-7.2.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_encrypt($m)
+    {
+        $mLen = strlen($m);
+
+        // Length checking
+
+        if ($mLen > $this->k - 11) {
+            user_error('Message too long');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // EME-PKCS1-v1_5 encoding
+        $psLen = $this->k - $mLen - 3;
+        $ps = '';
+        while (strlen($ps) != $psLen) {
+            $temp = crypt_random_string($psLen - strlen($ps));
+            $temp = str_replace("\x00", '', $temp);
+            $ps.= $temp;
+        }
+        $em = chr(0) . chr(2) . $ps . chr(0) . $m;
+
+        // RSA encryption
+        $m = $this->_os2ip($em);
+        $c = $this->_rsaep($m);
+        $c = $this->_i2osp($c, $this->k);
+
+        // Output the ciphertext C
+
+        return $c;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5-DECRYPT
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-7.2.2 RFC3447#section-7.2.2}.
+     *
+     * For compatability purposes, this function departs slightly from the description given in RFC3447.
+     * The reason being that RFC2313#section-8.1 (PKCS#1 v1.5) states that ciphertext's encrypted by the
+     * private key should have the second byte set to either 0 or 1 and that ciphertext's encrypted by the
+     * public key should have the second byte set to 2.  In RFC3447 (PKCS#1 v2.1), the second byte is supposed
+     * to be 2 regardless of which key is used.  For compatability purposes, we'll just check to make sure the
+     * second byte is 2 or less.  If it is, we'll accept the decrypted string as valid.
+     *
+     * As a consequence of this, a private key encrypted ciphertext produced with Crypt_RSA may not decrypt
+     * with a strictly PKCS#1 v1.5 compliant RSA implementation.  Public key encrypted ciphertext's should but
+     * not private key encrypted ciphertext's.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $c
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_decrypt($c)
+    {
+        // Length checking
+
+        if (strlen($c) != $this->k) { // or if k < 11
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RSA decryption
+
+        $c = $this->_os2ip($c);
+        $m = $this->_rsadp($c);
+
+        if ($m === false) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m, $this->k);
+
+        // EME-PKCS1-v1_5 decoding
+
+        if (ord($em[0]) != 0 || ord($em[1]) > 2) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $ps = substr($em, 2, strpos($em, chr(0), 2) - 2);
+        $m = substr($em, strlen($ps) + 3);
+
+        if (strlen($ps) < 8) {
+            user_error('Decryption error');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Output M
+
+        return $m;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EMSA-PSS-ENCODE
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-9.1.1 RFC3447#section-9.1.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @param Integer $emBits
+     */
+    function _emsa_pss_encode($m, $emBits)
+    {
+        // if $m is larger than two million terrabytes and you're using sha1, PKCS#1 suggests a "Label too long" error
+        // be output.
+
+        $emLen = ($emBits + 1) >> 3; // ie. ceil($emBits / 8)
+        $sLen = $this->sLen == false ? $this->hLen : $this->sLen;
+
+        $mHash = $this->hash->hash($m);
+        if ($emLen < $this->hLen + $sLen + 2) {
+            user_error('Encoding error');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $salt = crypt_random_string($sLen);
+        $m2 = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0" . $mHash . $salt;
+        $h = $this->hash->hash($m2);
+        $ps = str_repeat(chr(0), $emLen - $sLen - $this->hLen - 2);
+        $db = $ps . chr(1) . $salt;
+        $dbMask = $this->_mgf1($h, $emLen - $this->hLen - 1);
+        $maskedDB = $db ^ $dbMask;
+        $maskedDB[0] = ~chr(0xFF << ($emBits & 7)) & $maskedDB[0];
+        $em = $maskedDB . $h . chr(0xBC);
+
+        return $em;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EMSA-PSS-VERIFY
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-9.1.2 RFC3447#section-9.1.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @param String $em
+     * @param Integer $emBits
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _emsa_pss_verify($m, $em, $emBits)
+    {
+        // if $m is larger than two million terrabytes and you're using sha1, PKCS#1 suggests a "Label too long" error
+        // be output.
+
+        $emLen = ($emBits + 1) >> 3; // ie. ceil($emBits / 8);
+        $sLen = $this->sLen == false ? $this->hLen : $this->sLen;
+
+        $mHash = $this->hash->hash($m);
+        if ($emLen < $this->hLen + $sLen + 2) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($em[strlen($em) - 1] != chr(0xBC)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $maskedDB = substr($em, 0, -$this->hLen - 1);
+        $h = substr($em, -$this->hLen - 1, $this->hLen);
+        $temp = chr(0xFF << ($emBits & 7));
+        if ((~$maskedDB[0] & $temp) != $temp) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $dbMask = $this->_mgf1($h, $emLen - $this->hLen - 1);
+        $db = $maskedDB ^ $dbMask;
+        $db[0] = ~chr(0xFF << ($emBits & 7)) & $db[0];
+        $temp = $emLen - $this->hLen - $sLen - 2;
+        if (substr($db, 0, $temp) != str_repeat(chr(0), $temp) || ord($db[$temp]) != 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $salt = substr($db, $temp + 1); // should be $sLen long
+        $m2 = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0" . $mHash . $salt;
+        $h2 = $this->hash->hash($m2);
+        return $this->_equals($h, $h2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSASSA-PSS-SIGN
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.1.1 RFC3447#section-8.1.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsassa_pss_sign($m)
+    {
+        // EMSA-PSS encoding
+
+        $em = $this->_emsa_pss_encode($m, 8 * $this->k - 1);
+
+        // RSA signature
+
+        $m = $this->_os2ip($em);
+        $s = $this->_rsasp1($m);
+        $s = $this->_i2osp($s, $this->k);
+
+        // Output the signature S
+
+        return $s;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSASSA-PSS-VERIFY
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.1.2 RFC3447#section-8.1.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @param String $s
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsassa_pss_verify($m, $s)
+    {
+        // Length checking
+
+        if (strlen($s) != $this->k) {
+            user_error('Invalid signature');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RSA verification
+
+        $modBits = 8 * $this->k;
+
+        $s2 = $this->_os2ip($s);
+        $m2 = $this->_rsavp1($s2);
+        if ($m2 === false) {
+            user_error('Invalid signature');
+            return false;
+        }
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m2, $modBits >> 3);
+        if ($em === false) {
+            user_error('Invalid signature');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // EMSA-PSS verification
+
+        return $this->_emsa_pss_verify($m, $em, $modBits - 1);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * EMSA-PKCS1-V1_5-ENCODE
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-9.2 RFC3447#section-9.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @param Integer $emLen
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $emLen)
+    {
+        $h = $this->hash->hash($m);
+        if ($h === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#page-43
+        switch ($this->hashName) {
+            case 'md2':
+                $t = pack('H*', '3020300c06082a864886f70d020205000410');
+                break;
+            case 'md5':
+                $t = pack('H*', '3020300c06082a864886f70d020505000410');
+                break;
+            case 'sha1':
+                $t = pack('H*', '3021300906052b0e03021a05000414');
+                break;
+            case 'sha256':
+                $t = pack('H*', '3031300d060960864801650304020105000420');
+                break;
+            case 'sha384':
+                $t = pack('H*', '3041300d060960864801650304020205000430');
+                break;
+            case 'sha512':
+                $t = pack('H*', '3051300d060960864801650304020305000440');
+        }
+        $t.= $h;
+        $tLen = strlen($t);
+
+        if ($emLen < $tLen + 11) {
+            user_error('Intended encoded message length too short');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $ps = str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $emLen - $tLen - 3);
+
+        $em = "\0\1$ps\0$t";
+
+        return $em;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5-SIGN
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.2.1 RFC3447#section-8.2.1}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_sign($m)
+    {
+        // EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 encoding
+
+        $em = $this->_emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $this->k);
+        if ($em === false) {
+            user_error('RSA modulus too short');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RSA signature
+
+        $m = $this->_os2ip($em);
+        $s = $this->_rsasp1($m);
+        $s = $this->_i2osp($s, $this->k);
+
+        // Output the signature S
+
+        return $s;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSASSA-PKCS1-V1_5-VERIFY
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3447#section-8.2.2 RFC3447#section-8.2.2}.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $m
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_verify($m, $s)
+    {
+        // Length checking
+
+        if (strlen($s) != $this->k) {
+            user_error('Invalid signature');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RSA verification
+
+        $s = $this->_os2ip($s);
+        $m2 = $this->_rsavp1($s);
+        if ($m2 === false) {
+            user_error('Invalid signature');
+            return false;
+        }
+        $em = $this->_i2osp($m2, $this->k);
+        if ($em === false) {
+            user_error('Invalid signature');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // EMSA-PKCS1-v1_5 encoding
+
+        $em2 = $this->_emsa_pkcs1_v1_5_encode($m, $this->k);
+        if ($em2 === false) {
+            user_error('RSA modulus too short');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Compare
+        return $this->_equals($em, $em2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Encryption Mode
+     *
+     * Valid values include CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP and CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     */
+    function setEncryptionMode($mode)
+    {
+        $this->encryptionMode = $mode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Signature Mode
+     *
+     * Valid values include CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS and CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     */
+    function setSignatureMode($mode)
+    {
+        $this->signatureMode = $mode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption
+     *
+     * Both CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP and CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1 both place limits on how long $plaintext can be.
+     * If $plaintext exceeds those limits it will be broken up so that it does and the resultant ciphertext's will
+     * be concatenated together.
+     *
+     * @see decrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        switch ($this->encryptionMode) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1:
+                $length = $this->k - 11;
+                if ($length <= 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $plaintext = str_split($plaintext, $length);
+                $ciphertext = '';
+                foreach ($plaintext as $m) {
+                    $ciphertext.= $this->_rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_encrypt($m);
+                }
+                return $ciphertext;
+            //case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP:
+            default:
+                $length = $this->k - 2 * $this->hLen - 2;
+                if ($length <= 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $plaintext = str_split($plaintext, $length);
+                $ciphertext = '';
+                foreach ($plaintext as $m) {
+                    $ciphertext.= $this->_rsaes_oaep_encrypt($m);
+                }
+                return $ciphertext;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decryption
+     *
+     * @see encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        if ($this->k <= 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $ciphertext = str_split($ciphertext, $this->k);
+        $ciphertext[count($ciphertext) - 1] = str_pad($ciphertext[count($ciphertext) - 1], $this->k, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+        $plaintext = '';
+
+        switch ($this->encryptionMode) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1:
+                $decrypt = '_rsaes_pkcs1_v1_5_decrypt';
+                break;
+            //case CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_OAEP:
+            default:
+                $decrypt = '_rsaes_oaep_decrypt';
+        }
+
+        foreach ($ciphertext as $c) {
+            $temp = $this->$decrypt($c);
+            if ($temp === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $plaintext.= $temp;
+        }
+
+        return $plaintext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a signature
+     *
+     * @see verify()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $message
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function sign($message)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->exponent)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($this->signatureMode) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1:
+                return $this->_rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_sign($message);
+            //case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS:
+            default:
+                return $this->_rsassa_pss_sign($message);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Verifies a signature
+     *
+     * @see sign()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $message
+     * @param String $signature
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function verify($message, $signature)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->modulus) || empty($this->exponent)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($this->signatureMode) {
+            case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1:
+                return $this->_rsassa_pkcs1_v1_5_verify($message, $signature);
+            //case CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PSS:
+            default:
+                return $this->_rsassa_pss_verify($message, $signature);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a60857df95ddf12870d91934822cb4aaad3cd330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Random.php
@@ -0,0 +1,243 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Random Number Generator
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/Random.php');
+ *
+ *    echo bin2hex(crypt_random_string(8));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_Random
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: Random.php,v 1.9 2010/04/24 06:40:48 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Generate a random string.
+ *
+ * Although microoptimizations are generally discouraged as they impair readability this function is ripe with
+ * microoptimizations because this function has the potential of being called a huge number of times.
+ * eg. for RSA key generation.
+ *
+ * @param Integer $length
+ * @return String
+ * @access public
+ */
+function crypt_random_string($length) {
+    // PHP_OS & "\xDF\xDF\xDF" == strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)), but a lot faster
+    if ((PHP_OS & "\xDF\xDF\xDF") === 'WIN') {
+        // method 1. prior to PHP 5.3 this would call rand() on windows hence the function_exists('class_alias') call.
+        // ie. class_alias is a function that was introduced in PHP 5.3
+        if (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv') && function_exists('class_alias')) {
+            return mcrypt_create_iv($length);
+        }
+        // method 2. openssl_random_pseudo_bytes was introduced in PHP 5.3.0 but prior to PHP 5.3.4 there was,
+        // to quote <http://php.net/ChangeLog-5.php#5.3.4>, "possible blocking behavior". as of 5.3.4
+        // openssl_random_pseudo_bytes and mcrypt_create_iv do the exact same thing on Windows. ie. they both
+        // call php_win32_get_random_bytes():
+        //
+        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/ext/openssl/openssl.c#L5008
+        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/ext/mcrypt/mcrypt.c#L1392
+        //
+        // php_win32_get_random_bytes() is defined thusly:
+        //
+        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/win32/winutil.c#L80
+        //
+        // we're calling it, all the same, in the off chance that the mcrypt extension is not available
+        if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes') && version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.4', '>=')) {
+            return openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length);
+        }
+    } else {
+        // method 1. the fastest
+        if (function_exists('openssl_random_pseudo_bytes')) {
+            return openssl_random_pseudo_bytes($length);
+        }
+        // method 2
+        static $fp = true;
+        if ($fp === true) {
+            // warning's will be output unles the error suppression operator is used. errors such as
+            // "open_basedir restriction in effect", "Permission denied", "No such file or directory", etc.
+            $fp = @fopen('/dev/urandom', 'rb');
+        }
+        if ($fp !== true && $fp !== false) { // surprisingly faster than !is_bool() or is_resource()
+            return fread($fp, $length);
+        }
+        // method 3. pretty much does the same thing as method 2 per the following url:
+        // https://github.com/php/php-src/blob/7014a0eb6d1611151a286c0ff4f2238f92c120d6/ext/mcrypt/mcrypt.c#L1391
+        // surprisingly slower than method 2. maybe that's because mcrypt_create_iv does a bunch of error checking that we're
+        // not doing. regardless, this'll only be called if this PHP script couldn't open /dev/urandom due to open_basedir
+        // restrictions or some such
+        if (function_exists('mcrypt_create_iv')) {
+            return mcrypt_create_iv($length, MCRYPT_DEV_URANDOM);
+        }
+    }
+    // at this point we have no choice but to use a pure-PHP CSPRNG
+
+    // cascade entropy across multiple PHP instances by fixing the session and collecting all
+    // environmental variables, including the previous session data and the current session
+    // data.
+    //
+    // mt_rand seeds itself by looking at the PID and the time, both of which are (relatively)
+    // easy to guess at. linux uses mouse clicks, keyboard timings, etc, as entropy sources, but
+    // PHP isn't low level to be able to use those as sources and on a web server there's not likely
+    // going to be a ton of keyboard or mouse action. web servers do have one thing that we can use
+    // however. a ton of people visiting the website. obviously you don't want to base your seeding
+    // soley on parameters a potential attacker sends but (1) not everything in $_SERVER is controlled
+    // by the user and (2) this isn't just looking at the data sent by the current user - it's based
+    // on the data sent by all users. one user requests the page and a hash of their info is saved.
+    // another user visits the page and the serialization of their data is utilized along with the
+    // server envirnment stuff and a hash of the previous http request data (which itself utilizes
+    // a hash of the session data before that). certainly an attacker should be assumed to have
+    // full control over his own http requests. he, however, is not going to have control over
+    // everyone's http requests.
+    static $crypto = false, $v;
+    if ($crypto === false) {
+        // save old session data
+        $old_session_id = session_id();
+        $old_use_cookies = ini_get('session.use_cookies');
+        $old_session_cache_limiter = session_cache_limiter();
+        if (isset($_SESSION)) {
+            $_OLD_SESSION = $_SESSION;
+        }
+        if ($old_session_id != '') {
+            session_write_close();
+        }
+
+        session_id(1);
+        ini_set('session.use_cookies', 0);
+        session_cache_limiter('');
+        session_start();
+
+        $v = $seed = $_SESSION['seed'] = pack('H*', sha1(
+            serialize($_SERVER) .
+            serialize($_POST) .
+            serialize($_GET) .
+            serialize($_COOKIE) .
+            serialize($_GLOBAL) .
+            serialize($_SESSION) .
+            serialize($_OLD_SESSION)
+        ));
+        if (!isset($_SESSION['count'])) {
+            $_SESSION['count'] = 0;
+        }
+        $_SESSION['count']++;
+
+        session_write_close();
+
+        // restore old session data
+        if ($old_session_id != '') {
+            session_id($old_session_id);
+            session_start();
+            ini_set('session.use_cookies', $old_use_cookies);
+            session_cache_limiter($old_session_cache_limiter);
+        } else {
+           if (isset($_OLD_SESSION)) {
+               $_SESSION = $_OLD_SESSION;
+               unset($_OLD_SESSION);
+            } else {
+                unset($_SESSION);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // in SSH2 a shared secret and an exchange hash are generated through the key exchange process.
+        // the IV client to server is the hash of that "nonce" with the letter A and for the encryption key it's the letter C.
+        // if the hash doesn't produce enough a key or an IV that's long enough concat successive hashes of the
+        // original hash and the current hash. we'll be emulating that. for more info see the following URL:
+        //
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-7.2
+        //
+        // see the is_string($crypto) part for an example of how to expand the keys
+        $key = pack('H*', sha1($seed . 'A'));
+        $iv = pack('H*', sha1($seed . 'C'));
+
+        // ciphers are used as per the nist.gov link below. also, see this link:
+        //
+        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator#Designs_based_on_cryptographic_primitives
+        switch (true) {
+            case class_exists('Crypt_AES'):
+                $crypto = new Crypt_AES(CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR);
+                break;
+            case class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES'):
+                $crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR);
+                break;
+            case class_exists('Crypt_DES'):
+                $crypto = new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR);
+                break;
+            case class_exists('Crypt_RC4'):
+                $crypto = new Crypt_RC4();
+                break;
+            default:
+                $crypto = $seed;
+                return crypt_random_string($length);
+        }
+
+        $crypto->setKey($key);
+        $crypto->setIV($iv);
+        $crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+    }
+
+    if (is_string($crypto)) {
+        // the following is based off of ANSI X9.31:
+        //
+        // http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cavp/documents/rng/931rngext.pdf
+        //
+        // OpenSSL uses that same standard for it's random numbers:
+        //
+        // http://www.opensource.apple.com/source/OpenSSL/OpenSSL-38/openssl/fips-1.0/rand/fips_rand.c
+        // (do a search for "ANS X9.31 A.2.4")
+        //
+        // ANSI X9.31 recommends ciphers be used and phpseclib does use them if they're available (see
+        // later on in the code) but if they're not we'll use sha1
+        $result = '';
+        while (strlen($result) < $length) { // each loop adds 20 bytes
+            // microtime() isn't packed as "densely" as it could be but then neither is that the idea.
+            // the idea is simply to ensure that each "block" has a unique element to it.
+            $i = pack('H*', sha1(microtime()));
+            $r = pack('H*', sha1($i ^ $v));
+            $v = pack('H*', sha1($r ^ $i));
+            $result.= $r;
+        }
+        return substr($result, 0, $length);
+    }
+
+    //return $crypto->encrypt(str_repeat("\0", $length));
+
+    $result = '';
+    while (strlen($result) < $length) {
+        $i = $crypto->encrypt(microtime());
+        $r = $crypto->encrypt($i ^ $v);
+        $v = $crypto->encrypt($r ^ $i);
+        $result.= $r;
+    }
+    return substr($result, 0, $length);
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..335d5233c4d6c537d4cdf72c16a02f5ce6c4f58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/Rijndael.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1525 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of Rijndael.
+ *
+ * Does not use mcrypt, even when available, for reasons that are explained below.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * If {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setBlockLength() setBlockLength()} isn't called, it'll be assumed to be 128 bits.  If 
+ * {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKeyLength() setKeyLength()} isn't called, it'll be calculated from 
+ * {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKey() setKey()}.  ie. if the key is 128-bits, the key length will be 128-bits.  If it's 
+ * 136-bits it'll be null-padded to 160-bits and 160 bits will be the key length until 
+ * {@link Crypt_Rijndael::setKey() setKey()} is called, again, at which point, it'll be recalculated.
+ *
+ * Not all Rijndael implementations may support 160-bits or 224-bits as the block length / key length.  mcrypt, for example,
+ * does not.  AES, itself, only supports block lengths of 128 and key lengths of 128, 192, and 256.
+ * {@link http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=10 Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=10} defines the
+ * algorithm for block lengths of 192 and 256 but not for block lengths / key lengths of 160 and 224.  Indeed, 160 and 224
+ * are first defined as valid key / block lengths in 
+ * {@link http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=44 Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=44}: 
+ * Extensions: Other block and Cipher Key lengths.
+ *
+ * {@internal The variable names are the same as those in 
+ * {@link http://www.csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/fips197/fips-197.pdf#page=10 fips-197.pdf#page=10}.}}
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/Rijndael.php');
+ *
+ *    $rijndael = new Crypt_Rijndael();
+ *
+ *    $rijndael->setKey('abcdefghijklmnop');
+ *
+ *    $size = 10 * 1024;
+ *    $plaintext = '';
+ *    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+ *        $plaintext.= 'a';
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $rijndael->decrypt($rijndael->encrypt($plaintext));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_Rijndael
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVIII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: Rijndael.php,v 1.12 2010/02/09 06:10:26 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Crypt_Rijndael::encrypt()
+ * @see Crypt_Rijndael::decrypt()
+ */
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Counter mode.
+ *
+ * Set to -1 since that's what Crypt/Random.php uses to index the CTR mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Counter_.28CTR.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR', -1);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Electronic Code Book mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Electronic_codebook_.28ECB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB', 1);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Code Book Chaining mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher-block_chaining_.28CBC.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC', 2);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Cipher_feedback_.28CFB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB', 3);
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using the Cipher Feedback mode.
+ *
+ * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_cipher_modes_of_operation#Output_feedback_.28OFB.29
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Crypt_Rijndael::Crypt_Rijndael()
+ */
+/**
+ * Toggles the internal implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * Toggles the mcrypt implementation
+ */
+define('CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_MCRYPT', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of Rijndael.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_Rijndael
+ */
+class Crypt_Rijndael {
+    /**
+     * The Encryption Mode
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mode;
+
+    /**
+     * The Key
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::setKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $key = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * The Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::setIV()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $iv = '';
+
+    /**
+     * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryptIV = '';
+
+    /**
+     * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decryptIV = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Continuous Buffer status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $continuousBuffer = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Padding status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enablePadding()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $padding = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the key schedule need to be (re)calculated?
+     *
+     * @see setKey()
+     * @see setBlockLength()
+     * @see setKeyLength()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $changed = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Has the key length explicitly been set or should it be derived from the key, itself?
+     *
+     * @see setKeyLength()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $explicit_key_length = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The Key Schedule
+     *
+     * @see _setup()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $w;
+
+    /**
+     * The Inverse Key Schedule
+     *
+     * @see _setup()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dw;
+
+    /**
+     * The Block Length
+     *
+     * @see setBlockLength()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     * @internal The max value is 32, the min value is 16.  All valid values are multiples of 4.  Exists in conjunction with
+     *     $Nb because we need this value and not $Nb to pad strings appropriately.  
+     */
+    var $block_size = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * The Block Length divided by 32
+     *
+     * @see setBlockLength()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     * @internal The max value is 256 / 32 = 8, the min value is 128 / 32 = 4.  Exists in conjunction with $block_size 
+     *    because the encryption / decryption / key schedule creation requires this number and not $block_size.  We could 
+     *    derive this from $block_size or vice versa, but that'd mean we'd have to do multiple shift operations, so in lieu
+     *    of that, we'll just precompute it once.
+     *
+     */
+    var $Nb = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * The Key Length
+     *
+     * @see setKeyLength()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     * @internal The max value is 256 / 8 = 32, the min value is 128 / 8 = 16.  Exists in conjunction with $key_size
+     *    because the encryption / decryption / key schedule creation requires this number and not $key_size.  We could 
+     *    derive this from $key_size or vice versa, but that'd mean we'd have to do multiple shift operations, so in lieu
+     *    of that, we'll just precompute it once.
+     */
+    var $key_size = 16;
+
+    /**
+     * The Key Length divided by 32
+     *
+     * @see setKeyLength()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     * @internal The max value is 256 / 32 = 8, the min value is 128 / 32 = 4
+     */
+    var $Nk = 4;
+
+    /**
+     * The Number of Rounds
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     * @internal The max value is 14, the min value is 10.
+     */
+    var $Nr;
+
+    /**
+     * Shift offsets
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $c;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed mixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $t0;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed mixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $t1;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed mixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $t2;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed mixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $t3;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dt0;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dt1;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dt2;
+
+    /**
+     * Precomputed invMixColumns table
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dt3;
+
+    /**
+     * Is the mode one that is paddable?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::Crypt_Rijndael()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $paddable = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::encrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enbuffer = array('encrypted' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0);
+
+    /**
+     * Decryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0);
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.  $mode should only, at present, be
+     * CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB or CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC.  If not explictly set, CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @return Crypt_Rijndael
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_Rijndael($mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC)
+    {
+        switch ($mode) {
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB:
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC:
+                $this->paddable = true;
+                $this->mode = $mode;
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR:
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB:
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB:
+                $this->mode = $mode;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->paddable = true;
+                $this->mode = CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC;
+        }
+
+        $t3 = &$this->t3;
+        $t2 = &$this->t2;
+        $t1 = &$this->t1;
+        $t0 = &$this->t0;
+
+        $dt3 = &$this->dt3;
+        $dt2 = &$this->dt2;
+        $dt1 = &$this->dt1;
+        $dt0 = &$this->dt0;
+
+        // according to <http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=19> (section 5.2.1), 
+        // precomputed tables can be used in the mixColumns phase.  in that example, they're assigned t0...t3, so
+        // those are the names we'll use.
+        $t3 = array(
+            0x6363A5C6, 0x7C7C84F8, 0x777799EE, 0x7B7B8DF6, 0xF2F20DFF, 0x6B6BBDD6, 0x6F6FB1DE, 0xC5C55491, 
+            0x30305060, 0x01010302, 0x6767A9CE, 0x2B2B7D56, 0xFEFE19E7, 0xD7D762B5, 0xABABE64D, 0x76769AEC, 
+            0xCACA458F, 0x82829D1F, 0xC9C94089, 0x7D7D87FA, 0xFAFA15EF, 0x5959EBB2, 0x4747C98E, 0xF0F00BFB, 
+            0xADADEC41, 0xD4D467B3, 0xA2A2FD5F, 0xAFAFEA45, 0x9C9CBF23, 0xA4A4F753, 0x727296E4, 0xC0C05B9B, 
+            0xB7B7C275, 0xFDFD1CE1, 0x9393AE3D, 0x26266A4C, 0x36365A6C, 0x3F3F417E, 0xF7F702F5, 0xCCCC4F83, 
+            0x34345C68, 0xA5A5F451, 0xE5E534D1, 0xF1F108F9, 0x717193E2, 0xD8D873AB, 0x31315362, 0x15153F2A, 
+            0x04040C08, 0xC7C75295, 0x23236546, 0xC3C35E9D, 0x18182830, 0x9696A137, 0x05050F0A, 0x9A9AB52F, 
+            0x0707090E, 0x12123624, 0x80809B1B, 0xE2E23DDF, 0xEBEB26CD, 0x2727694E, 0xB2B2CD7F, 0x75759FEA, 
+            0x09091B12, 0x83839E1D, 0x2C2C7458, 0x1A1A2E34, 0x1B1B2D36, 0x6E6EB2DC, 0x5A5AEEB4, 0xA0A0FB5B, 
+            0x5252F6A4, 0x3B3B4D76, 0xD6D661B7, 0xB3B3CE7D, 0x29297B52, 0xE3E33EDD, 0x2F2F715E, 0x84849713, 
+            0x5353F5A6, 0xD1D168B9, 0x00000000, 0xEDED2CC1, 0x20206040, 0xFCFC1FE3, 0xB1B1C879, 0x5B5BEDB6, 
+            0x6A6ABED4, 0xCBCB468D, 0xBEBED967, 0x39394B72, 0x4A4ADE94, 0x4C4CD498, 0x5858E8B0, 0xCFCF4A85, 
+            0xD0D06BBB, 0xEFEF2AC5, 0xAAAAE54F, 0xFBFB16ED, 0x4343C586, 0x4D4DD79A, 0x33335566, 0x85859411, 
+            0x4545CF8A, 0xF9F910E9, 0x02020604, 0x7F7F81FE, 0x5050F0A0, 0x3C3C4478, 0x9F9FBA25, 0xA8A8E34B, 
+            0x5151F3A2, 0xA3A3FE5D, 0x4040C080, 0x8F8F8A05, 0x9292AD3F, 0x9D9DBC21, 0x38384870, 0xF5F504F1, 
+            0xBCBCDF63, 0xB6B6C177, 0xDADA75AF, 0x21216342, 0x10103020, 0xFFFF1AE5, 0xF3F30EFD, 0xD2D26DBF, 
+            0xCDCD4C81, 0x0C0C1418, 0x13133526, 0xECEC2FC3, 0x5F5FE1BE, 0x9797A235, 0x4444CC88, 0x1717392E, 
+            0xC4C45793, 0xA7A7F255, 0x7E7E82FC, 0x3D3D477A, 0x6464ACC8, 0x5D5DE7BA, 0x19192B32, 0x737395E6, 
+            0x6060A0C0, 0x81819819, 0x4F4FD19E, 0xDCDC7FA3, 0x22226644, 0x2A2A7E54, 0x9090AB3B, 0x8888830B, 
+            0x4646CA8C, 0xEEEE29C7, 0xB8B8D36B, 0x14143C28, 0xDEDE79A7, 0x5E5EE2BC, 0x0B0B1D16, 0xDBDB76AD, 
+            0xE0E03BDB, 0x32325664, 0x3A3A4E74, 0x0A0A1E14, 0x4949DB92, 0x06060A0C, 0x24246C48, 0x5C5CE4B8, 
+            0xC2C25D9F, 0xD3D36EBD, 0xACACEF43, 0x6262A6C4, 0x9191A839, 0x9595A431, 0xE4E437D3, 0x79798BF2, 
+            0xE7E732D5, 0xC8C8438B, 0x3737596E, 0x6D6DB7DA, 0x8D8D8C01, 0xD5D564B1, 0x4E4ED29C, 0xA9A9E049, 
+            0x6C6CB4D8, 0x5656FAAC, 0xF4F407F3, 0xEAEA25CF, 0x6565AFCA, 0x7A7A8EF4, 0xAEAEE947, 0x08081810, 
+            0xBABAD56F, 0x787888F0, 0x25256F4A, 0x2E2E725C, 0x1C1C2438, 0xA6A6F157, 0xB4B4C773, 0xC6C65197, 
+            0xE8E823CB, 0xDDDD7CA1, 0x74749CE8, 0x1F1F213E, 0x4B4BDD96, 0xBDBDDC61, 0x8B8B860D, 0x8A8A850F, 
+            0x707090E0, 0x3E3E427C, 0xB5B5C471, 0x6666AACC, 0x4848D890, 0x03030506, 0xF6F601F7, 0x0E0E121C, 
+            0x6161A3C2, 0x35355F6A, 0x5757F9AE, 0xB9B9D069, 0x86869117, 0xC1C15899, 0x1D1D273A, 0x9E9EB927, 
+            0xE1E138D9, 0xF8F813EB, 0x9898B32B, 0x11113322, 0x6969BBD2, 0xD9D970A9, 0x8E8E8907, 0x9494A733, 
+            0x9B9BB62D, 0x1E1E223C, 0x87879215, 0xE9E920C9, 0xCECE4987, 0x5555FFAA, 0x28287850, 0xDFDF7AA5, 
+            0x8C8C8F03, 0xA1A1F859, 0x89898009, 0x0D0D171A, 0xBFBFDA65, 0xE6E631D7, 0x4242C684, 0x6868B8D0, 
+            0x4141C382, 0x9999B029, 0x2D2D775A, 0x0F0F111E, 0xB0B0CB7B, 0x5454FCA8, 0xBBBBD66D, 0x16163A2C
+        );
+
+        $dt3 = array(
+            0xF4A75051, 0x4165537E, 0x17A4C31A, 0x275E963A, 0xAB6BCB3B, 0x9D45F11F, 0xFA58ABAC, 0xE303934B, 
+            0x30FA5520, 0x766DF6AD, 0xCC769188, 0x024C25F5, 0xE5D7FC4F, 0x2ACBD7C5, 0x35448026, 0x62A38FB5, 
+            0xB15A49DE, 0xBA1B6725, 0xEA0E9845, 0xFEC0E15D, 0x2F7502C3, 0x4CF01281, 0x4697A38D, 0xD3F9C66B, 
+            0x8F5FE703, 0x929C9515, 0x6D7AEBBF, 0x5259DA95, 0xBE832DD4, 0x7421D358, 0xE0692949, 0xC9C8448E, 
+            0xC2896A75, 0x8E7978F4, 0x583E6B99, 0xB971DD27, 0xE14FB6BE, 0x88AD17F0, 0x20AC66C9, 0xCE3AB47D, 
+            0xDF4A1863, 0x1A3182E5, 0x51336097, 0x537F4562, 0x6477E0B1, 0x6BAE84BB, 0x81A01CFE, 0x082B94F9, 
+            0x48685870, 0x45FD198F, 0xDE6C8794, 0x7BF8B752, 0x73D323AB, 0x4B02E272, 0x1F8F57E3, 0x55AB2A66, 
+            0xEB2807B2, 0xB5C2032F, 0xC57B9A86, 0x3708A5D3, 0x2887F230, 0xBFA5B223, 0x036ABA02, 0x16825CED, 
+            0xCF1C2B8A, 0x79B492A7, 0x07F2F0F3, 0x69E2A14E, 0xDAF4CD65, 0x05BED506, 0x34621FD1, 0xA6FE8AC4, 
+            0x2E539D34, 0xF355A0A2, 0x8AE13205, 0xF6EB75A4, 0x83EC390B, 0x60EFAA40, 0x719F065E, 0x6E1051BD, 
+            0x218AF93E, 0xDD063D96, 0x3E05AEDD, 0xE6BD464D, 0x548DB591, 0xC45D0571, 0x06D46F04, 0x5015FF60, 
+            0x98FB2419, 0xBDE997D6, 0x4043CC89, 0xD99E7767, 0xE842BDB0, 0x898B8807, 0x195B38E7, 0xC8EEDB79, 
+            0x7C0A47A1, 0x420FE97C, 0x841EC9F8, 0x00000000, 0x80868309, 0x2BED4832, 0x1170AC1E, 0x5A724E6C, 
+            0x0EFFFBFD, 0x8538560F, 0xAED51E3D, 0x2D392736, 0x0FD9640A, 0x5CA62168, 0x5B54D19B, 0x362E3A24, 
+            0x0A67B10C, 0x57E70F93, 0xEE96D2B4, 0x9B919E1B, 0xC0C54F80, 0xDC20A261, 0x774B695A, 0x121A161C, 
+            0x93BA0AE2, 0xA02AE5C0, 0x22E0433C, 0x1B171D12, 0x090D0B0E, 0x8BC7ADF2, 0xB6A8B92D, 0x1EA9C814, 
+            0xF1198557, 0x75074CAF, 0x99DDBBEE, 0x7F60FDA3, 0x01269FF7, 0x72F5BC5C, 0x663BC544, 0xFB7E345B, 
+            0x4329768B, 0x23C6DCCB, 0xEDFC68B6, 0xE4F163B8, 0x31DCCAD7, 0x63851042, 0x97224013, 0xC6112084, 
+            0x4A247D85, 0xBB3DF8D2, 0xF93211AE, 0x29A16DC7, 0x9E2F4B1D, 0xB230F3DC, 0x8652EC0D, 0xC1E3D077, 
+            0xB3166C2B, 0x70B999A9, 0x9448FA11, 0xE9642247, 0xFC8CC4A8, 0xF03F1AA0, 0x7D2CD856, 0x3390EF22, 
+            0x494EC787, 0x38D1C1D9, 0xCAA2FE8C, 0xD40B3698, 0xF581CFA6, 0x7ADE28A5, 0xB78E26DA, 0xADBFA43F, 
+            0x3A9DE42C, 0x78920D50, 0x5FCC9B6A, 0x7E466254, 0x8D13C2F6, 0xD8B8E890, 0x39F75E2E, 0xC3AFF582, 
+            0x5D80BE9F, 0xD0937C69, 0xD52DA96F, 0x2512B3CF, 0xAC993BC8, 0x187DA710, 0x9C636EE8, 0x3BBB7BDB, 
+            0x267809CD, 0x5918F46E, 0x9AB701EC, 0x4F9AA883, 0x956E65E6, 0xFFE67EAA, 0xBCCF0821, 0x15E8E6EF, 
+            0xE79BD9BA, 0x6F36CE4A, 0x9F09D4EA, 0xB07CD629, 0xA4B2AF31, 0x3F23312A, 0xA59430C6, 0xA266C035, 
+            0x4EBC3774, 0x82CAA6FC, 0x90D0B0E0, 0xA7D81533, 0x04984AF1, 0xECDAF741, 0xCD500E7F, 0x91F62F17, 
+            0x4DD68D76, 0xEFB04D43, 0xAA4D54CC, 0x9604DFE4, 0xD1B5E39E, 0x6A881B4C, 0x2C1FB8C1, 0x65517F46, 
+            0x5EEA049D, 0x8C355D01, 0x877473FA, 0x0B412EFB, 0x671D5AB3, 0xDBD25292, 0x105633E9, 0xD647136D, 
+            0xD7618C9A, 0xA10C7A37, 0xF8148E59, 0x133C89EB, 0xA927EECE, 0x61C935B7, 0x1CE5EDE1, 0x47B13C7A, 
+            0xD2DF599C, 0xF2733F55, 0x14CE7918, 0xC737BF73, 0xF7CDEA53, 0xFDAA5B5F, 0x3D6F14DF, 0x44DB8678, 
+            0xAFF381CA, 0x68C43EB9, 0x24342C38, 0xA3405FC2, 0x1DC37216, 0xE2250CBC, 0x3C498B28, 0x0D9541FF, 
+            0xA8017139, 0x0CB3DE08, 0xB4E49CD8, 0x56C19064, 0xCB84617B, 0x32B670D5, 0x6C5C7448, 0xB85742D0
+        );
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+            $t2[] = (($t3[$i] <<  8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | (($t3[$i] >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+            $t1[] = (($t3[$i] << 16) & 0xFFFF0000) | (($t3[$i] >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF);
+            $t0[] = (($t3[$i] << 24) & 0xFF000000) | (($t3[$i] >>  8) & 0x00FFFFFF);
+
+            $dt2[] = (($dt3[$i] <<  8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | (($dt3[$i] >> 24) & 0x000000FF);
+            $dt1[] = (($dt3[$i] << 16) & 0xFFFF0000) | (($dt3[$i] >> 16) & 0x0000FFFF);
+            $dt0[] = (($dt3[$i] << 24) & 0xFF000000) | (($dt3[$i] >>  8) & 0x00FFFFFF);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key.
+     *
+     * Keys can be of any length.  Rijndael, itself, requires the use of a key that's between 128-bits and 256-bits long and
+     * whose length is a multiple of 32.  If the key is less than 256-bits and the key length isn't set, we round the length
+     * up to the closest valid key length, padding $key with null bytes.  If the key is more than 256-bits, we trim the
+     * excess bits.
+     *
+     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all null bytes.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     */
+    function setKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->key = $key;
+        $this->changed = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the initialization vector. (optional)
+     *
+     * SetIV is not required when CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB is being used.  If not explictly set, it'll be assumed
+     * to be all zero's.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function setIV($iv)
+    {
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = $this->iv = str_pad(substr($iv, 0, $this->block_size), $this->block_size, chr(0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key length
+     *
+     * Valid key lengths are 128, 160, 192, 224, and 256.  If the length is less than 128, it will be rounded up to
+     * 128.  If the length is greater then 128 and invalid, it will be rounded down to the closest valid amount.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $length
+     */
+    function setKeyLength($length)
+    {
+        $length >>= 5;
+        if ($length > 8) {
+            $length = 8;
+        } else if ($length < 4) {
+            $length = 4;
+        }
+        $this->Nk = $length;
+        $this->key_size = $length << 2;
+
+        $this->explicit_key_length = true;
+        $this->changed = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the password.
+     *
+     * Depending on what $method is set to, setPassword()'s (optional) parameters are as follows:
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2 pbkdf2}:
+     *         $hash, $salt, $method
+     *     Set $dkLen by calling setKeyLength()
+     *
+     * @param String $password
+     * @param optional String $method
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setPassword($password, $method = 'pbkdf2')
+    {
+        $key = '';
+
+        switch ($method) {
+            default: // 'pbkdf2'
+                list(, , $hash, $salt, $count) = func_get_args();
+                if (!isset($hash)) {
+                    $hash = 'sha1';
+                }
+                // WPA and WPA2 use the SSID as the salt
+                if (!isset($salt)) {
+                    $salt = 'phpseclib';
+                }
+                // RFC2898#section-4.2 uses 1,000 iterations by default
+                // WPA and WPA2 use 4,096.
+                if (!isset($count)) {
+                    $count = 1000;
+                }
+
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+                }
+
+                $i = 1;
+                while (strlen($key) < $this->key_size) { // $dkLen == $this->key_size
+                    //$dk.= $this->_pbkdf($password, $salt, $count, $i++);
+                    $hmac = new Crypt_Hash();
+                    $hmac->setHash($hash);
+                    $hmac->setKey($password);
+                    $f = $u = $hmac->hash($salt . pack('N', $i++));
+                    for ($j = 2; $j <= $count; $j++) {
+                        $u = $hmac->hash($u);
+                        $f^= $u;
+                    }
+                    $key.= $f;
+                }
+        }
+
+        $this->setKey(substr($key, 0, $this->key_size));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the block length
+     *
+     * Valid block lengths are 128, 160, 192, 224, and 256.  If the length is less than 128, it will be rounded up to
+     * 128.  If the length is greater then 128 and invalid, it will be rounded down to the closest valid amount.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $length
+     */
+    function setBlockLength($length)
+    {
+        $length >>= 5;
+        if ($length > 8) {
+            $length = 8;
+        } else if ($length < 4) {
+            $length = 4;
+        }
+        $this->Nb = $length;
+        $this->block_size = $length << 2;
+        $this->changed = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate CTR XOR encryption key
+     *
+     * Encrypt the output of this and XOR it against the ciphertext / plaintext to get the
+     * plaintext / ciphertext in CTR mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::decrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param Integer $length
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function _generate_xor($length, &$iv)
+    {
+        $xor = '';
+        $block_size = $this->block_size;
+        $num_blocks = floor(($length + ($block_size - 1)) / $block_size);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $num_blocks; $i++) {
+            $xor.= $iv;
+            for ($j = 4; $j <= $block_size; $j+=4) {
+                $temp = substr($iv, -$j, 4);
+                switch ($temp) {
+                    case "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x00\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
+                        break;
+                    case "\x7F\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x80\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
+                        break 2;
+                    default:
+                        extract(unpack('Ncount', $temp));
+                        $iv = substr_replace($iv, pack('N', $count + 1), -$j, 4);
+                        break 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $xor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a message.
+     *
+     * $plaintext will be padded with additional bytes such that it's length is a multiple of the block size.  Other Rjindael
+     * implementations may or may not pad in the same manner.  Other common approaches to padding and the reasons why it's
+     * necessary are discussed in the following
+     * URL:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptopad.html http://www.di-mgt.com.au/cryptopad.html}
+     *
+     * An alternative to padding is to, separately, send the length of the file.  This is what SSH, in fact, does.
+     * strlen($plaintext) will still need to be a multiple of 8, however, arbitrary values can be added to make it that
+     * length.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::decrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        $this->_setup();
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
+        }
+
+        $block_size = $this->block_size;
+        $buffer = &$this->enbuffer;
+        $ciphertext = '';
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB:
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                    $ciphertext.= $this->_encryptBlock(substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size));
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
+                    $block = $this->_encryptBlock($block ^ $xor);
+                    $xor = $block;
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['encrypted'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
+                        $buffer['encrypted'].= $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generate_xor($block_size, $xor));
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['encrypted'], $block_size);
+                        $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $block = substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
+                        $key = $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generate_xor($block_size, $xor));
+                        $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) % $block_size) {
+                        $buffer['encrypted'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['encrypted'];
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB:
+                // cfb loosely routines inspired by openssl's:
+                // http://cvs.openssl.org/fileview?f=openssl/crypto/modes/cfb128.c&v=1.3.2.2.2.1
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
+                    $pos = &$buffer['pos'];
+                } else {
+                    $iv = $this->encryptIV;
+                    $pos = 0;
+                }
+                $len = strlen($plaintext);
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = $block_size - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    // ie. $i = min($max, $len), $len-= $i, $pos+= $i, $pos%= $blocksize
+                    $ciphertext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $plaintext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $ciphertext, $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                while ($len >= $block_size) {
+                    $iv = $this->_encryptBlock($iv) ^ substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size);
+                    $ciphertext.= $iv;
+                    $len-= $block_size;
+                    $i+= $block_size;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = $this->_encryptBlock($iv);
+                    $block = $iv ^ substr($plaintext, $i);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $block, 0, $len);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $xor = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                        $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], $block_size);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size) ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $xor = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr($plaintext, $i, $block_size) ^ $xor;
+                    }
+                    $key = $xor;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) % $block_size) {
+                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return $ciphertext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * If strlen($ciphertext) is not a multiple of the block size, null bytes will be added to the end of the string until
+     * it is.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::encrypt()
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $ciphertext
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        $this->_setup();
+
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            // we pad with chr(0) since that's what mcrypt_generic does.  to quote from http://php.net/function.mcrypt-generic :
+            // "The data is padded with "\0" to make sure the length of the data is n * blocksize."
+            $ciphertext = str_pad($ciphertext, strlen($ciphertext) + ($this->block_size - strlen($ciphertext) % $this->block_size) % $this->block_size, chr(0));
+        }
+
+        $block_size = $this->block_size;
+        $buffer = &$this->debuffer;
+        $plaintext = '';
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_ECB:
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                    $plaintext.= $this->_decryptBlock(substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size));
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CBC:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                    $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
+                    $plaintext.= $this->_decryptBlock($block) ^ $xor;
+                    $xor = $block;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CTR:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'].= $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generate_xor($block_size, $xor));
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], $block_size);
+                        $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
+                        $key = $this->_encryptBlock($this->_generate_xor($block_size, $xor));
+                        $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($ciphertext) % $block_size) {
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['ciphertext'];
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_CFB:
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
+                    $pos = &$buffer['pos'];
+                } else {
+                    $iv = $this->decryptIV;
+                    $pos = 0;
+                }
+                $len = strlen($ciphertext);
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = $block_size - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    // ie. $i = min($max, $len), $len-= $i, $pos+= $i, $pos%= $blocksize
+                    $plaintext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $ciphertext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, 0, $i), $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                while ($len >= $block_size) {
+                    $iv = $this->_encryptBlock($iv);
+                    $cb = substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ $cb;
+                    $iv = $cb;
+                    $len-= $block_size;
+                    $i+= $block_size;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = $this->_encryptBlock($iv);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ substr($ciphertext, $i);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, $i), 0, $len);
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_RIJNDAEL_MODE_OFB:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $xor = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                        $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], $block_size);
+                        $plaintext.= substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size) ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=$block_size) {
+                        $xor = $this->_encryptBlock($xor);
+                        $plaintext.= substr($ciphertext, $i, $block_size) ^ $xor;
+                    }
+                    $key = $xor;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($ciphertext) % $block_size) {
+                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a block
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $in
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _encryptBlock($in)
+    {
+        $state = array();
+        $words = unpack('N*word', $in);
+
+        $w = $this->w;
+        $t0 = $this->t0;
+        $t1 = $this->t1;
+        $t2 = $this->t2;
+        $t3 = $this->t3;
+        $Nb = $this->Nb;
+        $Nr = $this->Nr;
+        $c = $this->c;
+
+        // addRoundKey
+        $i = -1;
+        foreach ($words as $word) {
+            $state[] = $word ^ $w[0][++$i];
+        }
+
+        // fips-197.pdf#page=19, "Figure 5. Pseudo Code for the Cipher", states that this loop has four components - 
+        // subBytes, shiftRows, mixColumns, and addRoundKey. fips-197.pdf#page=30, "Implementation Suggestions Regarding 
+        // Various Platforms" suggests that performs enhanced implementations are described in Rijndael-ammended.pdf.
+        // Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=20, "Implementation aspects / 32-bit processor", discusses such an optimization.
+        // Unfortunately, the description given there is not quite correct.  Per aes.spec.v316.pdf#page=19 [1], 
+        // equation (7.4.7) is supposed to use addition instead of subtraction, so we'll do that here, as well.
+
+        // [1] http://fp.gladman.plus.com/cryptography_technology/rijndael/aes.spec.v316.pdf
+        $temp = array();
+        for ($round = 1; $round < $Nr; ++$round) {
+            $i = 0; // $c[0] == 0
+            $j = $c[1];
+            $k = $c[2];
+            $l = $c[3];
+
+            while ($i < $Nb) {
+                $temp[$i] = $t0[$state[$i] >> 24 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $t1[$state[$j] >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $t2[$state[$k] >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $t3[$state[$l]       & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $w[$round][$i];
+                ++$i;
+                $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
+                $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
+                $l = ($l + 1) % $Nb;
+            }
+            $state = $temp;
+        }
+
+        // subWord
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $Nb; ++$i) {
+            $state[$i] = $this->_subWord($state[$i]);
+        }
+
+        // shiftRows + addRoundKey
+        $i = 0; // $c[0] == 0
+        $j = $c[1];
+        $k = $c[2];
+        $l = $c[3];
+        while ($i < $Nb) {
+            $temp[$i] = ($state[$i] & 0xFF000000) ^
+                        ($state[$j] & 0x00FF0000) ^
+                        ($state[$k] & 0x0000FF00) ^
+                        ($state[$l] & 0x000000FF) ^
+                         $w[$Nr][$i];
+            ++$i;
+            $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
+            $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
+            $l = ($l + 1) % $Nb;
+        }
+
+        // 100% ugly switch/case code... but ~5% faster (meaning: ~half second faster de/encrypting 1MB text, tested with php5.4.9 on linux/32bit with an AMD Athlon II P360 CPU) then the commented smart code below. Don't know it's worth or not
+        switch ($Nb) {
+            case 8:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4], $temp[5], $temp[6], $temp[7]);
+            case 7:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4], $temp[5], $temp[6]);
+            case 6:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4], $temp[5]);
+            case 5:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4]);
+            default:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3]);
+        }
+        /*
+        $state = $temp;
+
+        array_unshift($state, 'N*');
+
+        return call_user_func_array('pack', $state);
+        */
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a block
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $in
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _decryptBlock($in)
+    {
+        $state = array();
+        $words = unpack('N*word', $in);
+
+        $dw = $this->dw;
+        $dt0 = $this->dt0;
+        $dt1 = $this->dt1;
+        $dt2 = $this->dt2;
+        $dt3 = $this->dt3;
+        $Nb = $this->Nb;
+        $Nr = $this->Nr;
+        $c = $this->c;
+
+        // addRoundKey
+        $i = -1;
+        foreach ($words as $word) {
+            $state[] = $word ^ $dw[$Nr][++$i];
+        }
+
+        $temp = array();
+        for ($round = $Nr - 1; $round > 0; --$round) {
+            $i = 0; // $c[0] == 0
+            $j = $Nb - $c[1];
+            $k = $Nb - $c[2];
+            $l = $Nb - $c[3];
+
+            while ($i < $Nb) {
+                $temp[$i] = $dt0[$state[$i] >> 24 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $dt1[$state[$j] >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $dt2[$state[$k] >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $dt3[$state[$l]       & 0x000000FF] ^
+                            $dw[$round][$i];
+                ++$i;
+                $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
+                $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
+                $l = ($l + 1) % $Nb;
+            }
+            $state = $temp;
+        }
+
+        // invShiftRows + invSubWord + addRoundKey
+        $i = 0; // $c[0] == 0
+        $j = $Nb - $c[1];
+        $k = $Nb - $c[2];
+        $l = $Nb - $c[3];
+
+        while ($i < $Nb) {
+            $temp[$i] = $dw[0][$i] ^ 
+                        $this->_invSubWord(($state[$i] & 0xFF000000) | 
+                                           ($state[$j] & 0x00FF0000) | 
+                                           ($state[$k] & 0x0000FF00) | 
+                                           ($state[$l] & 0x000000FF));
+            ++$i;
+            $j = ($j + 1) % $Nb;
+            $k = ($k + 1) % $Nb;
+            $l = ($l + 1) % $Nb;
+        }
+
+        switch ($Nb) {
+            case 8:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4], $temp[5], $temp[6], $temp[7]);
+            case 7:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4], $temp[5], $temp[6]);
+            case 6:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4], $temp[5]);
+            case 5:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3], $temp[4]);
+            default:
+                return pack('N*', $temp[0], $temp[1], $temp[2], $temp[3]);
+        }
+        /*
+        $state = $temp;
+
+        array_unshift($state, 'N*');
+
+        return call_user_func_array('pack', $state);
+        */
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Setup Rijndael
+     *
+     * Validates all the variables and calculates $Nr - the number of rounds that need to be performed - and $w - the key
+     * key schedule.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _setup()
+    {
+        // Each number in $rcon is equal to the previous number multiplied by two in Rijndael's finite field.
+        // See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_field_arithmetic#Multiplicative_inverse
+        static $rcon = array(0,
+            0x01000000, 0x02000000, 0x04000000, 0x08000000, 0x10000000,
+            0x20000000, 0x40000000, 0x80000000, 0x1B000000, 0x36000000,
+            0x6C000000, 0xD8000000, 0xAB000000, 0x4D000000, 0x9A000000,
+            0x2F000000, 0x5E000000, 0xBC000000, 0x63000000, 0xC6000000,
+            0x97000000, 0x35000000, 0x6A000000, 0xD4000000, 0xB3000000,
+            0x7D000000, 0xFA000000, 0xEF000000, 0xC5000000, 0x91000000
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->changed) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->explicit_key_length) {
+            // we do >> 2, here, and not >> 5, as we do above, since strlen($this->key) tells us the number of bytes - not bits
+            $length = strlen($this->key) >> 2;
+            if ($length > 8) {
+                $length = 8;
+            } else if ($length < 4) {
+                $length = 4;
+            }
+            $this->Nk = $length;
+            $this->key_size = $length << 2;
+        }
+
+        $this->key = str_pad(substr($this->key, 0, $this->key_size), $this->key_size, chr(0));
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = $this->iv = str_pad(substr($this->iv, 0, $this->block_size), $this->block_size, chr(0));
+
+        // see Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=44
+        $this->Nr = max($this->Nk, $this->Nb) + 6;
+
+        // shift offsets for Nb = 5, 7 are defined in Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=44,
+        //     "Table 8: Shift offsets in Shiftrow for the alternative block lengths"
+        // shift offsets for Nb = 4, 6, 8 are defined in Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=14,
+        //     "Table 2: Shift offsets for different block lengths"
+        switch ($this->Nb) {
+            case 4:
+            case 5:
+            case 6:
+                $this->c = array(0, 1, 2, 3);
+                break;
+            case 7:
+                $this->c = array(0, 1, 2, 4);
+                break;
+            case 8:
+                $this->c = array(0, 1, 3, 4);
+        }
+
+        $key = $this->key;
+
+        $w = array_values(unpack('N*words', $key));
+
+        $length = $this->Nb * ($this->Nr + 1);
+        for ($i = $this->Nk; $i < $length; $i++) {
+            $temp = $w[$i - 1];
+            if ($i % $this->Nk == 0) {
+                // according to <http://php.net/language.types.integer>, "the size of an integer is platform-dependent".
+                // on a 32-bit machine, it's 32-bits, and on a 64-bit machine, it's 64-bits. on a 32-bit machine,
+                // 0xFFFFFFFF << 8 == 0xFFFFFF00, but on a 64-bit machine, it equals 0xFFFFFFFF00. as such, doing 'and'
+                // with 0xFFFFFFFF (or 0xFFFFFF00) on a 32-bit machine is unnecessary, but on a 64-bit machine, it is.
+                $temp = (($temp << 8) & 0xFFFFFF00) | (($temp >> 24) & 0x000000FF); // rotWord
+                $temp = $this->_subWord($temp) ^ $rcon[$i / $this->Nk];
+            } else if ($this->Nk > 6 && $i % $this->Nk == 4) {
+                $temp = $this->_subWord($temp);
+            }
+            $w[$i] = $w[$i - $this->Nk] ^ $temp;
+        }
+
+        // convert the key schedule from a vector of $Nb * ($Nr + 1) length to a matrix with $Nr + 1 rows and $Nb columns
+        // and generate the inverse key schedule.  more specifically,
+        // according to <http://csrc.nist.gov/archive/aes/rijndael/Rijndael-ammended.pdf#page=23> (section 5.3.3), 
+        // "The key expansion for the Inverse Cipher is defined as follows:
+        //        1. Apply the Key Expansion.
+        //        2. Apply InvMixColumn to all Round Keys except the first and the last one."
+        // also, see fips-197.pdf#page=27, "5.3.5 Equivalent Inverse Cipher"
+        $temp = array();
+        for ($i = $row = $col = 0; $i < $length; $i++, $col++) {
+            if ($col == $this->Nb) {
+                if ($row == 0) {
+                    $this->dw[0] = $this->w[0];
+                } else {
+                    // subWord + invMixColumn + invSubWord = invMixColumn
+                    $j = 0;
+                    while ($j < $this->Nb) {
+                        $dw = $this->_subWord($this->w[$row][$j]);
+                        $temp[$j] = $this->dt0[$dw >> 24 & 0x000000FF] ^ 
+                                    $this->dt1[$dw >> 16 & 0x000000FF] ^ 
+                                    $this->dt2[$dw >>  8 & 0x000000FF] ^ 
+                                    $this->dt3[$dw       & 0x000000FF];
+                        $j++;
+                    }
+                    $this->dw[$row] = $temp;
+                }
+
+                $col = 0;
+                $row++;
+            }
+            $this->w[$row][$col] = $w[$i];
+        }
+
+        $this->dw[$row] = $this->w[$row];
+
+        $this->changed = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs S-Box substitutions
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _subWord($word)
+    {
+        static $sbox0, $sbox1, $sbox2, $sbox3;
+
+        if (empty($sbox0)) {
+            $sbox0 = array(
+                0x63, 0x7C, 0x77, 0x7B, 0xF2, 0x6B, 0x6F, 0xC5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2B, 0xFE, 0xD7, 0xAB, 0x76,
+                0xCA, 0x82, 0xC9, 0x7D, 0xFA, 0x59, 0x47, 0xF0, 0xAD, 0xD4, 0xA2, 0xAF, 0x9C, 0xA4, 0x72, 0xC0,
+                0xB7, 0xFD, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3F, 0xF7, 0xCC, 0x34, 0xA5, 0xE5, 0xF1, 0x71, 0xD8, 0x31, 0x15,
+                0x04, 0xC7, 0x23, 0xC3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9A, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0x27, 0xB2, 0x75,
+                0x09, 0x83, 0x2C, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x6E, 0x5A, 0xA0, 0x52, 0x3B, 0xD6, 0xB3, 0x29, 0xE3, 0x2F, 0x84,
+                0x53, 0xD1, 0x00, 0xED, 0x20, 0xFC, 0xB1, 0x5B, 0x6A, 0xCB, 0xBE, 0x39, 0x4A, 0x4C, 0x58, 0xCF,
+                0xD0, 0xEF, 0xAA, 0xFB, 0x43, 0x4D, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xF9, 0x02, 0x7F, 0x50, 0x3C, 0x9F, 0xA8,
+                0x51, 0xA3, 0x40, 0x8F, 0x92, 0x9D, 0x38, 0xF5, 0xBC, 0xB6, 0xDA, 0x21, 0x10, 0xFF, 0xF3, 0xD2,
+                0xCD, 0x0C, 0x13, 0xEC, 0x5F, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xC4, 0xA7, 0x7E, 0x3D, 0x64, 0x5D, 0x19, 0x73,
+                0x60, 0x81, 0x4F, 0xDC, 0x22, 0x2A, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xEE, 0xB8, 0x14, 0xDE, 0x5E, 0x0B, 0xDB,
+                0xE0, 0x32, 0x3A, 0x0A, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5C, 0xC2, 0xD3, 0xAC, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xE4, 0x79,
+                0xE7, 0xC8, 0x37, 0x6D, 0x8D, 0xD5, 0x4E, 0xA9, 0x6C, 0x56, 0xF4, 0xEA, 0x65, 0x7A, 0xAE, 0x08,
+                0xBA, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2E, 0x1C, 0xA6, 0xB4, 0xC6, 0xE8, 0xDD, 0x74, 0x1F, 0x4B, 0xBD, 0x8B, 0x8A,
+                0x70, 0x3E, 0xB5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xF6, 0x0E, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xB9, 0x86, 0xC1, 0x1D, 0x9E,
+                0xE1, 0xF8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xD9, 0x8E, 0x94, 0x9B, 0x1E, 0x87, 0xE9, 0xCE, 0x55, 0x28, 0xDF,
+                0x8C, 0xA1, 0x89, 0x0D, 0xBF, 0xE6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2D, 0x0F, 0xB0, 0x54, 0xBB, 0x16
+            );
+
+            $sbox1 = array();
+            $sbox2 = array();
+            $sbox3 = array();
+
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+                $sbox1[] = $sbox0[$i] <<  8;
+                $sbox2[] = $sbox0[$i] << 16;
+                $sbox3[] = $sbox0[$i] << 24;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $sbox0[$word       & 0x000000FF] |
+               $sbox1[$word >>  8 & 0x000000FF] |
+               $sbox2[$word >> 16 & 0x000000FF] |
+               $sbox3[$word >> 24 & 0x000000FF];
+    }
+    
+
+    /**
+     * Performs inverse S-Box substitutions
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _invSubWord($word)
+    {
+        static $sbox0, $sbox1, $sbox2, $sbox3;
+
+        if (empty($sbox0)) {
+            $sbox0 = array(
+                0x52, 0x09, 0x6A, 0xD5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xA5, 0x38, 0xBF, 0x40, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x81, 0xF3, 0xD7, 0xFB,
+                0x7C, 0xE3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9B, 0x2F, 0xFF, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8E, 0x43, 0x44, 0xC4, 0xDE, 0xE9, 0xCB,
+                0x54, 0x7B, 0x94, 0x32, 0xA6, 0xC2, 0x23, 0x3D, 0xEE, 0x4C, 0x95, 0x0B, 0x42, 0xFA, 0xC3, 0x4E,
+                0x08, 0x2E, 0xA1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xD9, 0x24, 0xB2, 0x76, 0x5B, 0xA2, 0x49, 0x6D, 0x8B, 0xD1, 0x25,
+                0x72, 0xF8, 0xF6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xD4, 0xA4, 0x5C, 0xCC, 0x5D, 0x65, 0xB6, 0x92,
+                0x6C, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xFD, 0xED, 0xB9, 0xDA, 0x5E, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xA7, 0x8D, 0x9D, 0x84,
+                0x90, 0xD8, 0xAB, 0x00, 0x8C, 0xBC, 0xD3, 0x0A, 0xF7, 0xE4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xB8, 0xB3, 0x45, 0x06,
+                0xD0, 0x2C, 0x1E, 0x8F, 0xCA, 0x3F, 0x0F, 0x02, 0xC1, 0xAF, 0xBD, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8A, 0x6B,
+                0x3A, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4F, 0x67, 0xDC, 0xEA, 0x97, 0xF2, 0xCF, 0xCE, 0xF0, 0xB4, 0xE6, 0x73,
+                0x96, 0xAC, 0x74, 0x22, 0xE7, 0xAD, 0x35, 0x85, 0xE2, 0xF9, 0x37, 0xE8, 0x1C, 0x75, 0xDF, 0x6E,
+                0x47, 0xF1, 0x1A, 0x71, 0x1D, 0x29, 0xC5, 0x89, 0x6F, 0xB7, 0x62, 0x0E, 0xAA, 0x18, 0xBE, 0x1B,
+                0xFC, 0x56, 0x3E, 0x4B, 0xC6, 0xD2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9A, 0xDB, 0xC0, 0xFE, 0x78, 0xCD, 0x5A, 0xF4,
+                0x1F, 0xDD, 0xA8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xC7, 0x31, 0xB1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xEC, 0x5F,
+                0x60, 0x51, 0x7F, 0xA9, 0x19, 0xB5, 0x4A, 0x0D, 0x2D, 0xE5, 0x7A, 0x9F, 0x93, 0xC9, 0x9C, 0xEF,
+                0xA0, 0xE0, 0x3B, 0x4D, 0xAE, 0x2A, 0xF5, 0xB0, 0xC8, 0xEB, 0xBB, 0x3C, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61,
+                0x17, 0x2B, 0x04, 0x7E, 0xBA, 0x77, 0xD6, 0x26, 0xE1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0C, 0x7D
+            );
+
+            $sbox1 = array();
+            $sbox2 = array();
+            $sbox3 = array();
+
+            for ($i = 0; $i < 256; $i++) {
+                $sbox1[] = $sbox0[$i] <<  8;
+                $sbox2[] = $sbox0[$i] << 16;
+                $sbox3[] = $sbox0[$i] << 24;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $sbox0[$word       & 0x000000FF] |
+               $sbox1[$word >>  8 & 0x000000FF] |
+               $sbox2[$word >> 16 & 0x000000FF] |
+               $sbox3[$word >> 24 & 0x000000FF];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pad "packets".
+     *
+     * Rijndael works by encrypting between sixteen and thirty-two bytes at a time, provided that number is also a multiple
+     * of four.  If you ever need to encrypt or decrypt something that isn't of the proper length, it becomes necessary to
+     * pad the input so that it is of the proper length.
+     *
+     * Padding is enabled by default.  Sometimes, however, it is undesirable to pad strings.  Such is the case in SSH,
+     * where "packets" are padded with random bytes before being encrypted.  Unpad these packets and you risk stripping
+     * away characters that shouldn't be stripped away. (SSH knows how many bytes are added because the length is
+     * transmitted separately)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::disablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enablePadding()
+    {
+        $this->padding = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do not pad packets.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disablePadding()
+    {
+        $this->padding = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pads a string
+     *
+     * Pads a string using the RSA PKCS padding standards so that its length is a multiple of the blocksize.
+     * $block_size - (strlen($text) % $block_size) bytes are added, each of which is equal to 
+     * chr($block_size - (strlen($text) % $block_size)
+     *
+     * If padding is disabled and $text is not a multiple of the blocksize, the string will be padded regardless
+     * and padding will, hence forth, be enabled.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_unpad()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _pad($text)
+    {
+        $length = strlen($text);
+
+        if (!$this->padding) {
+            if ($length % $this->block_size == 0) {
+                return $text;
+            } else {
+                user_error("The plaintext's length ($length) is not a multiple of the block size ({$this->block_size})");
+                $this->padding = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $pad = $this->block_size - ($length % $this->block_size);
+
+        return str_pad($text, $length + $pad, chr($pad));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unpads a string.
+     *
+     * If padding is enabled and the reported padding length is invalid the encryption key will be assumed to be wrong
+     * and false will be returned.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::_pad()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _unpad($text)
+    {
+        if (!$this->padding) {
+            return $text;
+        }
+
+        $length = ord($text[strlen($text) - 1]);
+
+        if (!$length || $length > $this->block_size) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return substr($text, 0, -$length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive "packets" as if they are a continuous buffer.
+     *
+     * Say you have a 32-byte plaintext $plaintext.  Using the default behavior, the two following code snippets
+     * will yield different outputs:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $rijndael->encrypt(substr($plaintext,  0, 16));
+     *    echo $rijndael->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 16, 16));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $rijndael->encrypt($plaintext);
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The solution is to enable the continuous buffer.  Although this will resolve the above discrepancy, it creates
+     * another, as demonstrated with the following:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    $rijndael->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 16));
+     *    echo $rijndael->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 16, 16)));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $rijndael->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 16, 16)));
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * With the continuous buffer disabled, these would yield the same output.  With it enabled, they yield different
+     * outputs.  The reason is due to the fact that the initialization vector's change after every encryption /
+     * decryption round when the continuous buffer is enabled.  When it's disabled, they remain constant.
+     *
+     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the Crypt_Rijndael() object changes after each
+     * encryption / decryption round, whereas otherwise, it'd remain constant.  For this reason, it's recommended that
+     * continuous buffers not be used.  They do offer better security and are, in fact, sometimes required (SSH uses them),
+     * however, they are also less intuitive and more likely to cause you problems.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        $this->continuousBuffer = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive packets as if they are a discontinuous buffer.
+     *
+     * The default behavior.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_Rijndael::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        $this->continuousBuffer = false;
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->iv;
+        $this->decryptIV = $this->iv;
+        $this->enbuffer = array('encrypted' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0);
+        $this->debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+}
+
+// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
+// vim6: fdl=1:
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b4c8c3622fdd4e275b24c50543cf03cd72c6ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Crypt/TripleDES.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1080 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of Triple DES.
+ *
+ * Uses mcrypt, if available, and an internal implementation, otherwise.  Operates in the EDE3 mode (encrypt-decrypt-encrypt).
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+ *
+ *    $des = new Crypt_TripleDES();
+ *
+ *    $des->setKey('abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwx');
+ *
+ *    $size = 10 * 1024;
+ *    $plaintext = '';
+ *    for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+ *        $plaintext.= 'a';
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $des->decrypt($des->encrypt($plaintext));
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Crypt
+ * @package    Crypt_TripleDES
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: TripleDES.php,v 1.13 2010/02/26 03:40:25 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_DES
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_DES')) {
+    require_once('DES.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using inner chaining
+ *
+ * Inner chaining is used by SSH-1 and is generally considered to be less secure then outer chaining (CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC3).
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC', -2);
+
+/**
+ * Encrypt / decrypt using outer chaining
+ *
+ * Outer chaining is used by SSH-2 and when the mode is set to CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC.
+ */
+define('CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC3', CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC);
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of Triple DES.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Crypt_TerraDES
+ */
+class Crypt_TripleDES {
+    /**
+     * The Three Keys
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $key = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * The Encryption Mode
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::Crypt_TripleDES()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC;
+
+    /**
+     * Continuous Buffer status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $continuousBuffer = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Padding status
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enablePadding()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $padding = true;
+
+    /**
+     * The Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setIV()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $iv = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryptIV = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * A "sliding" Initialization Vector
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decryptIV = "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
+
+    /**
+     * The Crypt_DES objects
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $des;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for encryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::encrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enmcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for decryption
+     *
+     * The mcrypt resource can be recreated every time something needs to be created or it can be created just once.
+     * Since mcrypt operates in continuous mode, by default, it'll need to be recreated when in non-continuous mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $demcrypt;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the enmcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setKey()
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setIV()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enchanged = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Does the demcrypt resource need to be (re)initialized?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setKey()
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::setIV()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dechanged = true;
+
+    /**
+     * Is the mode one that is paddable?
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::Crypt_TripleDES()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $paddable = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::encrypt()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $enbuffer = array('encrypted' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'enmcrypt_init' => true);
+
+    /**
+     * Decryption buffer for CTR, OFB and CFB modes
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::decrypt()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'demcrypt_init' => true);
+
+    /**
+     * mcrypt resource for CFB mode
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::encrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::decrypt()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ecb;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Determines whether or not the mcrypt extension should be used.  $mode should only, at present, be
+     * CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB or CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC.  If not explictly set, CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC will be used.
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @return Crypt_TripleDES
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Crypt_TripleDES($mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC)
+    {
+        if ( !defined('CRYPT_DES_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('mcrypt') && in_array('tripledes', mcrypt_list_algorithms()):
+                    define('CRYPT_DES_MODE', CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('CRYPT_DES_MODE', CRYPT_DES_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( $mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC ) {
+            $this->mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC;
+            $this->des = array(
+                new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC),
+                new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC),
+                new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC)
+            );
+            $this->paddable = true;
+
+            // we're going to be doing the padding, ourselves, so disable it in the Crypt_DES objects
+            $this->des[0]->disablePadding();
+            $this->des[1]->disablePadding();
+            $this->des[2]->disablePadding();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch ( CRYPT_DES_MODE ) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT:
+                switch ($mode) {
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_ECB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                        $this->mode = 'ctr';
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                        $this->mode = 'ncfb';
+                        $this->ecb = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_3DES, '', MCRYPT_MODE_ECB, '');
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_NOFB;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                    default:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = MCRYPT_MODE_CBC;
+                }
+                $this->enmcrypt = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_3DES, '', $this->mode, '');
+                $this->demcrypt = mcrypt_module_open(MCRYPT_3DES, '', $this->mode, '');
+
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->des = array(
+                    new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB),
+                    new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB),
+                    new Crypt_DES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB)
+                );
+ 
+                // we're going to be doing the padding, ourselves, so disable it in the Crypt_DES objects
+                $this->des[0]->disablePadding();
+                $this->des[1]->disablePadding();
+                $this->des[2]->disablePadding();
+
+                switch ($mode) {
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = $mode;
+                        break;
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                    case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                        $this->mode = $mode;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $this->paddable = true;
+                        $this->mode = CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC;
+                }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the key.
+     *
+     * Keys can be of any length.  Triple DES, itself, can use 128-bit (eg. strlen($key) == 16) or
+     * 192-bit (eg. strlen($key) == 24) keys.  This function pads and truncates $key as appropriate.
+     *
+     * DES also requires that every eighth bit be a parity bit, however, we'll ignore that.
+     *
+     * If the key is not explicitly set, it'll be assumed to be all zero's.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $key
+     */
+    function setKey($key)
+    {
+        $length = strlen($key);
+        if ($length > 8) {
+            $key = str_pad($key, 24, chr(0));
+            // if $key is between 64 and 128-bits, use the first 64-bits as the last, per this:
+            // http://php.net/function.mcrypt-encrypt#47973
+            //$key = $length <= 16 ? substr_replace($key, substr($key, 0, 8), 16) : substr($key, 0, 24);
+        } else {
+            $key = str_pad($key, 8, chr(0));
+        }
+        $this->key = $key;
+        switch (true) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_INTERNAL:
+            case $this->mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC:
+                $this->des[0]->setKey(substr($key,  0, 8));
+                $this->des[1]->setKey(substr($key,  8, 8));
+                $this->des[2]->setKey(substr($key, 16, 8));
+        }
+        $this->enchanged = $this->dechanged = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the password.
+     *
+     * Depending on what $method is set to, setPassword()'s (optional) parameters are as follows:
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBKDF2 pbkdf2}:
+     *         $hash, $salt, $method
+     *
+     * @param String $password
+     * @param optional String $method
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setPassword($password, $method = 'pbkdf2')
+    {
+        $key = '';
+
+        switch ($method) {
+            default: // 'pbkdf2'
+                list(, , $hash, $salt, $count) = func_get_args();
+                if (!isset($hash)) {
+                    $hash = 'sha1';
+                }
+                // WPA and WPA2 use the SSID as the salt
+                if (!isset($salt)) {
+                    $salt = 'phpseclib';
+                }
+                // RFC2898#section-4.2 uses 1,000 iterations by default
+                // WPA and WPA2 use 4,096.
+                if (!isset($count)) {
+                    $count = 1000;
+                }
+
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+                }
+
+                $i = 1;
+                while (strlen($key) < 24) { // $dkLen == 24
+                    $hmac = new Crypt_Hash();
+                    $hmac->setHash($hash);
+                    $hmac->setKey($password);
+                    $f = $u = $hmac->hash($salt . pack('N', $i++));
+                    for ($j = 2; $j <= $count; $j++) {
+                        $u = $hmac->hash($u);
+                        $f^= $u;
+                    }
+                    $key.= $f;
+                }
+        }
+
+        $this->setKey($key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the initialization vector. (optional)
+     *
+     * SetIV is not required when CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB is being used.  If not explictly set, it'll be assumed
+     * to be all zero's.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function setIV($iv)
+    {
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->decryptIV = $this->iv = str_pad(substr($iv, 0, 8), 8, chr(0));
+        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC) {
+            $this->des[0]->setIV($iv);
+            $this->des[1]->setIV($iv);
+            $this->des[2]->setIV($iv);
+        }
+        $this->enchanged = $this->dechanged = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate CTR XOR encryption key
+     *
+     * Encrypt the output of this and XOR it against the ciphertext / plaintext to get the
+     * plaintext / ciphertext in CTR mode.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::decrypt()
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::encrypt()
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $iv
+     */
+    function _generate_xor(&$iv)
+    {
+        $xor = $iv;
+        for ($j = 4; $j <= 8; $j+=4) {
+            $temp = substr($iv, -$j, 4);
+            switch ($temp) {
+                case "\xFF\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x00\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
+                    break;
+                case "\x7F\xFF\xFF\xFF":
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, "\x80\x00\x00\x00", -$j, 4);
+                    break 2;
+                default:
+                    extract(unpack('Ncount', $temp));
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, pack('N', $count + 1), -$j, 4);
+                    break 2;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $xor;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Encrypts a message.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $plaintext
+     */
+    function encrypt($plaintext)
+    {
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            $plaintext = $this->_pad($plaintext);
+        }
+
+        // if the key is smaller then 8, do what we'd normally do
+        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC && strlen($this->key) > 8) {
+            $ciphertext = $this->des[2]->encrypt($this->des[1]->decrypt($this->des[0]->encrypt($plaintext)));
+
+            return $ciphertext;
+        }
+
+        if ( CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            if ($this->enchanged) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->encryptIV);
+                if ($this->mode == 'ncfb') {
+                    mcrypt_generic_init($this->ecb, $this->key, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+                }
+                $this->enchanged = false;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->mode != 'ncfb' || !$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $ciphertext = mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, $plaintext);
+            } else {
+                $iv = &$this->encryptIV;
+                $pos = &$this->enbuffer['pos'];
+                $len = strlen($plaintext);
+                $ciphertext = '';
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 8 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $ciphertext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $plaintext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $ciphertext, $orig_pos, $i);
+                    $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = true;
+                }
+                if ($len >= 8) {
+                    if ($this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] === false || $len > 950) {
+                        if ($this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] === true) {
+                            mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $iv);
+                            $this->enbuffer['enmcrypt_init'] = false;
+                        }
+                        $ciphertext.= mcrypt_generic($this->enmcrypt, substr($plaintext, $i, $len - $len % 8));
+                        $iv = substr($ciphertext, -8);
+                        $i = strlen($ciphertext);
+                        $len%= 8;
+                    } else {
+                        while ($len >= 8) {
+                            $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv) ^ substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                            $ciphertext.= $iv;
+                            $len-= 8;
+                            $i+= 8;
+                        }
+                    }
+                } 
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv);
+                    $block = $iv ^ substr($plaintext, $i);
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $block, 0, $len);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                return $ciphertext;
+            }
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->enmcrypt, $this->key, $this->encryptIV);
+            }
+
+            return $ciphertext;
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($this->key) <= 8) {
+            $this->des[0]->mode = $this->mode;
+
+            return $this->des[0]->encrypt($plaintext);
+        }
+
+        $des = $this->des;
+
+        $buffer = &$this->enbuffer;
+        $continuousBuffer = $this->continuousBuffer;
+        $ciphertext = '';
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                    // all of these _processBlock calls could, in theory, be put in a function - say Crypt_TripleDES::_ede_encrypt() or something.
+                    // only problem with that: it would slow encryption and decryption down.  $this->des would have to be called every time that
+                    // function is called, instead of once for the whole string of text that's being encrypted, which would, in turn, make 
+                    // encryption and decryption take more time, per this:
+                    //
+                    // http://blog.libssh2.org/index.php?/archives/21-Compiled-Variables.html
+                    $block = $des[0]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[1]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[2]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8) ^ $xor;
+                    $block = $des[0]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[1]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[2]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $xor = $block;
+                    $ciphertext.= $block;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['encrypted'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                        $key = $this->_generate_xor($xor);
+                        $key = $des[0]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[1]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[2]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['encrypted'].= $key;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['encrypted'], 8);
+                        $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                        $key = $this->_generate_xor($xor);
+                        $key = $des[0]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[1]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[2]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $ciphertext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) & 7) {
+                        $buffer['encrypted'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['encrypted'];
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    $ciphertext = $plaintext ^ $buffer['xor'];
+                    $iv = $buffer['encrypted'] . $ciphertext;
+                    $start = strlen($ciphertext);
+                    $buffer['encrypted'].= $ciphertext;
+                    $buffer['xor'] = substr($buffer['xor'], strlen($ciphertext));
+                } else {
+                    $ciphertext = '';
+                    $iv = $this->encryptIV;
+                    $start = 0;
+                }
+
+                for ($i = $start; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($plaintext, $i, 8);
+                    $iv = $des[0]->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $iv = $des[1]->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $xor= $des[2]->_processBlock($iv, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+
+                    $iv = $block ^ $xor;
+                    if ($continuousBuffer && strlen($iv) != 8) {
+                        $buffer = array(
+                            'encrypted' => $iv,
+                            'xor' => substr($xor, strlen($iv))
+                        );
+                    }
+                    $ciphertext.= $iv;
+                }
+
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $iv;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                $xor = $this->encryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], 8);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr($plaintext, $i, 8) ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($plaintext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $ciphertext.= substr($plaintext, $i, 8) ^ $xor;
+                    }
+                    $key = $xor;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->encryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) & 7) {
+                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return $ciphertext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Decrypts a message.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $ciphertext
+     */
+    function decrypt($ciphertext)
+    {
+        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC && strlen($this->key) > 8) {
+            $plaintext = $this->des[0]->decrypt($this->des[1]->encrypt($this->des[2]->decrypt($ciphertext)));
+
+            return $this->_unpad($plaintext);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->paddable) {
+            // we pad with chr(0) since that's what mcrypt_generic does.  to quote from http://php.net/function.mcrypt-generic :
+            // "The data is padded with "\0" to make sure the length of the data is n * blocksize."
+            $ciphertext = str_pad($ciphertext, (strlen($ciphertext) + 7) & 0xFFFFFFF8, chr(0));
+        }
+
+        if ( CRYPT_DES_MODE == CRYPT_DES_MODE_MCRYPT ) {
+            if ($this->dechanged) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->decryptIV);
+                if ($this->mode == 'ncfb') {
+                    mcrypt_generic_init($this->ecb, $this->key, "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+                }
+                $this->dechanged = false;
+            }
+
+            if ($this->mode != 'ncfb' || !$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                $plaintext = mdecrypt_generic($this->demcrypt, $ciphertext);
+            } else {
+                $iv = &$this->decryptIV;
+                $pos = &$this->debuffer['pos'];
+                $len = strlen($ciphertext);
+                $plaintext = '';
+                $i = 0;
+                if ($pos) {
+                    $orig_pos = $pos;
+                    $max = 8 - $pos;
+                    if ($len >= $max) {
+                        $i = $max;
+                        $len-= $max;
+                        $pos = 0;
+                    } else {
+                        $i = $len;
+                        $pos+= $len;
+                        $len = 0;
+                    }
+                    $plaintext = substr($iv, $orig_pos) ^ $ciphertext;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, substr($ciphertext, 0, $i), $orig_pos, $i);
+                }
+                if ($len >= 8) {
+                    $cb = substr($ciphertext, $i, $len - $len % 8);
+                    $plaintext.= mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv . $cb) ^ $cb;
+                    $iv = substr($cb, -8);
+                    $len%= 8;
+                }
+                if ($len) {
+                    $iv = mcrypt_generic($this->ecb, $iv);
+                    $cb = substr($ciphertext, -$len);
+                    $plaintext.= $iv ^ $cb;
+                    $iv = substr_replace($iv, $cb, 0, $len);
+                    $pos = $len;
+                }
+                return $plaintext;
+            }
+
+            if (!$this->continuousBuffer) {
+                mcrypt_generic_init($this->demcrypt, $this->key, $this->decryptIV);
+            }
+
+            return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+        }
+
+        if (strlen($this->key) <= 8) {
+            $this->des[0]->mode = $this->mode;
+            $plaintext = $this->des[0]->decrypt($ciphertext);
+            return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+        }
+
+        $des = $this->des;
+
+        $buffer = &$this->debuffer;
+        $continuousBuffer = $this->continuousBuffer;
+        $plaintext = '';
+        switch ($this->mode) {
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_ECB:
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                    $block = $des[2]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[1]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[0]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $plaintext.= $block;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CBC:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                    $orig = $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                    $block = $des[2]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[1]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $block = $des[0]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $plaintext.= $block ^ $xor;
+                    $xor = $orig;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                        $key = $this->_generate_xor($xor);
+                        $key = $des[0]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[1]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[2]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'].= $key;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['ciphertext'], 8);
+                        $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                        $key = $this->_generate_xor($xor);
+                        $key = $des[0]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[1]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $key = $des[2]->_processBlock($key, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $plaintext.= $block ^ $key;
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($plaintext) & 7) {
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['ciphertext'];
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_CFB:
+                if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext'])) {
+                    $plaintext = $ciphertext ^ substr($this->decryptIV, strlen($buffer['ciphertext']));
+                    $buffer['ciphertext'].= substr($ciphertext, 0, strlen($plaintext));
+                    if (strlen($buffer['ciphertext']) != 8) {
+                        $block = $this->decryptIV;
+                    } else {
+                        $block = $buffer['ciphertext'];
+                        $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($buffer['ciphertext'], CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'] = '';
+                    }
+                    $start = strlen($plaintext);
+                } else {
+                    $plaintext = '';
+                    $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($this->decryptIV, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                    $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    $start = 0;
+                }
+
+                for ($i = $start; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                    $block = substr($ciphertext, $i, 8);
+                    $plaintext.= $block ^ $xor;
+                    if ($continuousBuffer && strlen($block) != 8) {
+                        $buffer['ciphertext'].= $block;
+                        $block = $xor;
+                    } else if (strlen($block) == 8) {
+                        $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($block, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                    }
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $block;
+                }
+                break;
+            case CRYPT_DES_MODE_OFB:
+                $xor = $this->decryptIV;
+                if (strlen($buffer['xor'])) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $buffer['xor'].= $xor;
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($buffer['xor'], 8);
+                        $plaintext.= substr($ciphertext, $i, 8) ^ $key;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($ciphertext); $i+=8) {
+                        $xor = $des[0]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[1]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_DECRYPT);
+                        $xor = $des[2]->_processBlock($xor, CRYPT_DES_ENCRYPT);
+                        $plaintext.= substr($ciphertext, $i, 8) ^ $xor;
+                    }
+                    $key = $xor;
+                }
+                if ($this->continuousBuffer) {
+                    $this->decryptIV = $xor;
+                    if ($start = strlen($ciphertext) & 7) {
+                         $buffer['xor'] = substr($key, $start) . $buffer['xor'];
+                    }
+                }
+        }
+
+        return $this->paddable ? $this->_unpad($plaintext) : $plaintext;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive "packets" as if they are a continuous buffer.
+     *
+     * Say you have a 16-byte plaintext $plaintext.  Using the default behavior, the two following code snippets
+     * will yield different outputs:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 8));
+     *    echo $des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $des->encrypt($plaintext);
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * The solution is to enable the continuous buffer.  Although this will resolve the above discrepancy, it creates
+     * another, as demonstrated with the following:
+     *
+     * <code>
+     *    $des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 0, 8));
+     *    echo $des->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8)));
+     * </code>
+     * <code>
+     *    echo $des->decrypt($des->encrypt(substr($plaintext, 8, 8)));
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * With the continuous buffer disabled, these would yield the same output.  With it enabled, they yield different
+     * outputs.  The reason is due to the fact that the initialization vector's change after every encryption /
+     * decryption round when the continuous buffer is enabled.  When it's disabled, they remain constant.
+     *
+     * Put another way, when the continuous buffer is enabled, the state of the Crypt_DES() object changes after each
+     * encryption / decryption round, whereas otherwise, it'd remain constant.  For this reason, it's recommended that
+     * continuous buffers not be used.  They do offer better security and are, in fact, sometimes required (SSH uses them),
+     * however, they are also less intuitive and more likely to cause you problems.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::disableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        $this->continuousBuffer = true;
+        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC) {
+            $this->des[0]->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->des[1]->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->des[2]->enableContinuousBuffer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Treat consecutive packets as if they are a discontinuous buffer.
+     *
+     * The default behavior.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enableContinuousBuffer()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableContinuousBuffer()
+    {
+        $this->continuousBuffer = false;
+        $this->encryptIV = $this->iv;
+        $this->decryptIV = $this->iv;
+        $this->enchanged = true;
+        $this->dechanged = true;
+        $this->enbuffer = array('encrypted' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'enmcrypt_init' => true);
+        $this->debuffer = array('ciphertext' => '', 'xor' => '', 'pos' => 0, 'demcrypt_init' => true);
+
+        if ($this->mode == CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC) {
+            $this->des[0]->disableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->des[1]->disableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->des[2]->disableContinuousBuffer();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pad "packets".
+     *
+     * DES works by encrypting eight bytes at a time.  If you ever need to encrypt or decrypt something that's not
+     * a multiple of eight, it becomes necessary to pad the input so that it's length is a multiple of eight.
+     *
+     * Padding is enabled by default.  Sometimes, however, it is undesirable to pad strings.  Such is the case in SSH1,
+     * where "packets" are padded with random bytes before being encrypted.  Unpad these packets and you risk stripping
+     * away characters that shouldn't be stripped away. (SSH knows how many bytes are added because the length is
+     * transmitted separately)
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::disablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enablePadding()
+    {
+        $this->padding = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Do not pad packets.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::enablePadding()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disablePadding()
+    {
+        $this->padding = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Pads a string
+     *
+     * Pads a string using the RSA PKCS padding standards so that its length is a multiple of the blocksize (8).
+     * 8 - (strlen($text) & 7) bytes are added, each of which is equal to chr(8 - (strlen($text) & 7)
+     *
+     * If padding is disabled and $text is not a multiple of the blocksize, the string will be padded regardless
+     * and padding will, hence forth, be enabled.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::_unpad()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _pad($text)
+    {
+        $length = strlen($text);
+
+        if (!$this->padding) {
+            if (($length & 7) == 0) {
+                return $text;
+            } else {
+                user_error("The plaintext's length ($length) is not a multiple of the block size (8)", E_USER_NOTICE);
+                $this->padding = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $pad = 8 - ($length & 7);
+        return str_pad($text, $length + $pad, chr($pad));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unpads a string
+     *
+     * If padding is enabled and the reported padding length is invalid the encryption key will be assumed to be wrong
+     * and false will be returned.
+     *
+     * @see Crypt_TripleDES::_pad()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _unpad($text)
+    {
+        if (!$this->padding) {
+            return $text;
+        }
+
+        $length = ord($text[strlen($text) - 1]);
+
+        if (!$length || $length > 8) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return substr($text, 0, -$length);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+}
+
+// vim: ts=4:sw=4:et:
+// vim6: fdl=1:
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/ANSI.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/ANSI.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..29ad949e104061604c75a3c1ae91b134f12c4f56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/ANSI.php
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ANSI Decoder
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * If you call read() in Net_SSH2 you may get {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code ANSI escape codes} back.
+ * They'd look like chr(0x1B) . '[00m' or whatever (0x1B = ESC).  They tell a
+ * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator terminal emulator} how to format the characters, what
+ * color to display them in, etc. File_ANSI is a {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VT100 VT100} terminal emulator.
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   File
+ * @package    File_ANSI
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMXII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id$
+ * @link       htp://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ANSI Decoder
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.3.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package File_ANSI
+ */
+class File_ANSI {
+    /**
+     * Max Width
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_x;
+
+    /**
+     * Max Height
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_y;
+
+    /**
+     * Max History
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $max_history;
+
+    /**
+     * History
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $history;
+
+    /**
+     * History Attributes
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $history_attrs;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Column
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $x;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Row
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $y;
+
+    /**
+     * Old Column
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $old_x;
+
+    /**
+     * Old Row
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $old_y;
+
+    /**
+     * An empty attribute row
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $attr_row;
+
+    /**
+     * The current screen text
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $screen;
+
+    /**
+     * The current screen attributes
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $attrs;
+
+    /**
+     * The current foreground color
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $foreground;
+
+    /**
+     * The current background color
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $background;
+
+    /**
+     * Bold flag
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $bold;
+
+    /**
+     * Underline flag
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $underline;
+
+    /**
+     * Blink flag
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $blink;
+
+    /**
+     * Reverse flag
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $reverse;
+
+    /**
+     * Color flag
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $color;
+
+    /**
+     * Current ANSI code
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $ansi;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * @return File_ANSI
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function File_ANSI()
+    {
+        $this->setHistory(200);
+        $this->setDimensions(80, 24);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set terminal width and height
+     *
+     * Resets the screen as well
+     *
+     * @param Integer $x
+     * @param Integer $y
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setDimensions($x, $y)
+    {
+        $this->max_x = $x - 1;
+        $this->max_y = $y - 1;
+        $this->x = $this->y = 0;
+        $this->history = $this->history_attrs = array();
+        $this->attr_row = array_fill(0, $this->max_x + 1, '');
+        $this->screen = array_fill(0, $this->max_y + 1, '');
+        $this->attrs = array_fill(0, $this->max_y + 1, $this->attr_row);
+        $this->foreground = 'white';
+        $this->background = 'black';
+        $this->bold = false;
+        $this->underline = false;
+        $this->blink = false;
+        $this->reverse = false;
+        $this->color = false;
+
+        $this->ansi = '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the number of lines that should be logged past the terminal height
+     *
+     * @param Integer $x
+     * @param Integer $y
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setHistory($history)
+    {
+        $this->max_history = $history;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a string
+     *
+     * @param String $source
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function loadString($source)
+    {
+        $this->setDimensions($this->max_x + 1, $this->max_y + 1);
+        $this->appendString($source);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Appdend a string
+     *
+     * @param String $source
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function appendString($source)
+    {
+        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($source); $i++) {
+            if (strlen($this->ansi)) {
+                $this->ansi.= $source[$i];
+                $chr = ord($source[$i]);
+                // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANSI_escape_code#Sequence_elements
+                // single character CSI's not currently supported
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $this->ansi == "\x1B=":
+                        $this->ansi = '';
+                        continue 2;
+                    case strlen($this->ansi) == 2 && $chr >= 64 && $chr <= 95 && $chr != ord('['):
+                    case strlen($this->ansi) > 2 && $chr >= 64 && $chr <= 126:
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        continue 2;
+                }
+                // http://ascii-table.com/ansi-escape-sequences-vt-100.php
+                switch ($this->ansi) {
+                    case "\x1B[H":
+                        $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                        $this->old_y = $this->y;
+                        $this->x = $this->y = 0;
+                        break;
+                    case "\x1B[J":
+                        $this->history = array_merge($this->history, array_slice(array_splice($this->screen, $this->y + 1), 0, $this->old_y));
+                        $this->screen = array_merge($this->screen, array_fill($this->y, $this->max_y, ''));
+
+                        $this->history_attrs = array_merge($this->history_attrs, array_slice(array_splice($this->attrs, $this->y + 1), 0, $this->old_y));
+                        $this->attrs = array_merge($this->attrs, array_fill($this->y, $this->max_y, $this->attr_row));
+
+                        if (count($this->history) == $this->max_history) {
+                            array_shift($this->history);
+                            array_shift($this->history_attrs);
+                        }
+                    case "\x1B[K":
+                        $this->screen[$this->y] = substr($this->screen[$this->y], 0, $this->x);
+
+                        array_splice($this->attrs[$this->y], $this->x + 1);
+                        break;
+                    case "\x1B[?1h": // set cursor key to application
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        switch (true) {
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+);(\d+)H#', $this->ansi, $match):
+                                $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                                $this->old_y = $this->y;
+                                $this->x = $match[2] - 1;
+                                $this->y = $match[1] - 1;
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+)C#', $this->ansi, $match):
+                                $this->old_x = $this->x;
+                                $x = $match[1] - 1;
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d+);(\d+)r#', $this->ansi, $match): // Set top and bottom lines of a window
+                                break;
+                            case preg_match('#\x1B\[(\d*(?:;\d*)*)m#', $this->ansi, $match):
+                                $mods = explode(';', $match[1]);
+                                foreach ($mods as $mod) {
+                                    switch ($mod) {
+                                        case 0:
+                                            $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '';
+
+                                            if ($this->bold) $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x].= '</b>';
+                                            if ($this->underline) $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x].= '</underline>';
+                                            if ($this->blink) $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x].= '</blink>';
+                                            if ($this->color) $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x].= '</span>';
+
+                                            if ($this->reverse) {
+                                                $temp = $this->background;
+                                                $this->background = $this->foreground;
+                                                $this->foreground = $temp;
+                                            }
+
+                                            $this->bold = $this->underline = $this->blink = $this->color = $this->reverse = false;
+                                            break;
+                                        case 1:
+                                            if (!$this->bold) {
+                                                $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '<b>';
+                                                $this->bold = true;
+                                            }
+                                            break;
+                                        case 4:
+                                            if (!$this->underline) {
+                                                $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '<u>';
+                                                $this->underline = true;
+                                            }
+                                            break;
+                                        case 5:
+                                            if (!$this->blink) {
+                                                $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '<blink>';
+                                                $this->blink = true;
+                                            }
+                                            break;
+                                        case 7:
+                                            $this->reverse = !$this->reverse;
+                                            $temp = $this->background;
+                                            $this->background = $this->foreground;
+                                            $this->foreground = $temp;
+                                            $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '<span style="color: ' . $this->foreground . '; background: ' . $this->background . '">';
+                                            if ($this->color) {
+                                                $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '</span>' . $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x];
+                                            }
+                                            $this->color = true;
+                                            break;
+                                        default:
+                                            //$front = $this->reverse ? &$this->background : &$this->foreground;
+                                            $front = &$this->{ $this->reverse ? 'background' : 'foreground' };
+                                            //$back = $this->reverse ? &$this->foreground : &$this->background;
+                                            $back = &$this->{ $this->reverse ? 'foreground' : 'background' };
+                                            switch ($mod) {
+                                                case 30: $front = 'black'; break;
+                                                case 31: $front = 'red'; break;
+                                                case 32: $front = 'green'; break;
+                                                case 33: $front = 'yellow'; break;
+                                                case 34: $front = 'blue'; break;
+                                                case 35: $front = 'magenta'; break;
+                                                case 36: $front = 'cyan'; break;
+                                                case 37: $front = 'white'; break;
+
+                                                case 40: $back = 'black'; break;
+                                                case 41: $back = 'red'; break;
+                                                case 42: $back = 'green'; break;
+                                                case 43: $back = 'yellow'; break;
+                                                case 44: $back = 'blue'; break;
+                                                case 45: $back = 'magenta'; break;
+                                                case 46: $back = 'cyan'; break;
+                                                case 47: $back = 'white'; break;
+
+                                                default:
+                                                    user_error('Unsupported attribute: ' . $mod);
+                                                    $this->ansi = '';
+                                                    break 2;
+                                            }
+
+                                            unset($temp);
+                                            $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '<span style="color: ' . $this->foreground . '; background: ' . $this->background . '">';
+                                            if ($this->color) {
+                                                $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x] = '</span>' . $this->attrs[$this->y][$this->x];
+                                            }
+                                            $this->color = true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                echo "{$this->ansi} unsupported\r\n";
+                        }
+                }
+                $this->ansi = '';
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            switch ($source[$i]) {
+                case "\r":
+                    $this->x = 0;
+                    break;
+                case "\n":
+                    //if ($this->y < $this->max_y) {
+                    //    $this->y++;
+                    //}
+
+                    while ($this->y >= $this->max_y) {
+                        $this->history = array_merge($this->history, array(array_shift($this->screen)));
+                        $this->screen[] = '';
+
+                        $this->history_attrs = array_merge($this->history_attrs, array(array_shift($this->attrs)));
+                        $this->attrs[] = $this->attr_row;
+
+                        if (count($this->history) >= $this->max_history) {
+                            array_shift($this->history);
+                            array_shift($this->history_attrs);
+                        }
+
+                        $this->y--;
+                    }
+                    $this->y++;
+                    break;
+                case "\x0F": // shift
+                    break;
+                case "\x1B": // start ANSI escape code
+                    $this->ansi.= "\x1B";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $this->screen[$this->y] = substr_replace(
+                        $this->screen[$this->y],
+                        $source[$i],
+                        $this->x,
+                        1
+                    );
+
+                    if ($this->x > $this->max_x) {
+                        $this->x = 0;
+                        $this->y++;
+                    } else {
+                        $this->x++;
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current screen without preformating
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _getScreen()
+    {
+        $output = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i <= $this->max_y; $i++) {
+            for ($j = 0; $j <= $this->max_x + 1; $j++) {
+                if (isset($this->attrs[$i][$j])) {
+                    $output.= $this->attrs[$i][$j];
+                }
+                if (isset($this->screen[$i][$j])) {
+                    $output.= htmlspecialchars($this->screen[$i][$j]);
+                }
+            }
+            $output.= "\r\n";
+        }
+        return rtrim($output);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current screen
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function getScreen()
+    {
+        return '<pre style="color: white; background: black" width="' . ($this->max_x + 1) . '">' . $this->_getScreen() . '</pre>';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current screen and the x previous lines
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function getHistory()
+    {
+        $scrollback = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->history); $i++) {
+            for ($j = 0; $j <= $this->max_x + 1; $j++) {
+                if (isset($this->history_attrs[$i][$j])) {
+                    $scrollback.= $this->history_attrs[$i][$j];
+                }
+                if (isset($this->history[$i][$j])) {
+                    $scrollback.= htmlspecialchars($this->history[$i][$j]);
+                }
+            }
+            $scrollback.= "\r\n";
+        }
+        $scrollback.= $this->_getScreen();
+
+        return '<pre style="color: white; background: black" width="' . ($this->max_x + 1) . '">' . $scrollback . '</pre>';
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..766c6e7ebf448f14abcb4c471191fd7018acbb58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/ASN1.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ASN.1 Parser
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * ASN.1 provides the semantics for data encoded using various schemes.  The most commonly
+ * utilized scheme is DER or the "Distinguished Encoding Rules".  PEM's are base64 encoded
+ * DER blobs.
+ *
+ * File_ASN1 decodes and encodes DER formatted messages and places them in a semantic context.
+ *
+ * Uses the 1988 ASN.1 syntax.
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   File
+ * @package    File_ASN1
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMXII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id$
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Math_BigInteger
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
+    require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
+}
+
+/**#@+
+ * Tag Classes
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @link http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#page=12
+ */
+define('FILE_ASN1_CLASS_UNIVERSAL',        0);
+define('FILE_ASN1_CLASS_APPLICATION',      1);
+define('FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC', 2);
+define('FILE_ASN1_CLASS_PRIVATE',          3);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Tag Classes
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @link http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node124.html
+ */
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN',          1);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER',          2);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING',       3);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING',     4);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL',             5);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER',6);
+//define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_DESCRIPTOR',7);
+//define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INSTANCE_OF',      8); // EXTERNAL
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_REAL',             9);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ENUMERATED',      10);
+//define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_EMBEDDED',        11);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING',     12);
+//define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_RELATIVE_OID',    13);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE',        16); // SEQUENCE OF
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET',             17); // SET OF
+/**#@-*/
+/**#@+
+ * More Tag Classes
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @link http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node10.html
+ */
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING',  18);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING',19);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING',  20); // T61String
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING', 21);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING',      22);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME',        23);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME',24);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING',  25);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING',  26); // ISO646String
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERAL_STRING',  27);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING',28);
+//define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHARACTER_STRING',29);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING',      30);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Tag Aliases
+ *
+ * These tags are kinda place holders for other tags.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE',          -1);
+define('FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY',             -2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * ASN.1 Element
+ *
+ * Bypass normal encoding rules in File_ASN1::encodeDER()
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.3.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package File_ASN1
+ */
+class File_ASN1_Element {
+    /**
+     * Raw element value
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $element;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructor
+     *
+     * @param String $encoded
+     * @return File_ASN1_Element
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function File_ASN1_Element($encoded)
+    {
+        $this->element = $encoded;
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP ASN.1 Parser
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.3.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package File_ASN1
+ */
+class File_ASN1 {
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 object identifier
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_identifier
+     */
+    var $oids = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Default date format
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://php.net/class.datetime
+     */
+    var $format = 'D, d M y H:i:s O';
+
+    /**
+     * Default date format
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     * @see File_ASN1::setTimeFormat()
+     * @see File_ASN1::asn1map()
+     * @link http://php.net/class.datetime
+     */
+    var $encoded;
+
+    /**
+     * Filters
+     *
+     * If the mapping type is FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY what do we actually encode it as?
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     * @see File_ASN1::_encode_der()
+     */
+    var $filters;
+
+    /**
+     * Type mapping table for the ANY type.
+     *
+     * Structured or unknown types are mapped to a FILE_ASN1_Element.
+     * Unambiguous types get the direct mapping (int/real/bool).
+     * Others are mapped as a choice, with an extra indexing level.
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $ANYmap = array(
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN              => true,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER              => true,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING           => 'bitString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING         => 'octetString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL                 => 'null',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER    => 'objectIdentifier',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_REAL                 => true,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ENUMERATED           => 'enumerated',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING          => 'utf8String',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING       => 'numericString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING     => 'printableString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING       => 'teletexString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING      => 'videotexString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING           => 'ia5String',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME             => 'utcTime',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME     => 'generalTime',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING       => 'graphicString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING       => 'visibleString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERAL_STRING       => 'generalString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING     => 'universalString',
+        //FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHARACTER_STRING     => 'characterString',
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING           => 'bmpString'
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * String type to character size mapping table.
+     *
+     * Non-convertable types are absent from this table.
+     * size == 0 indicates variable length encoding.
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    var $stringTypeSize = array(
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING      => 0,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING       => 2,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING => 4,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING => 1,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING   => 1,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING       => 1,
+        FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING   => 1,
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Parse BER-encoding
+     *
+     * Serves a similar purpose to openssl's asn1parse
+     *
+     * @param String $encoded
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function decodeBER($encoded)
+    {
+        if (is_object($encoded) && strtolower(get_class($encoded)) == 'file_asn1_element') {
+            $encoded = $encoded->element;
+        }
+
+        $this->encoded = $encoded;
+        return $this->_decode_ber($encoded);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse BER-encoding (Helper function)
+     *
+     * Sometimes we want to get the BER encoding of a particular tag.  $start lets us do that without having to reencode.
+     * $encoded is passed by reference for the recursive calls done for FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING and
+     * FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING. In those cases, the indefinite length is used.
+     *
+     * @param String $encoded
+     * @param Integer $start
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _decode_ber(&$encoded, $start = 0)
+    {
+        $decoded = array();
+
+        while ( strlen($encoded) ) {
+            $current = array('start' => $start);
+
+            $type = ord($this->_string_shift($encoded));
+            $start++;
+
+            $constructed = ($type >> 5) & 1;
+
+            $tag = $type & 0x1F;
+            if ($tag == 0x1F) {
+                $tag = 0;
+                // process septets (since the eighth bit is ignored, it's not an octet)
+                do {
+                    $loop = ord($encoded[0]) >> 7;
+                    $tag <<= 7;
+                    $tag |= ord($this->_string_shift($encoded)) & 0x7F;
+                    $start++;
+                } while ( $loop );
+            }
+
+            // Length, as discussed in � 8.1.3 of X.690-0207.pdf#page=13
+            $length = ord($this->_string_shift($encoded));
+            $start++;
+            if ( $length == 0x80 ) { // indefinite length
+                // "[A sender shall] use the indefinite form (see 8.1.3.6) if the encoding is constructed and is not all 
+                //  immediately available." -- � 8.1.3.2.c
+                //if ( !$constructed ) {
+                //    return false;
+                //}
+                $length = strlen($encoded);
+            } elseif ( $length & 0x80 ) { // definite length, long form
+                // technically, the long form of the length can be represented by up to 126 octets (bytes), but we'll only
+                // support it up to four.
+                $length&= 0x7F;
+                $temp = $this->_string_shift($encoded, $length);
+                $start+= $length;
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', substr(str_pad($temp, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -4)));
+            }
+
+            // End-of-content, see �� 8.1.1.3, 8.1.3.2, 8.1.3.6, 8.1.5, and (for an example) 8.6.4.2
+            if (!$type && !$length) {
+                return $decoded;
+            }
+            $content = $this->_string_shift($encoded, $length);
+
+            /* Class is UNIVERSAL, APPLICATION, PRIVATE, or CONTEXT-SPECIFIC. The UNIVERSAL class is restricted to the ASN.1
+               built-in types. It defines an application-independent data type that must be distinguishable from all other
+               data types. The other three classes are user defined. The APPLICATION class distinguishes data types that
+               have a wide, scattered use within a particular presentation context. PRIVATE distinguishes data types within
+               a particular organization or country. CONTEXT-SPECIFIC distinguishes members of a sequence or set, the
+               alternatives of a CHOICE, or universally tagged set members. Only the class number appears in braces for this
+               data type; the term CONTEXT-SPECIFIC does not appear.
+
+                 -- http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node12.html */
+            $class = ($type >> 6) & 3;
+            switch ($class) {
+                case FILE_ASN1_CLASS_APPLICATION:
+                case FILE_ASN1_CLASS_PRIVATE:
+                case FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC:
+                    $decoded[] = array(
+                        'type'     => $class,
+                        'constant' => $tag,
+                        'content'  => $constructed ? $this->_decode_ber($content, $start) : $content,
+                        'length'   => $length + $start - $current['start']
+                    ) + $current;
+                    continue 2;
+            }
+
+            $current+= array('type' => $tag);
+
+            // decode UNIVERSAL tags
+            switch ($tag) {
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                    // "The contents octets shall consist of a single octet." -- � 8.2.1
+                    //if (strlen($content) != 1) {
+                    //    return false;
+                    //}
+                    $current['content'] = (bool) ord($content[0]);
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER:
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ENUMERATED:
+                    $current['content'] = new Math_BigInteger($content, -256);
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_REAL: // not currently supported
+                    return false;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING:
+                    // The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer with bit 1 as the least significant bit,
+                    // the number of unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to
+                    // seven.
+                    if (!$constructed) {
+                        $current['content'] = $content;
+                    } else {
+                        $temp = $this->_decode_ber($content, $start);
+                        $length-= strlen($content);
+                        $last = count($temp) - 1;
+                        for ($i = 0; $i < $last; $i++) {
+                            // all subtags should be bit strings
+                            //if ($temp[$i]['type'] != FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING) {
+                            //    return false;
+                            //}
+                            $current['content'].= substr($temp[$i]['content'], 1);
+                        }
+                        // all subtags should be bit strings
+                        //if ($temp[$last]['type'] != FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING) {
+                        //    return false;
+                        //}
+                        $current['content'] = $temp[$last]['content'][0] . $current['content'] . substr($temp[$i]['content'], 1);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING:
+                    if (!$constructed) {
+                        $current['content'] = $content;
+                    } else {
+                        $temp = $this->_decode_ber($content, $start);
+                        $length-= strlen($content);
+                        for ($i = 0, $size = count($temp); $i < $size; $i++) {
+                            // all subtags should be octet strings
+                            //if ($temp[$i]['type'] != FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING) {
+                            //    return false;
+                            //}
+                            $current['content'].= $temp[$i]['content'];
+                        }
+                        // $length = 
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL:
+                    // "The contents octets shall not contain any octets." -- � 8.8.2
+                    //if (strlen($content)) {
+                    //    return false;
+                    //}
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET:
+                    $current['content'] = $this->_decode_ber($content, $start);
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
+                    $temp = ord($this->_string_shift($content));
+                    $current['content'] = sprintf('%d.%d', floor($temp / 40), $temp % 40);
+                    $valuen = 0;
+                    // process septets
+                    while (strlen($content)) {
+                        $temp = ord($this->_string_shift($content));
+                        $valuen <<= 7;
+                        $valuen |= $temp & 0x7F;
+                        if (~$temp & 0x80) {
+                            $current['content'].= ".$valuen";
+                            $valuen = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // the eighth bit of the last byte should not be 1
+                    //if ($temp >> 7) {
+                    //    return false;
+                    //}
+                    break;
+                /* Each character string type shall be encoded as if it had been declared:
+                   [UNIVERSAL x] IMPLICIT OCTET STRING
+
+                     -- X.690-0207.pdf#page=23 (� 8.21.3)
+
+                   Per that, we're not going to do any validation.  If there are any illegal characters in the string, 
+                   we don't really care */
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING:
+                    // 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9, and space
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING:
+                    // Upper and lower case letters, digits, space, apostrophe, left/right parenthesis, plus sign, comma,
+                    // hyphen, full stop, solidus, colon, equal sign, question mark
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING:
+                    // The Teletex character set in CCITT's T61, space, and delete
+                    // see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletex#Character_sets
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING:
+                    // The Videotex character set in CCITT's T.100 and T.101, space, and delete
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING:
+                    // Printing character sets of international ASCII, and space
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING:
+                    // International Alphabet 5 (International ASCII)
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING:
+                    // All registered G sets, and space
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERAL_STRING:
+                    // All registered C and G sets, space and delete
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING:
+                    // ????
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING:
+                    $current['content'] = $content;
+                    break;
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME:
+                case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME:
+                    $current['content'] = $this->_decodeTime($content, $tag);
+                default:
+
+            }
+
+            $start+= $length;
+            $decoded[] = $current + array('length' => $start - $current['start']);
+        }
+
+        return $decoded;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 Decode
+     *
+     * Provides an ASN.1 semantic mapping ($mapping) from a parsed BER-encoding to a human readable format.
+     *
+     * @param Array $decoded
+     * @param Array $mapping
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function asn1map($decoded, $mapping)
+    {
+        if (isset($mapping['explicit'])) {
+            $decoded = $decoded['content'][0];
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case $mapping['type'] == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY:
+                $intype = $decoded['type'];
+                if (isset($decoded['constant']) || !isset($this->ANYmap[$intype]) || ($this->encoded[$decoded['start']] & 0x20)) {
+                    return new File_ASN1_Element(substr($this->encoded, $decoded['start'], $decoded['length']));
+                }
+                $inmap = $this->ANYmap[$intype];
+                if (is_string($inmap)) {
+                    return array($inmap => $this->asn1map($decoded, array('type' => $intype) + $mapping));
+                }
+                break;
+            case $mapping['type'] == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE:
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $option) {
+                    switch (true) {
+                        case isset($option['constant']) && $option['constant'] == $decoded['constant']:
+                        case !isset($option['constant']) && $option['type'] == $decoded['type']:
+                            $value = $this->asn1map($decoded, $option);
+                            break;
+                        case !isset($option['constant']) && $option['type'] == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE:
+                            $v = $this->asn1map($decoded, $option);
+                            if (isset($v)) {
+                                $value = $v;
+                            }
+                    }
+                    if (isset($value)) {
+                        return array($key => $value);
+                    }
+                }
+                return NULL;
+            case isset($mapping['implicit']):
+            case isset($mapping['explicit']):
+            case $decoded['type'] == $mapping['type']:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($mapping['implicit'])) {
+            $decoded['type'] = $mapping['type'];
+        }
+
+        switch ($decoded['type']) {
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+                $map = array();
+
+                // ignore the min and max
+                if (isset($mapping['min']) && isset($mapping['max'])) {
+                    $child = $mapping['children'];
+                    foreach ($decoded['content'] as $content) {
+                        if (($map[] = $this->asn1map($content, $child)) === NULL) {
+                            return NULL;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return $map;
+                }
+
+                $n = count($decoded['content']);
+                $i = 0;
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    $maymatch = $i < $n; // Match only existing input.
+                    if ($maymatch) {
+                        $temp = $decoded['content'][$i];
+
+                        if ($child['type'] != FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            // Get the mapping and input class & constant.
+                            $childClass = $tempClass = FILE_ASN1_CLASS_UNIVERSAL;
+                            $constant = NULL;
+                            if (isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                                $tempClass = isset($temp['class']) ? $temp['class'] : FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                            }
+                            if (isset($child['class'])) {
+                                $childClass = $child['class'];
+                                $constant = $child['cast'];
+                            }
+                            elseif (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                                $childClass = FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                                $constant = $child['constant'];
+                            }
+
+                            if (isset($constant) && isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                                // Can only match if constants and class match.
+                                $maymatch = $constant == $temp['constant'] && $childClass == $tempClass;
+                            } else {
+                                // Can only match if no constant expected and type matches or is generic.
+                                $maymatch = !isset($child['constant']) && array_search($child['type'], array($temp['type'], FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY, FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE)) !== false;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if ($maymatch) {
+                        // Attempt submapping.
+                        $candidate = $this->asn1map($temp, $child);
+                        $maymatch = $candidate !== NULL;
+                    }
+
+                    if ($maymatch) {
+                        // Got the match: use it.
+                        $map[$key] = $candidate;
+                        $i++;
+                    } elseif (isset($child['default'])) {
+                        $map[$key] = $child['default']; // Use default.
+                    } elseif (!isset($child['optional'])) {
+                        return NULL; // Syntax error.
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Fail mapping if all input items have not been consumed.
+                return $i < $n? NULL: $map;
+
+            // the main diff between sets and sequences is the encapsulation of the foreach in another for loop
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET:
+                $map = array();
+
+                // ignore the min and max
+                if (isset($mapping['min']) && isset($mapping['max'])) {
+                    $child = $mapping['children'];
+                    foreach ($decoded['content'] as $content) {
+                        if (($map[] = $this->asn1map($content, $child)) === NULL) {
+                            return NULL;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return $map;
+                }
+
+                for ($i = 0; $i < count($decoded['content']); $i++) {
+                    $temp = $decoded['content'][$i];
+                    $tempClass = FILE_ASN1_CLASS_UNIVERSAL;
+                    if (isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                        $tempClass = isset($temp['class']) ? $temp['class'] : FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                    }
+
+                    foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                        if (isset($map[$key])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        $maymatch = true;
+                        if ($child['type'] != FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            $childClass = FILE_ASN1_CLASS_UNIVERSAL;
+                            $constant = NULL;
+                            if (isset($child['class'])) {
+                                $childClass = $child['class'];
+                                $constant = $child['cast'];
+                            }
+                            elseif (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                                $childClass = FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC;
+                                $constant = $child['constant'];
+                            }
+
+                            if (isset($constant) && isset($temp['constant'])) {
+                                // Can only match if constants and class match.
+                                $maymatch = $constant == $temp['constant'] && $childClass == $tempClass;
+                            } else {
+                                // Can only match if no constant expected and type matches or is generic.
+                                $maymatch = !isset($child['constant']) && array_search($child['type'], array($temp['type'], FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY, FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE)) !== false;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if ($maymatch) {
+                            // Attempt submapping.
+                            $candidate = $this->asn1map($temp, $child);
+                            $maymatch = $candidate !== NULL;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!$maymatch) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        // Got the match: use it.
+                        $map[$key] = $candidate;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    if (!isset($map[$key])) {
+                        if (isset($child['default'])) {
+                            $map[$key] = $child['default'];
+                        } elseif (!isset($child['optional'])) {
+                            return NULL;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                return $map;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
+                return isset($this->oids[$decoded['content']]) ? $this->oids[$decoded['content']] : $decoded['content'];
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME:
+                if (isset($mapping['implicit'])) {
+                    $decoded['content'] = $this->_decodeTime($decoded['content'], $decoded['type']);
+                }
+                return @date($this->format, $decoded['content']);
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING:
+                if (isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $offset = ord($decoded['content'][0]);
+                    $size = (strlen($decoded['content']) - 1) * 8 - $offset;
+                    /*
+                       From X.680-0207.pdf#page=46 (21.7):
+
+                       "When a "NamedBitList" is used in defining a bitstring type ASN.1 encoding rules are free to add (or remove)
+                        arbitrarily any trailing 0 bits to (or from) values that are being encoded or decoded. Application designers should
+                        therefore ensure that different semantics are not associated with such values which differ only in the number of trailing
+                        0 bits."
+                    */
+                    $bits = count($mapping['mapping']) == $size ? array() : array_fill(0, count($mapping['mapping']) - $size, false);
+                    for ($i = strlen($decoded['content']) - 1; $i > 0; $i--) {
+                        $current = ord($decoded['content'][$i]);
+                        for ($j = $offset; $j < 8; $j++) {
+                            $bits[] = (bool) ($current & (1 << $j));
+                        }
+                        $offset = 0;
+                    }
+                    $values = array();
+                    $map = array_reverse($mapping['mapping']);
+                    foreach ($map as $i => $value) {
+                        if ($bits[$i]) {
+                            $values[] = $value;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return $values;
+                }
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING:
+                return base64_encode($decoded['content']);
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL:
+                return '';
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                return $decoded['content'];
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERAL_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING:
+                return $decoded['content'];
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ENUMERATED:
+                $temp = $decoded['content'];
+                if (isset($mapping['implicit'])) {
+                    $temp = new Math_BigInteger($decoded['content'], -256);
+                }
+                if (isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $temp = (int) $temp->toString();
+                    return isset($mapping['mapping'][$temp]) ?
+                        $mapping['mapping'][$temp] :
+                        false;
+                }
+                return $temp;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 Encode
+     *
+     * DER-encodes an ASN.1 semantic mapping ($mapping).  Some libraries would probably call this function
+     * an ASN.1 compiler.
+     *
+     * @param String $source
+     * @param String $mapping
+     * @param Integer $idx
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function encodeDER($source, $mapping)
+    {
+        $this->location = array();
+        return $this->_encode_der($source, $mapping);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 Encode (Helper function)
+     *
+     * @param String $source
+     * @param String $mapping
+     * @param Integer $idx
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _encode_der($source, $mapping, $idx = NULL)
+    {
+        if (is_object($source) && strtolower(get_class($source)) == 'file_asn1_element') {
+            return $source->element;
+        }
+
+        // do not encode (implicitly optional) fields with value set to default
+        if (isset($mapping['default']) && $source === $mapping['default']) {
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        if (isset($idx)) {
+            $this->location[] = $idx;
+        }
+
+        $tag = $mapping['type'];
+
+        switch ($tag) {
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET:    // Children order is not important, thus process in sequence.
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE:
+                $tag|= 0x20; // set the constructed bit
+                $value = '';
+
+                // ignore the min and max
+                if (isset($mapping['min']) && isset($mapping['max'])) {
+                    $child = $mapping['children'];
+
+                    foreach ($source as $content) {
+                        $temp = $this->_encode_der($content, $child);
+                        if ($temp === false) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        $value.= $temp;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    if (!isset($source[$key])) {
+                        if (!isset($child['optional'])) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $temp = $this->_encode_der($source[$key], $child, $key);
+                    if ($temp === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    // An empty child encoding means it has been optimized out.
+                    // Else we should have at least one tag byte.
+                    if ($temp === '') {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // if isset($child['constant']) is true then isset($child['optional']) should be true as well
+                    if (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                        /*
+                           From X.680-0207.pdf#page=58 (30.6):
+
+                           "The tagging construction specifies explicit tagging if any of the following holds:
+                            ...
+                            c) the "Tag Type" alternative is used and the value of "TagDefault" for the module is IMPLICIT TAGS or
+                            AUTOMATIC TAGS, but the type defined by "Type" is an untagged choice type, an untagged open type, or
+                            an untagged "DummyReference" (see ITU-T Rec. X.683 | ISO/IEC 8824-4, 8.3)."
+                         */
+                        if (isset($child['explicit']) || $child['type'] == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            $subtag = chr((FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 0x20 | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
+                        } else {
+                            $subtag = chr((FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | (ord($temp[0]) & 0x20) | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . substr($temp, 1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    $value.= $temp;
+                }
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE:
+                $temp = false;
+
+                foreach ($mapping['children'] as $key => $child) {
+                    if (!isset($source[$key])) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $temp = $this->_encode_der($source[$key], $child, $key);
+                    if ($temp === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+
+                    // An empty child encoding means it has been optimized out.
+                    // Else we should have at least one tag byte.
+                    if ($temp === '') {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    $tag = ord($temp[0]);
+
+                    // if isset($child['constant']) is true then isset($child['optional']) should be true as well
+                    if (isset($child['constant'])) {
+                        if (isset($child['explicit']) || $child['type'] == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE) {
+                            $subtag = chr((FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 0x20 | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
+                        } else {
+                            $subtag = chr((FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | (ord($temp[0]) & 0x20) | $child['constant']);
+                            $temp = $subtag . substr($temp, 1);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (isset($idx)) {
+                    array_pop($this->location);
+                }
+
+                if ($temp && isset($mapping['cast'])) {
+                    $temp[0] = chr(($mapping['class'] << 6) | ($tag & 0x20) | $mapping['cast']);
+                }
+
+                return $temp;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ENUMERATED:
+                if (!isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $value = $source->toBytes(true);
+                } else {
+                    $value = array_search($source, $mapping['mapping']);
+                    if ($value === false) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $value = new Math_BigInteger($value);
+                    $value = $value->toBytes(true);
+                }
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME:
+                $format = $mapping['type'] == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME ? 'y' : 'Y';
+                $format.= 'mdHis';
+                $value = @gmdate($format, strtotime($source)) . 'Z';
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING:
+                if (isset($mapping['mapping'])) {
+                    $bits = array_fill(0, count($mapping['mapping']), 0);
+                    $size = 0;
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($mapping['mapping']); $i++) {
+                        if (in_array($mapping['mapping'][$i], $source)) {
+                            $bits[$i] = 1;
+                            $size = $i;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    $offset = 8 - (($size + 1) & 7);
+                    $offset = $offset !== 8 ? $offset : 0;
+
+                    $value = chr($offset);
+
+                    for ($i = $size + 1; $i < count($mapping['mapping']); $i++) {
+                        unset($bits[$i]);
+                    }
+
+                    $bits = implode('', array_pad($bits, $size + $offset + 1, 0));
+                    $bytes = explode(' ', rtrim(chunk_split($bits, 8, ' ')));
+                    foreach ($bytes as $byte) {
+                        $value.= chr(bindec($byte));
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING:
+                /* The initial octet shall encode, as an unsigned binary integer with bit 1 as the least significant bit,
+                   the number of unused bits in the final subsequent octet. The number shall be in the range zero to seven.
+
+                   -- http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#page=16 */
+                $value = base64_decode($source);
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER:
+                $oid = preg_match('#(?:\d+\.)+#', $source) ? $source : array_search($source, $this->oids);
+                if ($oid === false) {
+                    user_error('Invalid OID');
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $value = '';
+                $parts = explode('.', $oid);
+                $value = chr(40 * $parts[0] + $parts[1]);
+                for ($i = 2; $i < count($parts); $i++) {
+                    $temp = '';
+                    if (!$parts[$i]) {
+                        $temp = "\0";
+                    } else {
+                        while ($parts[$i]) {
+                            $temp = chr(0x80 | ($parts[$i] & 0x7F)) . $temp;
+                            $parts[$i] >>= 7;
+                        }
+                        $temp[strlen($temp) - 1] = $temp[strlen($temp) - 1] & chr(0x7F);
+                    }
+                    $value.= $temp;
+                }
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY:
+                $loc = $this->location;
+                if (isset($idx)) {
+                    array_pop($this->location);
+                }
+
+                switch (true) {
+                    case !isset($source):
+                        return $this->_encode_der(NULL, array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL) + $mapping);
+                    case is_int($source):
+                    case is_object($source) && strtolower(get_class($source)) == 'math_biginteger':
+                        return $this->_encode_der($source, array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER) + $mapping);
+                    case is_float($source):
+                        return $this->_encode_der($source, array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_REAL) + $mapping);
+                    case is_bool($source):
+                        return $this->_encode_der($source, array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN) + $mapping);
+                    case is_array($source) && count($source) == 1:
+                        $typename = implode('', array_keys($source));
+                        $outtype = array_search($typename, $this->ANYmap, true);
+                        if ($outtype !== false) {
+                            return $this->_encode_der($source[$typename], array('type' => $outtype) + $mapping);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                $filters = $this->filters;
+                foreach ($loc as $part) {
+                    if (!isset($filters[$part])) {
+                        $filters = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    $filters = $filters[$part];
+                }
+                if ($filters === false) {
+                    user_error('No filters defined for ' . implode('/', $loc));
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return $this->_encode_der($source, $filters + $mapping);
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL:
+                $value = '';
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VIDEOTEX_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GRAPHIC_STRING:
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERAL_STRING:
+                $value = $source;
+                break;
+            case FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
+                $value = $source ? "\xFF" : "\x00";
+                break;
+            default:
+                user_error('Mapping provides no type definition for ' . implode('/', $this->location));
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($idx)) {
+            array_pop($this->location);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($mapping['cast'])) {
+            $tag = ($mapping['class'] << 6) | ($tag & 0x20) | $mapping['cast'];
+        }
+
+        return chr($tag) . $this->_encodeLength(strlen($value)) . $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-encode the length
+     *
+     * DER supports lengths up to (2**8)**127, however, we'll only support lengths up to (2**8)**4.  See
+     * {@link http://itu.int/ITU-T/studygroups/com17/languages/X.690-0207.pdf#p=13 X.690 � 8.1.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $length
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _encodeLength($length)
+    {
+        if ($length <= 0x7F) {
+            return chr($length);
+        }
+
+        $temp = ltrim(pack('N', $length), chr(0));
+        return pack('Ca*', 0x80 | strlen($temp), $temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * BER-decode the time
+     *
+     * Called by _decode_ber() and in the case of implicit tags asn1map().
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $content
+     * @param Integer $tag
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _decodeTime($content, $tag)
+    {
+        /* UTCTime:
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5.1
+           http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node15.html
+
+           GeneralizedTime:
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5.2
+           http://www.obj-sys.com/asn1tutorial/node14.html */
+
+        $pattern = $tag == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME ?
+            '#(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..)(.*)#' :
+            '#(....)(..)(..)(..)(..)(..).*([Z+-].*)$#';
+
+        preg_match($pattern, $content, $matches);
+
+        list(, $year, $month, $day, $hour, $minute, $second, $timezone) = $matches;
+
+        if ($tag == FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME) {
+            $year = $year >= 50 ? "19$year" : "20$year";
+        }
+
+        if ($timezone == 'Z') {
+            $mktime = 'gmmktime';
+            $timezone = 0;
+        } elseif (preg_match('#([+-])(\d\d)(\d\d)#', $timezone, $matches)) {
+            $mktime = 'gmmktime';
+            $timezone = 60 * $matches[3] + 3600 * $matches[2];
+            if ($matches[1] == '-') {
+                $timezone = -$timezone;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $mktime = 'mktime';
+            $timezone = 0;
+        }
+
+        return @$mktime($hour, $minute, $second, $month, $day, $year) + $timezone;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the time format
+     *
+     * Sets the time / date format for asn1map().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param String $format
+     */
+    function setTimeFormat($format)
+    {
+        $this->format = $format;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load OIDs
+     *
+     * Load the relevant OIDs for a particular ASN.1 semantic mapping.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Array $oids
+     */
+    function loadOIDs($oids)
+    {
+        $this->oids = $oids;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load filters
+     *
+     * See File_X509, etc, for an example.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @param Array $filters
+     */
+    function loadFilters($filters)
+    {
+        $this->filters = $filters;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String type conversion
+     *
+     * This is a lazy conversion, dealing only with character size.
+     * No real conversion table is used.
+     *
+     * @param String $in
+     * @param optional Integer $from
+     * @param optional Integer $to
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function convert($in, $from = FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING, $to = FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING)
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->stringTypeSize[$from]) || !isset($this->stringTypeSize[$to])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $insize = $this->stringTypeSize[$from];
+        $outsize = $this->stringTypeSize[$to];
+        $inlength = strlen($in);
+        $out = '';
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $inlength;) {
+            if ($inlength - $i < $insize) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Get an input character as a 32-bit value.
+            $c = ord($in[$i++]);
+            switch (true) {
+                case $insize == 4:
+                    $c = ($c << 8) | ord($in[$i++]);
+                    $c = ($c << 8) | ord($in[$i++]);
+                case $insize == 2:
+                    $c = ($c << 8) | ord($in[$i++]);
+                case $insize == 1:
+                    break;
+                case ($c & 0x80) == 0x00:
+                    break;
+                case ($c & 0x40) == 0x00:
+                    return false;
+                default:
+                    $bit = 6;
+                    do {
+                        if ($bit > 25 || $i >= $inlength || (ord($in[$i]) & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        $c = ($c << 6) | (ord($in[$i++]) & 0x3F);
+                        $bit += 5;
+                        $mask = 1 << $bit;
+                    } while ($c & $bit);
+                    $c &= $mask - 1;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // Convert and append the character to output string.
+            $v = '';
+            switch (true) {
+                case $outsize == 4:
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                case $outsize == 2:
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                case $outsize == 1:
+                    $v .= chr($c & 0xFF);
+                    $c >>= 8;
+                    if ($c) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case ($c & 0x80000000) != 0:
+                    return false;
+                case $c >= 0x04000000:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x04000000;
+                case $c >= 0x00200000:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x00200000;
+                case $c >= 0x00010000:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x00010000;
+                case $c >= 0x00000800:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x00000800;
+                case $c >= 0x00000080:
+                    $v .= chr(0x80 | ($c & 0x3F));
+                    $c = ($c >> 6) | 0x000000C0;
+                default:
+                    $v .= chr($c);
+                    break;
+            }
+            $out .= strrev($v);
+        }
+        return $out;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/X509.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/X509.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..278da62e26208c9d1a547040b3479f010ea9029c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/File/X509.php
@@ -0,0 +1,4323 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP X.509 Parser
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Encode and decode X.509 certificates.
+ *
+ * The extensions are from {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280 RFC5280} and 
+ * {@link http://web.archive.org/web/19961027104704/http://www3.netscape.com/eng/security/cert-exts.html Netscape Certificate Extensions}.
+ *
+ * Note that loading an X.509 certificate and resaving it may invalidate the signature.  The reason being that the signature is based on a
+ * portion of the certificate that contains optional parameters with default values.  ie. if the parameter isn't there the default value is
+ * used.  Problem is, if the parameter is there and it just so happens to have the default value there are two ways that that parameter can
+ * be encoded.  It can be encoded explicitly or left out all together.  This would effect the signature value and thus may invalidate the
+ * the certificate all together unless the certificate is re-signed.
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   File
+ * @package    File_X509
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMXII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id$
+ * @link       htp://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include File_ASN1
+ */
+if (!class_exists('File_ASN1')) {
+    require_once('File/ASN1.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Flag to only accept signatures signed by certificate authorities
+ *
+ * @access public
+ * @see File_X509::validateSignature()
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_VALIDATE_SIGNATURE_BY_CA', 1);
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see File_X509::getDN()
+ */
+/**
+ * Return internal array representation
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_DN_ARRAY', 0);
+/**
+ * Return string
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_DN_STRING', 1);
+/**
+ * Return ASN.1 name string
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_DN_ASN1', 2);
+/**
+ * Return OpenSSL compatible array
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_DN_OPENSSL', 3);
+/**
+ * Return canonical ASN.1 RDNs string
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_DN_CANON', 4);
+/**
+ * Return name hash for file indexing
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_DN_HASH', 5);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see File_X509::saveX509()
+ * @see File_X509::saveCSR()
+ * @see File_X509::saveCRL()
+ */
+/**
+ * Save as PEM
+ *
+ * ie. a base64-encoded PEM with a header and a footer
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM', 0);
+/**
+ * Save as DER
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_FORMAT_DER', 1);
+/**
+ * Save as a SPKAC
+ *
+ * Only works on CSRs. Not currently supported.
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_FORMAT_SPKAC', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Attribute value disposition.
+ * If disposition is >= 0, this is the index of the target value.
+ */
+define('FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL', -1); // All attribute values (array).
+define('FILE_X509_ATTR_APPEND', -2); // Add a value.
+define('FILE_X509_ATTR_REPLACE', -3); // Clear first, then add a value.
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP X.509 Parser
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.3.1
+ * @access  public
+ * @package File_X509
+ */
+class File_X509 {
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 syntax for X.509 certificates
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $Certificate;
+
+    /**#@+
+     * ASN.1 syntax for various extensions
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $DirectoryString;
+    var $PKCS9String;
+    var $AttributeValue;
+    var $Extensions;
+    var $KeyUsage;
+    var $ExtKeyUsageSyntax;
+    var $BasicConstraints;
+    var $KeyIdentifier;
+    var $CRLDistributionPoints;
+    var $AuthorityKeyIdentifier;
+    var $CertificatePolicies;
+    var $AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax;
+    var $SubjectAltName;
+    var $PrivateKeyUsagePeriod;
+    var $IssuerAltName;
+    var $PolicyMappings;
+    var $NameConstraints;
+
+    var $CPSuri;
+    var $UserNotice;
+
+    var $netscape_cert_type;
+    var $netscape_comment;
+    var $netscape_ca_policy_url;
+
+    var $Name;
+    var $RelativeDistinguishedName;
+    var $CRLNumber;
+    var $CRLReason;
+    var $IssuingDistributionPoint;
+    var $InvalidityDate;
+    var $CertificateIssuer;
+    var $HoldInstructionCode;
+    var $SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge;
+    /**#@-*/
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 syntax for Certificate Signing Requests (RFC2986)
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $CertificationRequest;
+
+    /**
+     * ASN.1 syntax for Certificate Revocation Lists (RFC5280)
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $CertificateList;
+
+    /**
+     * Distinguished Name
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dn;
+
+    /**
+     * Public key
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $publicKey;
+
+    /**
+     * Private key
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $privateKey;
+
+    /**
+     * Object identifiers for X.509 certificates
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     * @link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_identifier
+     */
+    var $oids;
+
+    /**
+     * The certificate authorities
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $CAs;
+
+    /**
+     * The currently loaded certificate
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $currentCert;
+
+    /**
+     * The signature subject
+     *
+     * There's no guarantee File_X509 is going to reencode an X.509 cert in the same way it was originally
+     * encoded so we take save the portion of the original cert that the signature would have made for. 
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signatureSubject;
+
+    /**
+     * Certificate Start Date
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $startDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Certificate End Date
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $endDate;
+
+    /**
+     * Serial Number
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $serialNumber;
+
+    /**
+     * Key Identifier
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.1 RFC5280#section-4.2.1.1} and
+     * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2.1.2 RFC5280#section-4.2.1.2}.
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $currentKeyIdentifier;
+
+    /**
+     * CA Flag
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $caFlag = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * @return File_X509
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function File_X509()
+    {
+        // Explicitly Tagged Module, 1988 Syntax
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#appendix-A.1
+
+        $this->DirectoryString = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'teletexString'   => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_TELETEX_STRING),
+                'printableString' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING),
+                'universalString' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UNIVERSAL_STRING),
+                'utf8String'      => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING),
+                'bmpString'       => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->PKCS9String = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'ia5String'       => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING),
+                'directoryString' => $this->DirectoryString
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->AttributeValue = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY);
+
+        $AttributeType = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $AttributeTypeAndValue = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'type' => $AttributeType,
+                'value'=> $this->AttributeValue
+            )
+        );
+
+        /*
+        In practice, RDNs containing multiple name-value pairs (called "multivalued RDNs") are rare,
+        but they can be useful at times when either there is no unique attribute in the entry or you
+        want to ensure that the entry's DN contains some useful identifying information.
+
+        - https://www.opends.org/wiki/page/DefinitionRelativeDistinguishedName
+        */
+        $this->RelativeDistinguishedName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $AttributeTypeAndValue
+        );
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.4
+        $RDNSequence = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            // RDNSequence does not define a min or a max, which means it doesn't have one
+            'min'      => 0,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $this->RelativeDistinguishedName
+        );
+
+        $this->Name = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'rdnSequence' => $RDNSequence
+            )
+        );
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.1.2
+        $AlgorithmIdentifier = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'algorithm'  => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'parameters' => array(
+                                    'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY,
+                                    'optional' => true
+                                )
+            )
+        );
+
+        /*
+           A certificate using system MUST reject the certificate if it encounters
+           a critical extension it does not recognize; however, a non-critical
+           extension may be ignored if it is not recognized.
+
+           http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.2
+        */
+        $Extension = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'extnId'   => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'critical' => array(
+                                  'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                  'optional' => true,
+                                  'default'  => false
+                              ),
+                'extnValue' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->Extensions = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            // technically, it's MAX, but we'll assume anything < 0 is MAX
+            'max'      => -1,
+            // if 'children' isn't an array then 'min' and 'max' must be defined
+            'children' => $Extension
+        );
+
+        $SubjectPublicKeyInfo = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'algorithm'        => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'subjectPublicKey' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $UniqueIdentifier = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING);
+
+        $Time = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'utcTime'     => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTC_TIME),
+                'generalTime' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME)
+            )
+        );
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
+        $Validity = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'notBefore' => $Time,
+                'notAfter'  => $Time
+            )
+        );
+
+        $CertificateSerialNumber = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+        $Version = array(
+            'type'    => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER,
+            'mapping' => array('v1', 'v2', 'v3')
+        );
+
+        // assert($TBSCertificate['children']['signature'] == $Certificate['children']['signatureAlgorithm'])
+        $TBSCertificate = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                // technically, default implies optional, but we'll define it as being optional, none-the-less, just to
+                // reenforce that fact
+                'version'             => array(
+                                             'constant' => 0,
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'explicit' => true,
+                                             'default'  => 'v1'
+                                         ) + $Version,
+                'serialNumber'         => $CertificateSerialNumber,
+                'signature'            => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'issuer'               => $this->Name,
+                'validity'             => $Validity,
+                'subject'              => $this->Name,
+                'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+                // implicit means that the T in the TLV structure is to be rewritten, regardless of the type
+                'issuerUniqueID'       => array(
+                                               'constant' => 1,
+                                               'optional' => true,
+                                               'implicit' => true
+                                           ) + $UniqueIdentifier,
+                'subjectUniqueID'       => array(
+                                               'constant' => 2,
+                                               'optional' => true,
+                                               'implicit' => true
+                                           ) + $UniqueIdentifier,
+                // <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2459#page-74> doesn't use the EXPLICIT keyword but if
+                // it's not IMPLICIT, it's EXPLICIT
+                'extensions'            => array(
+                                               'constant' => 3,
+                                               'optional' => true,
+                                               'explicit' => true
+                                           ) + $this->Extensions
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->Certificate = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'tbsCertificate'     => $TBSCertificate,
+                 'signatureAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                 'signature'          => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->KeyUsage = array(
+            'type'    => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING,
+            'mapping' => array(
+                'digitalSignature',
+                'nonRepudiation',
+                'keyEncipherment',
+                'dataEncipherment',
+                'keyAgreement',
+                'keyCertSign',
+                'cRLSign',
+                'encipherOnly',
+                'decipherOnly'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->BasicConstraints = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'cA'                => array(
+                                                 'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'default'  => false
+                                       ),
+                'pathLenConstraint' => array(
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER,
+                                                 'optional' => true
+                                       )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->KeyIdentifier = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING);
+
+        $OrganizationalUnitNames = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => 4, // ub-organizational-units
+            'children' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+        );
+
+        $PersonalName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET,
+            'children' => array(
+                'surname'              => array(
+                                           'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 0,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         ),
+                'given-name'           => array(
+                                           'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 1,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         ),
+                'initials'             => array(
+                                           'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 2,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         ),
+                'generation-qualifier' => array(
+                                           'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                           'constant' => 3,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                         )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $NumericUserIdentifier = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING);
+
+        $OrganizationName = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING);
+
+        $PrivateDomainName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'numeric'   => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
+                'printable' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $TerminalIdentifier = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING);
+
+        $NetworkAddress = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING);
+
+        $AdministrationDomainName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            // if class isn't present it's assumed to be FILE_ASN1_CLASS_UNIVERSAL or
+            // (if constant is present) FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
+            'class'    => FILE_ASN1_CLASS_APPLICATION,
+            'cast'     => 2,
+            'children' => array(
+                'numeric'   => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
+                'printable' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $CountryName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            // if class isn't present it's assumed to be FILE_ASN1_CLASS_UNIVERSAL or
+            // (if constant is present) FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC
+            'class'    => FILE_ASN1_CLASS_APPLICATION,
+            'cast'     => 1,
+            'children' => array(
+                'x121-dcc-code'        => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NUMERIC_STRING),
+                'iso-3166-alpha2-code' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $AnotherName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'type-id' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                 'value'   => array(
+                                  'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY,
+                                  'constant' => 0,
+                                  'optional' => true,
+                                  'explicit' => true
+                              )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $ExtensionAttribute = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'extension-attribute-type'  => array(
+                                                    'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING,
+                                                    'constant' => 0,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                 'extension-attribute-value' => array(
+                                                    'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY,
+                                                    'constant' => 1,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'explicit' => true
+                                                )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $ExtensionAttributes = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => 256, // ub-extension-attributes
+            'children' => $ExtensionAttribute
+        );
+
+        $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'type'  => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING),
+                 'value' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => 4, // ub-domain-defined-attributes
+            'children' => $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttribute
+        );
+
+        $BuiltInStandardAttributes =  array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'country-name'               => array('optional' => true) + $CountryName,
+                'administration-domain-name' => array('optional' => true) + $AdministrationDomainName,
+                'network-address'            => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $NetworkAddress,
+                'terminal-identifier'        => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $TerminalIdentifier,
+                'private-domain-name'        => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'explicit' => true
+                                               ) + $PrivateDomainName,
+                'organization-name'          => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 3,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $OrganizationName,
+                'numeric-user-identifier'    => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 4,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $NumericUserIdentifier,
+                'personal-name'              => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 5,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $PersonalName,
+                'organizational-unit-names'  => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 6,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $OrganizationalUnitNames
+            )
+        );
+
+        $ORAddress = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'built-in-standard-attributes'       => $BuiltInStandardAttributes,
+                 'built-in-domain-defined-attributes' => array('optional' => true) + $BuiltInDomainDefinedAttributes,
+                 'extension-attributes'               => array('optional' => true) + $ExtensionAttributes
+            )
+        );
+
+        $EDIPartyName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                 'nameAssigner' => array(
+                                    'constant' => 0,
+                                    'optional' => true,
+                                    'implicit' => true
+                                ) + $this->DirectoryString,
+                 // partyName is technically required but File_ASN1 doesn't currently support non-optional constants and
+                 // setting it to optional gets the job done in any event.
+                 'partyName'    => array(
+                                    'constant' => 1,
+                                    'optional' => true,
+                                    'implicit' => true
+                                ) + $this->DirectoryString
+            )
+        );
+
+        $GeneralName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'otherName'                 => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $AnotherName,
+                'rfc822Name'                => array(
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'dNSName'                   => array(
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'x400Address'               => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 3,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $ORAddress,
+                'directoryName'             => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 4,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'explicit' => true
+                                               ) + $this->Name,
+                'ediPartyName'              => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 5,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $EDIPartyName,
+                'uniformResourceIdentifier' => array(
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 6,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'iPAddress'                 => array(
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OCTET_STRING,
+                                                 'constant' => 7,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ),
+                'registeredID'              => array(
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER,
+                                                 'constant' => 8,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $GeneralNames = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $GeneralName
+        );
+
+        $this->IssuerAltName = $GeneralNames;
+
+        $ReasonFlags = array(
+            'type'    => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING,
+            'mapping' => array(
+                'unused',
+                'keyCompromise',
+                'cACompromise',
+                'affiliationChanged',
+                'superseded',
+                'cessationOfOperation',
+                'certificateHold',
+                'privilegeWithdrawn',
+                'aACompromise'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $DistributionPointName = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'fullName'                => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralNames,
+                'nameRelativeToCRLIssuer' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $this->RelativeDistinguishedName
+            )
+        );
+
+        $DistributionPoint = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'distributionPoint' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'explicit' => true
+                                       ) + $DistributionPointName,
+                'reasons'           => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $ReasonFlags,
+                'cRLIssuer'         => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralNames
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CRLDistributionPoints = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $DistributionPoint
+        );
+
+        $this->AuthorityKeyIdentifier = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'keyIdentifier'             => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $this->KeyIdentifier,
+                'authorityCertIssuer'       => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $GeneralNames,
+                'authorityCertSerialNumber' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 2,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true
+                                               ) + $CertificateSerialNumber
+            )
+        );
+
+        $PolicyQualifierId = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $PolicyQualifierInfo = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'policyQualifierId' => $PolicyQualifierId,
+                'qualifier'         => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $CertPolicyId = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $PolicyInformation = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'policyIdentifier' => $CertPolicyId,
+                'policyQualifiers' => array(
+                                          'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                                          'min'      => 0,
+                                          'max'      => -1,
+                                          'optional' => true,
+                                          'children' => $PolicyQualifierInfo
+                                      )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CertificatePolicies = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $PolicyInformation
+        );
+
+        $this->PolicyMappings = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => array(
+                              'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                              'children' => array(
+                                  'issuerDomainPolicy' => $CertPolicyId,
+                                  'subjectDomainPolicy' => $CertPolicyId
+                              )
+                       )
+        );
+
+        $KeyPurposeId = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $this->ExtKeyUsageSyntax = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $KeyPurposeId
+        );
+
+        $AccessDescription = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'accessMethod'   => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER),
+                'accessLocation' => $GeneralName
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $AccessDescription
+        );
+
+        $this->SubjectAltName = $GeneralNames;
+
+        $this->PrivateKeyUsagePeriod = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'notBefore' => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true,
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME),
+                'notAfter'  => array(
+                                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                                 'optional' => true,
+                                                 'implicit' => true,
+                                                 'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $BaseDistance = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+        $GeneralSubtree = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'base'    => $GeneralName,
+                'minimum' => array(
+                                 'constant' => 0,
+                                 'optional' => true,
+                                 'implicit' => true,
+                                 'default' => new Math_BigInteger(0)
+                             ) + $BaseDistance,
+                'maximum' => array(
+                                 'constant' => 1,
+                                 'optional' => true,
+                                 'implicit' => true,
+                             ) + $BaseDistance
+            )
+        );
+
+        $GeneralSubtrees = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $GeneralSubtree
+        );
+
+        $this->NameConstraints = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'permittedSubtrees' => array(
+                                           'constant' => 0,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralSubtrees,
+                'excludedSubtrees'  => array(
+                                           'constant' => 1,
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $GeneralSubtrees
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CPSuri = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+
+        $DisplayText = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_CHOICE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'ia5String'     => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING),
+                'visibleString' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_VISIBLE_STRING),
+                'bmpString'     => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BMP_STRING),
+                'utf8String'    => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $NoticeReference = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'organization'  => $DisplayText,
+                'noticeNumbers' => array(
+                                       'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                                       'min'      => 1,
+                                       'max'      => 200,
+                                       'children' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER)
+                                   )
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->UserNotice = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'noticeRef' => array(
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $NoticeReference,
+                'explicitText'  => array(
+                                           'optional' => true,
+                                           'implicit' => true
+                                       ) + $DisplayText
+            )
+        );
+
+        // mapping is from <http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/tech-notes/tn3.html>
+        $this->netscape_cert_type = array(
+            'type'    => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING,
+            'mapping' => array(
+                'SSLClient',
+                'SSLServer',
+                'Email',
+                'ObjectSigning',
+                'Reserved',
+                'SSLCA',
+                'EmailCA',
+                'ObjectSigningCA'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->netscape_comment = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+        $this->netscape_ca_policy_url = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+
+        // attribute is used in RFC2986 but we're using the RFC5280 definition
+
+        $Attribute = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'type' => $AttributeType,
+                'value'=> array(
+                              'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET,
+                              'min'      => 1,
+                              'max'      => -1,
+                              'children' => $this->AttributeValue
+                          )
+            )
+        );
+
+        // adapted from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986>
+
+        $Attributes = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SET,
+            'min'      => 1,
+            'max'      => -1,
+            'children' => $Attribute
+        );
+
+        $CertificationRequestInfo = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'version'       => array(
+                                       'type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER,
+                                       'mapping' => array('v1')
+                                   ),
+                'subject'       => $this->Name,
+                'subjectPKInfo' => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+                'attributes'    => array(
+                                       'constant' => 0,
+                                       'optional' => true,
+                                       'implicit' => true
+                                   ) + $Attributes,
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CertificationRequest = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'certificationRequestInfo' => $CertificationRequestInfo,
+                'signatureAlgorithm'       => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'signature'                => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $RevokedCertificate = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                              'userCertificate'    => $CertificateSerialNumber,
+                              'revocationDate'     => $Time,
+                              'crlEntryExtensions' => array(
+                                                          'optional' => true
+                                                      ) + $this->Extensions
+                          )
+        );
+
+        $TBSCertList = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'version'             => array(
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'default'  => 'v1'
+                                         ) + $Version,
+                'signature'           => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'issuer'              => $this->Name,
+                'thisUpdate'          => $Time,
+                'nextUpdate'          => array(
+                                             'optional' => true
+                                         ) + $Time,
+                'revokedCertificates' => array(
+                                             'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'min'      => 0,
+                                             'max'      => -1,
+                                             'children' => $RevokedCertificate
+                                         ),
+                'crlExtensions'       => array(
+                                             'constant' => 0,
+                                             'optional' => true,
+                                             'explicit' => true
+                                         ) + $this->Extensions
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CertificateList = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'tbsCertList'        => $TBSCertList,
+                'signatureAlgorithm' => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'signature'          => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->CRLNumber = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_INTEGER);
+
+        $this->CRLReason = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ENUMERATED,
+           'mapping' => array(
+                            'unspecified',
+                            'keyCompromise',
+                            'cACompromise',
+                            'affiliationChanged',
+                            'superseded',
+                            'cessationOfOperation',
+                            'certificateHold',
+                            // Value 7 is not used.
+                            8 => 'removeFromCRL',
+                            'privilegeWithdrawn',
+                            'aACompromise'
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->IssuingDistributionPoint = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'distributionPoint'          => array(
+                                                    'constant' => 0,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'explicit' => true
+                                                ) + $DistributionPointName,
+                'onlyContainsUserCerts'      => array(
+                                                    'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 1,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                'onlyContainsCACerts'        => array(
+                                                    'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 2,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                'onlySomeReasons'           => array(
+                                                    'constant' => 3,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ) + $ReasonFlags,
+                'indirectCRL'               => array(
+                                                    'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 4,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                ),
+                'onlyContainsAttributeCerts' => array(
+                                                    'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BOOLEAN,
+                                                    'constant' => 5,
+                                                    'optional' => true,
+                                                    'default'  => false,
+                                                    'implicit' => true
+                                                )
+                          )
+        );
+
+        $this->InvalidityDate = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME);
+
+        $this->CertificateIssuer = $GeneralNames;
+
+        $this->HoldInstructionCode = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_OBJECT_IDENTIFIER);
+
+        $PublicKeyAndChallenge = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'spki'      => $SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
+                'challenge' => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge = array(
+            'type'     => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_SEQUENCE,
+            'children' => array(
+                'publicKeyAndChallenge' => $PublicKeyAndChallenge,
+                'signatureAlgorithm'    => $AlgorithmIdentifier,
+                'signature'             => array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING)
+            )
+        );
+
+        // OIDs from RFC5280 and those RFCs mentioned in RFC5280#section-4.1.1.2
+        $this->oids = array(
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7' => 'id-pkix',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1' => 'id-pe',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2' => 'id-qt',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3' => 'id-kp',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48' => 'id-ad',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1' => 'id-qt-cps',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.2' => 'id-qt-unotice',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1' =>'id-ad-ocsp',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2' => 'id-ad-caIssuers',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.3' => 'id-ad-timeStamping',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.5' => 'id-ad-caRepository',
+            '2.5.4' => 'id-at',
+            '2.5.4.41' => 'id-at-name',
+            '2.5.4.4' => 'id-at-surname',
+            '2.5.4.42' => 'id-at-givenName',
+            '2.5.4.43' => 'id-at-initials',
+            '2.5.4.44' => 'id-at-generationQualifier',
+            '2.5.4.3' => 'id-at-commonName',
+            '2.5.4.7' => 'id-at-localityName',
+            '2.5.4.8' => 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName',
+            '2.5.4.10' => 'id-at-organizationName',
+            '2.5.4.11' => 'id-at-organizationalUnitName',
+            '2.5.4.12' => 'id-at-title',
+            '2.5.4.13' => 'id-at-description',
+            '2.5.4.46' => 'id-at-dnQualifier',
+            '2.5.4.6' => 'id-at-countryName',
+            '2.5.4.5' => 'id-at-serialNumber',
+            '2.5.4.65' => 'id-at-pseudonym',
+            '2.5.4.17' => 'id-at-postalCode',
+            '2.5.4.9' => 'id-at-streetAddress',
+            '2.5.4.45' => 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier',
+            '2.5.4.72' => 'id-at-role',
+
+            '0.9.2342.19200300.100.1.25' => 'id-domainComponent',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9' => 'pkcs-9',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.1' => 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress',
+            '2.5.29' => 'id-ce',
+            '2.5.29.35' => 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier',
+            '2.5.29.14' => 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier',
+            '2.5.29.15' => 'id-ce-keyUsage',
+            '2.5.29.16' => 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod',
+            '2.5.29.32' => 'id-ce-certificatePolicies',
+            '2.5.29.32.0' => 'anyPolicy',
+
+            '2.5.29.33' => 'id-ce-policyMappings',
+            '2.5.29.17' => 'id-ce-subjectAltName',
+            '2.5.29.18' => 'id-ce-issuerAltName',
+            '2.5.29.9' => 'id-ce-subjectDirectoryAttributes',
+            '2.5.29.19' => 'id-ce-basicConstraints',
+            '2.5.29.30' => 'id-ce-nameConstraints',
+            '2.5.29.36' => 'id-ce-policyConstraints',
+            '2.5.29.31' => 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints',
+            '2.5.29.37' => 'id-ce-extKeyUsage',
+            '2.5.29.37.0' => 'anyExtendedKeyUsage',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1' => 'id-kp-serverAuth',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.2' => 'id-kp-clientAuth',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.3' => 'id-kp-codeSigning',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.4' => 'id-kp-emailProtection',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.8' => 'id-kp-timeStamping',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.9' => 'id-kp-OCSPSigning',
+            '2.5.29.54' => 'id-ce-inhibitAnyPolicy',
+            '2.5.29.46' => 'id-ce-freshestCRL',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1' => 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess',
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.11' => 'id-pe-subjectInfoAccess',
+            '2.5.29.20' => 'id-ce-cRLNumber',
+            '2.5.29.28' => 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint',
+            '2.5.29.27' => 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator',
+            '2.5.29.21' => 'id-ce-cRLReasons',
+            '2.5.29.29' => 'id-ce-certificateIssuer',
+            '2.5.29.23' => 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2' => 'holdInstruction',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2.1' => 'id-holdinstruction-none',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2.2' => 'id-holdinstruction-callissuer',
+            '1.2.840.10040.2.3' => 'id-holdinstruction-reject',
+            '2.5.29.24' => 'id-ce-invalidityDate',
+
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.2' => 'md2',
+            '1.2.840.113549.2.5' => 'md5',
+            '1.3.14.3.2.26' => 'id-sha1',
+            '1.2.840.10040.4.1' => 'id-dsa',
+            '1.2.840.10040.4.3' => 'id-dsa-with-sha1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1' => 'pkcs-1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.1' => 'rsaEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.2' => 'md2WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.4' => 'md5WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.5' => 'sha1WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.10046.2.1' => 'dhpublicnumber',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.2.1.1.22' => 'id-keyExchangeAlgorithm',
+            '1.2.840.10045' => 'ansi-X9-62',
+            '1.2.840.10045.4' => 'id-ecSigType',
+            '1.2.840.10045.4.1' => 'ecdsa-with-SHA1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1' => 'id-fieldType',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.1' => 'prime-field',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2' => 'characteristic-two-field',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3' => 'id-characteristic-two-basis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.1' => 'gnBasis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.2' => 'tpBasis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.1.2.3.3' => 'ppBasis',
+            '1.2.840.10045.2' => 'id-publicKeyType',
+            '1.2.840.10045.2.1' => 'id-ecPublicKey',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3' => 'ellipticCurve',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0' => 'c-TwoCurve',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.1' => 'c2pnb163v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.2' => 'c2pnb163v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.3' => 'c2pnb163v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.4' => 'c2pnb176w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.5' => 'c2pnb191v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.6' => 'c2pnb191v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.7' => 'c2pnb191v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.8' => 'c2pnb191v4',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.9' => 'c2pnb191v5',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.10' => 'c2pnb208w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.11' => 'c2pnb239v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.12' => 'c2pnb239v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.13' => 'c2pnb239v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.14' => 'c2pnb239v4',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.15' => 'c2pnb239v5',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.16' => 'c2pnb272w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.17' => 'c2pnb304w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.18' => 'c2pnb359v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.19' => 'c2pnb368w1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.0.20' => 'c2pnb431r1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1' => 'primeCurve',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.1' => 'prime192v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.2' => 'prime192v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.3' => 'prime192v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.4' => 'prime239v1',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.5' => 'prime239v2',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.6' => 'prime239v3',
+            '1.2.840.10045.3.1.7' => 'prime256v1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.7' => 'id-RSAES-OAEP',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.9' => 'id-pSpecified',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.10' => 'id-RSASSA-PSS',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.8' => 'id-mgf1',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.14' => 'sha224WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.11' => 'sha256WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.12' => 'sha384WithRSAEncryption',
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.1.13' => 'sha512WithRSAEncryption',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.4' => 'id-sha224',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.1' => 'id-sha256',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.2' => 'id-sha384',
+            '2.16.840.1.101.3.4.2.3' => 'id-sha512',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.4' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-94',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.3' => 'id-GostR3411-94-with-GostR3410-2001',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.20' => 'id-GostR3410-2001',
+            '1.2.643.2.2.19' => 'id-GostR3410-94',
+            // Netscape Object Identifiers from "Netscape Certificate Extensions"
+            '2.16.840.1.113730' => 'netscape',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1' => 'netscape-cert-extension',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.1' => 'netscape-cert-type',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.13' => 'netscape-comment',
+            '2.16.840.1.113730.1.8' => 'netscape-ca-policy-url',
+            // the following are X.509 extensions not supported by phpseclib
+            '1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12' => 'id-pe-logotype',
+            '1.2.840.113533.7.65.0' => 'entrustVersInfo',
+            '2.16.840.1.113733.1.6.9' => 'verisignPrivate',
+            // for Certificate Signing Requests
+            // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2985
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.2' => 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName', // PKCS #9 unstructured name
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.7' => 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword', // Challenge password for certificate revocations
+            '1.2.840.113549.1.9.14' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest' // Certificate extension request
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load X.509 certificate
+     *
+     * Returns an associative array describing the X.509 cert or a false if the cert failed to load
+     *
+     * @param String $cert
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function loadX509($cert)
+    {
+        if (is_array($cert) && isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            unset($this->currentCert);
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+            $this->dn = $cert['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
+            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->currentCert = $cert;
+
+            $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
+            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : NULL;
+
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+
+            return $cert;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        /*
+            X.509 certs are assumed to be base64 encoded but sometimes they'll have additional things in them above and beyond the ceritificate. ie.
+            some may have the following preceeding the -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- line:
+
+            subject=/O=organization/OU=org unit/CN=common name
+            issuer=/O=organization/CN=common name
+        */
+        $temp = preg_replace('#^(?:[^-].+[\r\n]+)+|-.+-|[\r\n]| #', '', $cert);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? base64_decode($temp) : false;
+        if ($temp != false) {
+            $cert = $temp;
+        }
+
+        if ($cert === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($cert);
+
+        if (!empty($decoded)) {
+            $x509 = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->Certificate);
+        }
+        if (!isset($x509) || $x509 === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($cert, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $this->_mapInExtensions($x509, 'tbsCertificate/extensions', $asn1);
+
+        $key = &$x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
+        $key = $this->_reformatKey($x509['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'], $key);
+
+        $this->currentCert = $x509;
+        $this->dn = $x509['tbsCertificate']['subject'];
+
+        $currentKeyIdentifier = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = is_string($currentKeyIdentifier) ? $currentKeyIdentifier : NULL;
+
+        return $x509;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save X.509 certificate
+     *
+     * @param Array $cert
+     * @param Integer $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function saveX509($cert, $format = FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($cert) || !isset($cert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            // "case !$a: case !$b: break; default: whatever();" is the same thing as "if ($a && $b) whatever()"
+            case !($algorithm = $this->_subArray($cert, 'tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
+            case is_object($cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($algorithm) {
+                    case 'rsaEncryption':
+                        $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'] = 
+                            base64_encode("\0" . base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $cert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
+                }
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['parameters'] = 
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['signature']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+        $filters['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['parameters'] = 
+        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = 
+        $filters['authorityCertIssuer']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+        //$filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier'] = 
+        $filters['distributionPoint']['fullName']['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+        $filters['directoryName']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+            array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+        /* in the case of policyQualifiers/qualifier, the type has to be FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING.
+           FILE_ASN1_TYPE_PRINTABLE_STRING will cause OpenSSL's X.509 parser to spit out random
+           characters.
+         */
+        $filters['policyQualifiers']['qualifier'] = 
+            array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING);
+
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+
+        $this->_mapOutExtensions($cert, 'tbsCertificate/extensions', $asn1);
+
+        $cert = $asn1->encodeDER($cert, $this->Certificate);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case FILE_X509_FORMAT_DER:
+                return $cert;
+            // case FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r\n" . chunk_split(base64_encode($cert), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE-----';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map extension values from octet string to extension-specific internal
+     *   format.
+     *
+     * @param Array ref $root
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapInExtensions(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($extensions)) {
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($extensions); $i++) {
+                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
+                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
+                $value = base64_decode($value);
+                $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
+                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                    $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                    $value = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
+
+                    if ($id == 'id-ce-certificatePolicies') {
+                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
+                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
+                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
+                                $map = $this->_getMapping($subid);
+                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
+                                if ($map !== false) {
+                                    $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($subvalue);
+                                    $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                                    $subvalue = $mapped === false ? $decoded[0] : $mapped;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                } elseif ($map) {
+                    $value = base64_encode($value);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map extension values from extension-specific internal format to
+     *   octet string.
+     *
+     * @param Array ref $root
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapOutExtensions(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($extensions)) {
+            $size = count($extensions);
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+                $id = $extensions[$i]['extnId'];
+                $value = &$extensions[$i]['extnValue'];
+
+                switch ($id) {
+                    case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
+                        for ($j = 0; $j < count($value); $j++) {
+                            if (!isset($value[$j]['policyQualifiers'])) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            for ($k = 0; $k < count($value[$j]['policyQualifiers']); $k++) {
+                                $subid = $value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['policyQualifierId'];
+                                $map = $this->_getMapping($subid);
+                                $subvalue = &$value[$j]['policyQualifiers'][$k]['qualifier'];
+                                if ($map !== false) {
+                                    // by default File_ASN1 will try to render qualifier as a FILE_ASN1_TYPE_IA5_STRING since it's
+                                    // actual type is FILE_ASN1_TYPE_ANY
+                                    $subvalue = new File_ASN1_Element($asn1->encodeDER($subvalue, $map));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier': // use 00 as the serial number instead of an empty string
+                        if (isset($value['authorityCertSerialNumber'])) {
+                            if ($value['authorityCertSerialNumber']->toBytes() == '') {
+                                $temp = chr((FILE_ASN1_CLASS_CONTEXT_SPECIFIC << 6) | 2) . "\1\0";
+                                $value['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = new File_ASN1_Element($temp);
+                            }
+                        }
+                }
+
+                /* [extnValue] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the extension type identified by extnID */
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if (is_bool($map)) {
+                    if (!$map) {
+                        user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported extension');
+                        unset($extensions[$i]);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    $temp = $asn1->encodeDER($value, $map);
+                    $value = base64_encode($temp);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map attribute values from ANY type to attribute-specific internal
+     *   format.
+     *
+     * @param Array ref $root
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapInAttributes(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($attributes); $i++) {
+                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
+                /* $value contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
+                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
+                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
+                        $value = $asn1->encodeDER($values[$j], $this->AttributeValue);
+                        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($value);
+                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                            $mapped = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $map);
+                            if ($mapped !== false) {
+                                $values[$j] = $mapped;
+                            }
+                            if ($id == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
+                                $this->_mapInExtensions($values, $j, $asn1);
+                            }
+                        } elseif ($map) {
+                            $values[$j] = base64_encode($value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Map attribute values from attribute-specific internal format to
+     *   ANY type.
+     *
+     * @param Array ref $root
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Object $asn1
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mapOutAttributes(&$root, $path, $asn1)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $path);
+
+        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+            $size = count($attributes);
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+                /* [value] contains the DER encoding of an ASN.1 value
+                   corresponding to the attribute type identified by type */
+                $id = $attributes[$i]['type'];
+                $map = $this->_getMapping($id);
+                if ($map === false) {
+                    user_error($id . ' is not a currently supported attribute', E_USER_NOTICE);
+                    unset($attributes[$i]);
+                }
+                elseif (is_array($attributes[$i]['value'])) {
+                    $values = &$attributes[$i]['value'];
+                    for ($j = 0; $j < count($values); $j++) {
+                        switch ($id) {
+                            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
+                                $this->_mapOutExtensions($values, $j, $asn1);
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        if (!is_bool($map)) {
+                            $temp = $asn1->encodeDER($values[$j], $map);
+                            $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($temp);
+                            $values[$j] = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->AttributeValue);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Associate an extension ID to an extension mapping
+     *
+     * @param String $extnId
+     * @access private
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function _getMapping($extnId)
+    {
+        if (!is_string($extnId)) { // eg. if it's a File_ASN1_Element object
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        switch ($extnId) {
+            case 'id-ce-keyUsage':
+                return $this->KeyUsage;
+            case 'id-ce-basicConstraints':
+                return $this->BasicConstraints;
+            case 'id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier':
+                return $this->KeyIdentifier;
+            case 'id-ce-cRLDistributionPoints':
+                return $this->CRLDistributionPoints;
+            case 'id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier':
+                return $this->AuthorityKeyIdentifier;
+            case 'id-ce-certificatePolicies':
+                return $this->CertificatePolicies;
+            case 'id-ce-extKeyUsage':
+                return $this->ExtKeyUsageSyntax;
+            case 'id-pe-authorityInfoAccess':
+                return $this->AuthorityInfoAccessSyntax;
+            case 'id-ce-subjectAltName':
+                return $this->SubjectAltName;
+            case 'id-ce-privateKeyUsagePeriod':
+                return $this->PrivateKeyUsagePeriod;
+            case 'id-ce-issuerAltName':
+                return $this->IssuerAltName;
+            case 'id-ce-policyMappings':
+                return $this->PolicyMappings;
+            case 'id-ce-nameConstraints':
+                return $this->NameConstraints;
+
+            case 'netscape-cert-type':
+                return $this->netscape_cert_type;
+            case 'netscape-comment':
+                return $this->netscape_comment;
+            case 'netscape-ca-policy-url':
+                return $this->netscape_ca_policy_url;
+
+            // since id-qt-cps isn't a constructed type it will have already been decoded as a string by the time it gets
+            // back around to asn1map() and we don't want it decoded again.
+            //case 'id-qt-cps':
+            //    return $this->CPSuri;
+            case 'id-qt-unotice':
+                return $this->UserNotice;
+
+            // the following OIDs are unsupported but we don't want them to give notices when calling saveX509().
+            case 'id-pe-logotype': // http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3709.txt
+            case 'entrustVersInfo':
+            // http://support.microsoft.com/kb/287547
+            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.20.2': // szOID_ENROLL_CERTTYPE_EXTENSION
+            case '1.3.6.1.4.1.311.21.1': // szOID_CERTSRV_CA_VERSION
+            // "SET Secure Electronic Transaction Specification"
+            // http://www.maithean.com/docs/set_bk3.pdf
+            case '2.23.42.7.0': // id-set-hashedRootKey
+                return true;
+
+            // CSR attributes
+            case 'pkcs-9-at-unstructuredName':
+                return $this->PKCS9String;
+            case 'pkcs-9-at-challengePassword':
+                return $this->DirectoryString;
+            case 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest':
+                return $this->Extensions;
+
+            // CRL extensions.
+            case 'id-ce-cRLNumber':
+                return $this->CRLNumber;
+            case 'id-ce-deltaCRLIndicator':
+                return $this->CRLNumber;
+            case 'id-ce-issuingDistributionPoint':
+                return $this->IssuingDistributionPoint;
+            case 'id-ce-freshestCRL':
+                return $this->CRLDistributionPoints;
+            case 'id-ce-cRLReasons':
+                return $this->CRLReason;
+            case 'id-ce-invalidityDate':
+                return $this->InvalidityDate;
+            case 'id-ce-certificateIssuer':
+                return $this->CertificateIssuer;
+            case 'id-ce-holdInstructionCode':
+                return $this->HoldInstructionCode;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load an X.509 certificate as a certificate authority
+     *
+     * @param String $cert
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function loadCA($cert)
+    {
+        $olddn = $this->dn;
+        $oldcert = $this->currentCert;
+        $oldsigsubj = $this->signatureSubject;
+        $oldkeyid = $this->currentKeyIdentifier;
+
+        $cert = $this->loadX509($cert);
+        if (!$cert) {
+            $this->dn = $olddn;
+            $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
+            $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
+            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = $oldkeyid;
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":
+
+           If the keyUsage extension is present, then the subject public key
+           MUST NOT be used to verify signatures on certificates or CRLs unless
+           the corresponding keyCertSign or cRLSign bit is set. */
+        //$keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
+        //if ($keyUsage && !in_array('keyCertSign', $keyUsage)) {
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        /* From RFC5280 "PKIX Certificate and CRL Profile":
+
+           The cA boolean indicates whether the certified public key may be used
+           to verify certificate signatures.  If the cA boolean is not asserted,
+           then the keyCertSign bit in the key usage extension MUST NOT be
+           asserted.  If the basic constraints extension is not present in a
+           version 3 certificate, or the extension is present but the cA boolean
+           is not asserted, then the certified public key MUST NOT be used to
+           verify certificate signatures. */
+        //$basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
+        //if (!$basicConstraints || !$basicConstraints['cA']) {
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        $this->CAs[] = $cert;
+
+        $this->dn = $olddn;
+        $this->currentCert = $oldcert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $oldsigsubj;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate an X.509 certificate against a URL
+     *
+     * From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
+     *
+     * Matching is performed using the matching rules specified by
+     * [RFC2459].  If more than one identity of a given type is present in
+     * the certificate (e.g., more than one dNSName name, a match in any one
+     * of the set is considered acceptable.) Names may contain the wildcard
+     * character * which is considered to match any single domain name
+     * component or component fragment. E.g., *.a.com matches foo.a.com but
+     * not bar.foo.a.com. f*.com matches foo.com but not bar.com.
+     *
+     * @param String $url
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function validateURL($url)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $components = parse_url($url);
+        if (!isset($components['host'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($names = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName')) {
+            foreach ($names as $key => $value) {
+                $value = str_replace(array('.', '*'), array('\.', '[^.]*'), $value);
+                switch ($key) {
+                    case 'dNSName':
+                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
+
+                           If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
+                           be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
+                           field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. Although
+                           the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and
+                           Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead. */
+                        if (preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case 'iPAddress':
+                        /* From RFC2818 "HTTP over TLS":
+
+                           In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
+                           hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
+                           in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI. */
+                        if (preg_match('#(?:\d{1-3}\.){4}#', $components['host'] . '.') && preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host'])) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                }
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($value = $this->getDNProp('id-at-commonName')) {
+            $value = str_replace(array('.', '*'), array('\.', '[^.]*'), $value[0]);
+            return preg_match('#^' . $value . '$#', $components['host']);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate a date
+     *
+     * If $date isn't defined it is assumed to be the current date.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $date optional
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function validateDate($date = NULL)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($date)) {
+            $date = time();
+        }
+
+        $notBefore = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore'];
+        $notBefore = isset($notBefore['generalTime']) ? $notBefore['generalTime'] : $notBefore['utcTime'];
+
+        $notAfter = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter'];
+        $notAfter = isset($notAfter['generalTime']) ? $notAfter['generalTime'] : $notAfter['utcTime'];
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case $date < @strtotime($notBefore):
+            case $date > @strtotime($notAfter):
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validate a signature
+     *
+     * Works on X.509 certs, CSR's and CRL's.
+     * Returns true if the signature is verified, false if it is not correct or NULL on error
+     *
+     * The behavior of this function is inspired by {@link http://php.net/openssl-verify openssl_verify}.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $options optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function validateSignature($options = 0)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->signatureSubject)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        /* TODO:
+           "emailAddress attribute values are not case-sensitive (e.g., "subscriber@example.com" is the same as "SUBSCRIBER@EXAMPLE.COM")."
+            -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.6
+
+           implement pathLenConstraint in the id-ce-basicConstraints extension */
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                // self-signed cert
+                if ($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
+                    $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+                    $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier');
+                    switch (true) {
+                        case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                        case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                            $signingCert = $this->currentCert; // working cert
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
+                        // even if the cert is a self-signed one we still want to see if it's a CA;
+                        // if not, we'll conditionally return an error
+                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
+                        if ($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
+                            $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+                            $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
+                            switch (true) {
+                                case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                                case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                                    $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
+                                    break 2;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (count($this->CAs) == $i && ($options & FILE_X509_VALIDATE_SIGNATURE_BY_CA)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                } elseif (!isset($signingCert) || ($options & FILE_X509_VALIDATE_SIGNATURE_BY_CA)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            case isset($this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']):
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $this->currentCert['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
+                if (!empty($this->CAs)) {
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
+                        $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
+                        if ($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
+                            $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+                            $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
+                            switch (true) {
+                                case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                                case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                                    $signingCert = $ca; // working cert
+                                    break 2;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!isset($signingCert)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return $this->_validateSignature(
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    $signingCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'],
+                    $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'],
+                    substr(base64_decode($this->currentCert['signature']), 1),
+                    $this->signatureSubject
+                );
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Validates a signature
+     *
+     * Returns true if the signature is verified, false if it is not correct or NULL on error
+     *
+     * @param String $publicKeyAlgorithm
+     * @param String $publicKey
+     * @param String $signatureAlgorithm
+     * @param String $signature
+     * @param String $signatureSubject
+     * @access private
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function _validateSignature($publicKeyAlgorithm, $publicKey, $signatureAlgorithm, $signature, $signatureSubject)
+    {
+        switch ($publicKeyAlgorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_RSA')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/RSA.php');
+                }
+                $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
+                $rsa->loadKey($publicKey);
+
+                switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
+                    case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
+                        $rsa->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
+                        $rsa->setSignatureMode(CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1);
+                        if (!@$rsa->verify($signatureSubject, $signature)) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return NULL;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                return NULL;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reformat public keys
+     *
+     * Reformats a public key to a format supported by phpseclib (if applicable)
+     *
+     * @param String $algorithm
+     * @param String $key
+     * @access private
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _reformatKey($algorithm, $key)
+    {
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                return
+                    "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
+                    // subjectPublicKey is stored as a bit string in X.509 certs.  the first byte of a bit string represents how many bits
+                    // in the last byte should be ignored.  the following only supports non-zero stuff but as none of the X.509 certs Firefox
+                    // uses as a cert authority actually use a non-zero bit I think it's safe to assume that none do.
+                    chunk_split(base64_encode(substr(base64_decode($key), 1)), 64) .
+                    '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
+            default:
+                return $key;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * "Normalizes" a Distinguished Name property
+     *
+     * @param String $propName
+     * @access private
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function _translateDNProp($propName)
+    {
+        switch (strtolower($propName)) {
+            case 'id-at-countryname':
+            case 'countryname':
+            case 'c':
+                return 'id-at-countryName';
+            case 'id-at-organizationname':
+            case 'organizationname':
+            case 'o':
+                return 'id-at-organizationName';
+            case 'id-at-dnqualifier':
+            case 'dnqualifier':
+                return 'id-at-dnQualifier';
+            case 'id-at-commonname':
+            case 'commonname':
+            case 'cn':
+                return 'id-at-commonName';
+            case 'id-at-stateorprovinceName':
+            case 'stateorprovincename':
+            case 'state':
+            case 'province':
+            case 'provincename':
+            case 'st':
+                return 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName';
+            case 'id-at-localityname':
+            case 'localityname':
+            case 'l':
+                return 'id-at-localityName';
+            case 'id-emailaddress':
+            case 'emailaddress':
+                return 'pkcs-9-at-emailAddress';
+            case 'id-at-serialnumber':
+            case 'serialnumber':
+                return 'id-at-serialNumber';
+            case 'id-at-postalcode':
+            case 'postalcode':
+                return 'id-at-postalCode';
+            case 'id-at-streetaddress':
+            case 'streetaddress':
+                return 'id-at-streetAddress';
+            case 'id-at-name':
+            case 'name':
+                return 'id-at-name';
+            case 'id-at-givenname':
+            case 'givenname':
+                return 'id-at-givenName';
+            case 'id-at-surname':
+            case 'surname':
+            case 'sn':
+                return 'id-at-surname';
+            case 'id-at-initials':
+            case 'initials':
+                return 'id-at-initials';
+            case 'id-at-generationqualifier':
+            case 'generationqualifier':
+                return 'id-at-generationQualifier';
+            case 'id-at-organizationalunitname':
+            case 'organizationalunitname':
+            case 'ou':
+                return 'id-at-organizationalUnitName';
+            case 'id-at-pseudonym':
+            case 'pseudonym':
+                return 'id-at-pseudonym';
+            case 'id-at-title':
+            case 'title':
+                return 'id-at-title';
+            case 'id-at-description':
+            case 'description':
+                return 'id-at-description';
+            case 'id-at-role':
+            case 'role':
+                return 'id-at-role';
+            case 'id-at-uniqueidentifier':
+            case 'uniqueidentifier':
+            case 'x500uniqueidentifier':
+                return 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier';
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a Distinguished Name property
+     *
+     * @param String $propName
+     * @param Mixed $propValue
+     * @param String $type optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setDNProp($propName, $propValue, $type = 'utf8String')
+    {
+        if (empty($this->dn)) {
+            $this->dn = array('rdnSequence' => array());
+        }
+
+        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ((array) $propValue as $v) {
+            if (!is_array($v) && isset($type)) {
+                $v = array($type => $v);
+            }
+            $this->dn['rdnSequence'][] = array(
+                array(
+                    'type' => $propName,
+                    'value'=> $v
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove Distinguished Name properties
+     *
+     * @param String $propName
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function removeDNProp($propName)
+    {
+        if (empty($this->dn)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $dn = &$this->dn['rdnSequence'];
+        $size = count($dn);
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $size; $i++) {
+            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
+                unset($dn[$i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $dn = array_values($dn);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get Distinguished Name properties
+     *
+     * @param String $propName
+     * @param Array $dn optional
+     * @param Boolean $withType optional
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getDNProp($propName, $dn = NULL, $withType = false)
+    {
+        if (!isset($dn)) {
+            $dn = $this->dn;
+        }
+
+        if (empty($dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (($propName = $this->_translateDNProp($propName)) === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $dn = $dn['rdnSequence'];
+        $result = array();
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($dn); $i++) {
+            if ($dn[$i][0]['type'] == $propName) {
+                $v = $dn[$i][0]['value'];
+                if (!$withType && is_array($v)) {
+                    foreach ($v as $type => $s) {
+                        $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
+                        if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
+                            $s = $asn1->convert($s, $type);
+                            if ($s !== false) {
+                                $v = $s;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (is_array($v)) {
+                        $v = array_pop($v); // Always strip data type.
+                    }
+                }
+                $result[] = $v;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a Distinguished Name
+     *
+     * @param Mixed $dn
+     * @param Boolean $merge optional
+     * @param String $type optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setDN($dn, $merge = false, $type = 'utf8String')
+    {
+        if (!$merge) {
+            $this->dn = NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($dn)) {
+            if (isset($dn['rdnSequence'])) {
+                $this->dn = $dn; // No merge here.
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // handles stuff generated by openssl_x509_parse()
+            foreach ($dn as $prop => $value) {
+                if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // handles everything else
+        $results = preg_split('#((?:^|, *|/)(?:C=|O=|OU=|CN=|L=|ST=|SN=|postalCode=|streetAddress=|emailAddress=|serialNumber=|organizationalUnitName=|title=|description=|role=|x500UniqueIdentifier=))#', $dn, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
+        for ($i = 1; $i < count($results); $i+=2) {
+            $prop = trim($results[$i], ', =/');
+            $value = $results[$i + 1];
+            if (!$this->setDNProp($prop, $value, $type)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificates subject
+     *
+     * @param Mixed $format optional
+     * @param Array $dn optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function getDN($format = FILE_X509_DN_ARRAY, $dn = NULL)
+    {
+        if (!isset($dn)) {
+            $dn = isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']) ? $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'] : $this->dn;
+        }
+
+        switch ((int) $format) {
+            case FILE_X509_DN_ARRAY:
+                return $dn;
+            case FILE_X509_DN_ASN1:
+                $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+                $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+                $filters = array();
+                $filters['rdnSequence']['value'] = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+                $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+                return $asn1->encodeDER($dn, $this->Name);
+            case FILE_X509_DN_OPENSSL:
+                $dn = $this->getDN(FILE_X509_DN_STRING, $dn);
+                if ($dn === false) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $attrs = preg_split('#((?:^|, *|/)[a-z][a-z0-9]*=)#i', $dn, -1, PREG_SPLIT_DELIM_CAPTURE);
+                $dn = array();
+                for ($i = 1; $i < count($attrs); $i += 2) {
+                    $prop = trim($attrs[$i], ', =/');
+                    $value = $attrs[$i + 1];
+                    if (!isset($dn[$prop])) {
+                        $dn[$prop] = $value;
+                    } else {
+                        $dn[$prop] = array_merge((array) $dn[$prop], array($value));
+                    }
+                }
+                return $dn;
+            case FILE_X509_DN_CANON:
+                //  No SEQUENCE around RDNs and all string values normalized as
+                // trimmed lowercase UTF-8 with all spacing  as one blank.
+                $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+                $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+                $filters = array();
+                $filters['value'] = array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+                $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+                $result = '';
+                foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $rdn) {
+                    foreach ($rdn as &$attr) {
+                        if (is_array($attr['value'])) {
+                            foreach ($attr['value'] as $type => $v) {
+                                $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
+                                if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
+                                    $v = $asn1->convert($v, $type);
+                                    if ($v !== false) {
+                                        $v = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $v);
+                                        $attr['value'] = strtolower(trim($v));
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    $result .= $asn1->encodeDER($rdn, $this->RelativeDistinguishedName);
+                }
+                return $result;
+            case FILE_X509_DN_HASH:
+                $dn = $this->getDN(FILE_X509_DN_CANON, $dn);
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+                }
+                $hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+                $hash = $hash->hash($dn);
+                extract(unpack('Vhash', $hash));
+                return strtolower(bin2hex(pack('N', $hash)));
+        }
+
+        // Defaut is to return a string.
+        $start = true;
+        $output = '';
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+        foreach ($dn['rdnSequence'] as $field) {
+            $prop = $field[0]['type'];
+            $value = $field[0]['value'];
+
+            $delim = ', ';
+            switch ($prop) {
+                case 'id-at-countryName':
+                    $desc = 'C=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-stateOrProvinceName':
+                    $desc = 'ST=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-organizationName':
+                    $desc = 'O=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-organizationalUnitName':
+                    $desc = 'OU=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-commonName':
+                    $desc = 'CN=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-localityName':
+                    $desc = 'L=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-surname':
+                    $desc = 'SN=';
+                    break;
+                case 'id-at-uniqueIdentifier':
+                    $delim = '/';
+                    $desc = 'x500UniqueIdentifier=';
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $delim = '/';
+                    $desc = preg_replace('#.+-([^-]+)$#', '$1',  $prop) . '=';
+            }
+
+            if (!$start) {
+                $output.= $delim;
+            }
+            if (is_array($value)) {
+                foreach ($value as $type => $v) {
+                    $type = array_search($type, $asn1->ANYmap, true);
+                    if ($type !== false && isset($asn1->stringTypeSize[$type])) {
+                        $v = $asn1->convert($v, $type);
+                        if ($v !== false) {
+                            $value = $v;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (is_array($value)) {
+                    $value = array_pop($value); // Always strip data type.
+                }
+            }
+            $output.= $desc . $value;
+            $start = false;
+        }
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificate/crl issuer
+     *
+     * @param Integer $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getIssuerDN($format = FILE_X509_DN_ARRAY)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer']);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer']);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the Distinguished Name for a certificate/csr subject
+     * Alias of getDN()
+     *
+     * @param Integer $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getSubjectDN($format = FILE_X509_DN_ARRAY)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !empty($this->dn):
+                return $this->getDN($format);
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject']);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                return $this->getDN($format, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an individual Distinguished Name property for a certificate/crl issuer
+     *
+     * @param String $propName
+     * @param Boolean $withType optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getIssuerDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propname, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'], $withType);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propname, $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['issuer'], $withType);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an individual Distinguished Name property for a certificate/csr subject
+     *
+     * @param String $propName
+     * @param Boolean $withType optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getSubjectDNProp($propName, $withType = false)
+    {
+        switch (true) {
+            case !empty($this->dn):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, NULL, $withType);
+            case !isset($this->currentCert) || !is_array($this->currentCert):
+                break;
+            case isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propName, $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'], $withType);
+            case isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                return $this->getDNProp($propname, $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'], $withType);
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the certificate chain for the current cert
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getChain()
+    {
+        $chain = array($this->currentCert);
+
+        if (!is_array($this->currentCert) || !isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (empty($this->CAs)) {
+            return $chain;
+        }
+        while (true) {
+            $currentCert = $chain[count($chain) - 1];
+            for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->CAs); $i++) {
+                $ca = $this->CAs[$i];
+                if ($currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] === $ca['tbsCertificate']['subject']) {
+                    $authorityKey = $this->getExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', $currentCert);
+                    $subjectKeyID = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $ca);
+                    switch (true) {
+                        case !is_array($authorityKey):
+                        case is_array($authorityKey) && isset($authorityKey['keyIdentifier']) && $authorityKey['keyIdentifier'] === $subjectKeyID:
+                            if ($currentCert === $ca) {
+                                break 3;
+                            }
+                            $chain[] = $ca;
+                            break 2;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ($i == count($this->CAs)) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        foreach ($chain as $key=>$value) {
+            $chain[$key] = new File_X509();
+            $chain[$key]->loadX509($value);
+        }
+        return $chain;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set public key
+     *
+     * Key needs to be a Crypt_RSA object
+     *
+     * @param Object $key
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setPublicKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->publicKey = $key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set private key
+     *
+     * Key needs to be a Crypt_RSA object
+     *
+     * @param Object $key
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setPrivateKey($key)
+    {
+        $this->privateKey = $key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the public key
+     *
+     * Returns a Crypt_RSA object or a false.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getPublicKey()
+    {
+        if (isset($this->publicKey)) {
+            return $this->publicKey;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert)) {
+            foreach (array('tbsCertificate/subjectPublicKeyInfo', 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo') as $path) {
+                $keyinfo = $this->_subArray($this->currentCert, $path);
+                if (!empty($keyinfo)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (empty($keyinfo)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $key = $keyinfo['subjectPublicKey'];
+
+        switch ($keyinfo['algorithm']['algorithm']) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_RSA')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/RSA.php');
+                }
+                $publicKey = new Crypt_RSA();
+                $publicKey->loadKey($key);
+                $publicKey->setPublicKey();
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return $publicKey;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a Certificate Signing Request
+     *
+     * @param String $csr
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function loadCSR($csr)
+    {
+        if (is_array($csr) && isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+            unset($this->currentCert);
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+            $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
+            if (!isset($this->dn)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $this->currentCert = $csr;
+            return $csr;
+        }
+
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2986
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        $temp = preg_replace('#^(?:[^-].+[\r\n]+)+|-.+-|[\r\n]| #', '', $csr);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? base64_decode($temp) : false;
+        if ($temp != false) {
+            $csr = $temp;
+        }
+        $orig = $csr;
+
+        if ($csr === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($csr);
+
+        if (empty($decoded)) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $csr = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->CertificationRequest);
+        if (!isset($csr) || $csr === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->dn = $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'];
+        $this->_mapInAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', $asn1);
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $algorithm = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
+        $key = &$csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'];
+        $key = $this->_reformatKey($algorithm, $key);
+
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_RSA')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/RSA.php');
+                }
+                $this->publicKey = new Crypt_RSA();
+                $this->publicKey->loadKey($key);
+                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->publicKey = NULL;
+        }
+
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = NULL;
+        $this->currentCert = $csr;
+
+        return $csr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save CSR request
+     *
+     * @param Array $csr
+     * @param Integer $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function saveCSR($csr, $format = FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($csr) || !isset($csr['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case !($algorithm = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/subjectPKInfo/algorithm/algorithm')):
+            case is_object($csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']);
+                break;
+            default:
+                switch ($algorithm) {
+                    case 'rsaEncryption':
+                        $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'] = 
+                            base64_encode("\0" . base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $csr['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'])));
+                }
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['certificationRequestInfo']['subject']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+            array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+
+        $this->_mapOutAttributes($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', $asn1);
+        $csr = $asn1->encodeDER($csr, $this->CertificationRequest);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case FILE_X509_FORMAT_DER:
+                return $csr;
+            // case FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                return "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----\r\n" . chunk_split(base64_encode($csr), 64) . '-----END CERTIFICATE REQUEST-----';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a SPKAC CSR
+     *
+     * SPKAC's are produced by the HTML5 keygen element:
+     *
+     * https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Element/keygen
+     *
+     * @param String $csr
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function loadSPKAC($csr)
+    {
+        if (is_array($csr) && isset($csr['publicKeyAndChallenge'])) {
+            unset($this->currentCert);
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+            $this->currentCert = $csr;
+            return $csr;
+        }
+
+        // see http://www.w3.org/html/wg/drafts/html/master/forms.html#signedpublickeyandchallenge
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        $temp = preg_replace('#(?:^[^=]+=)|[\r\n\\\]#', '', $csr);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? base64_decode($temp) : false;
+        if ($temp != false) {
+            $csr = $temp;
+        }
+        $orig = $csr;
+
+        if ($csr === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($csr);
+
+        if (empty($decoded)) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $csr = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->SignedPublicKeyAndChallenge);
+
+        if (!isset($csr) || $csr === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $algorithm = &$csr['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['algorithm']['algorithm'];
+        $key = &$csr['publicKeyAndChallenge']['spki']['subjectPublicKey'];
+        $key = $this->_reformatKey($algorithm, $key);
+
+        switch ($algorithm) {
+            case 'rsaEncryption':
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_RSA')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/RSA.php');
+                }
+                $this->publicKey = new Crypt_RSA();
+                $this->publicKey->loadKey($key);
+                $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->publicKey = NULL;
+        }
+
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = NULL;
+        $this->currentCert = $csr;
+
+        return $csr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Load a Certificate Revocation List
+     *
+     * @param String $crl
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function loadCRL($crl)
+    {
+        if (is_array($crl) && isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
+            $this->currentCert = $crl;
+            unset($this->signatureSubject);
+            return $crl;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        $temp = preg_replace('#^(?:[^-].+[\r\n]+)+|-.+-|[\r\n]| #', '', $crl);
+        $temp = preg_match('#^[a-zA-Z\d/+]*={0,2}$#', $temp) ? base64_decode($temp) : false;
+        if ($temp != false) {
+            $crl = $temp;
+        }
+        $orig = $crl;
+
+        if ($crl === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+        $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($crl);
+
+        if (empty($decoded)) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $crl = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], $this->CertificateList);
+        if (!isset($crl) || $crl === false) {
+            $this->currentCert = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signatureSubject = substr($orig, $decoded[0]['content'][0]['start'], $decoded[0]['content'][0]['length']);
+
+        $this->_mapInExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions', $asn1);
+        $rclist = &$this->_subArray($crl,'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
+        if (is_array($rclist)) {
+            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
+                $this->_mapInExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions", $asn1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->currentKeyIdentifier = NULL;
+        $this->currentCert = $crl;
+
+        return $crl;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save Certificate Revocation List.
+     *
+     * @param Array $crl
+     * @param Integer $format optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function saveCRL($crl, $format = FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM)
+    {
+        if (!is_array($crl) || !isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+
+        $asn1->loadOIDs($this->oids);
+
+        $filters = array();
+        $filters['tbsCertList']['issuer']['rdnSequence']['value'] = 
+        $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters'] = 
+        $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = 
+            array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_UTF8_STRING);
+
+        if (empty($crl['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters'])) {
+            $filters['tbsCertList']['signature']['parameters'] = 
+                array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL);
+        }
+
+        if (empty($crl['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'])) {
+            $filters['signatureAlgorithm']['parameters'] = 
+                array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_NULL);
+        }
+
+        $asn1->loadFilters($filters);
+
+        $this->_mapOutExtensions($crl, 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions', $asn1);
+        $rclist = &$this->_subArray($crl,'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates');
+        if (is_array($rclist)) {
+            foreach ($rclist as $i => $extension) {
+                $this->_mapOutExtensions($rclist, "$i/crlEntryExtensions", $asn1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $crl = $asn1->encodeDER($crl, $this->CertificateList);
+
+        switch ($format) {
+            case FILE_X509_FORMAT_DER:
+                return $crl;
+            // case FILE_X509_FORMAT_PEM:
+            default:
+                return "-----BEGIN X509 CRL-----\r\n" . chunk_split(base64_encode($crl), 64) . '-----END X509 CRL-----';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign an X.509 certificate
+     *
+     * $issuer's private key needs to be loaded.
+     * $subject can be either an existing X.509 cert (if you want to resign it),
+     * a CSR or something with the DN and public key explicitly set.
+     *
+     * @param File_X509 $issuer
+     * @param File_X509 $subject
+     * @param String $signatureAlgorithm optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function sign($issuer, $subject, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($subject->publicKey) && !($subjectPublicKey = $subject->_formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : NULL;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: NULL;
+
+        if (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertificate'])) {
+            $this->currentCert = $subject->currentCert;
+            $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['signature']['algorithm'] =
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] =
+                $signatureAlgorithm;
+            if (!empty($this->startDate)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore']['generalTime'] = $this->startDate;
+                unset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notBefore']['utcTime']);
+            }
+            if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter']['generalTime'] = $this->endDate;
+                unset($this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['validity']['notAfter']['utcTime']);
+            }
+            if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['serialNumber'] = $this->serialNumber;
+            }
+            if (!empty($subject->dn)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subject'] = $subject->dn;
+            }
+            if (!empty($subject->publicKey)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo'] = $subjectPublicKey;
+            }
+            $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+            if (isset($subject->domains)) {
+                $this->removeExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName');
+            }
+        } else if (isset($subject->currentCert) && is_array($subject->currentCert) && isset($subject->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            if (!isset($subject->publicKey)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $startDate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M y H:i:s O');
+            $endDate = !empty($this->endDate) ? $this->endDate : @date('D, d M y H:i:s O', strtotime('+1 year'));
+            $serialNumber = !empty($this->serialNumber) ? $this->serialNumber : new Math_BigInteger();
+
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'tbsCertificate' =>
+                    array(
+                        'version' => 'v3',
+                        'serialNumber' => $serialNumber, // $this->setserialNumber()
+                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
+                        'validity' => array(
+                            'notBefore' => array('generalTime' => $startDate), // $this->setStartDate()
+                            'notAfter' => array('generalTime' => $endDate)   // $this->setEndDate()
+                        ),
+                        'subject' => $subject->dn,
+                        'subjectPublicKeyInfo' => $subjectPublicKey
+                    ),
+                'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+
+            // Copy extensions from CSR.
+            $csrexts = $subject->getAttribute('pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 0);
+
+            if (!empty($csrexts)) {
+                $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'] = $csrexts;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
+
+        if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', array(
+                    //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
+                    //    array(
+                    //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
+                    //    )
+                    //),
+                    'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
+                )
+            );
+            //$extensions = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertificate']['extensions'];
+            //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
+            //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
+            //}
+            //unset($extensions);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', $subject->currentKeyIdentifier);
+        }
+
+        if (isset($subject->domains) && count($subject->domains) > 1) {
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName',
+                array_map(array('File_X509', '_dnsName'), $subject->domains));
+        }
+
+        if ($this->caFlag) {
+            $keyUsage = $this->getExtension('id-ce-keyUsage');
+            if (!$keyUsage) {
+                $keyUsage = array();
+            }
+
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-keyUsage',
+                array_values(array_unique(array_merge($keyUsage, array('cRLSign', 'keyCertSign'))))
+            );
+
+            $basicConstraints = $this->getExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints');
+            if (!$basicConstraints) {
+                $basicConstraints = array();
+            }
+
+            $this->setExtension('id-ce-basicConstraints',
+                array_unique(array_merge(array('cA' => true), $basicConstraints)), true);
+
+            if (!isset($subject->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier', base64_encode($this->computeKeyIdentifier($this->currentCert)), false, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $tbsCertificate in case there are any File_ASN1_Element objects in it
+        $tbsCertificate = $this->currentCert['tbsCertificate'];
+        $this->loadX509($this->saveX509($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['tbsCertificate'] = $tbsCertificate;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign a CSR
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function signCSR($signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($this->privateKey) || empty($this->dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $origPublicKey = $this->publicKey;
+        $class = get_class($this->privateKey);
+        $this->publicKey = new $class();
+        $this->publicKey->loadKey($this->privateKey->getPublicKey());
+        $this->publicKey->setPublicKey();
+        if (!($publicKey = $this->_formatSubjectPublicKey())) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->publicKey = $origPublicKey;
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : NULL;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject: NULL;
+
+        if (isset($this->currentCert) && is_array($this->currentCert) && isset($this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] =
+                $signatureAlgorithm;
+            if (!empty($this->dn)) {
+                $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subject'] = $this->dn;
+            }
+            $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo'] = $publicKey;
+        } else {
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'certificationRequestInfo' =>
+                    array(
+                        'version' => 'v1',
+                        'subject' => $this->dn,
+                        'subjectPKInfo' => $publicKey
+                    ),
+                'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+        }
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $certificationRequestInfo in case there are any File_ASN1_Element objects in it
+        $certificationRequestInfo = $this->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'];
+        $this->loadCSR($this->saveCSR($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($this->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['certificationRequestInfo'] = $certificationRequestInfo;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sign a CRL
+     *
+     * $issuer's private key needs to be loaded.
+     *
+     * @param File_X509 $issuer
+     * @param File_X509 $crl
+     * @param String $signatureAlgorithm optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function signCRL($issuer, $crl, $signatureAlgorithm = 'sha1WithRSAEncryption')
+    {
+        if (!is_object($issuer->privateKey) || empty($issuer->dn)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $currentCert = isset($this->currentCert) ? $this->currentCert : NULL;
+        $signatureSubject = isset($this->signatureSubject) ? $this->signatureSubject : NULL;
+        $thisUpdate = !empty($this->startDate) ? $this->startDate : @date('D, d M y H:i:s O');
+
+        if (isset($crl->currentCert) && is_array($crl->currentCert) && isset($crl->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            $this->currentCert = $crl->currentCert;
+            $this->currentCert['tbsCertList']['signature']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+            $this->currentCert['signatureAlgorithm']['algorithm'] = $signatureAlgorithm;
+        } else {
+            $this->currentCert = array(
+                'tbsCertList' =>
+                    array(
+                        'version' => 'v2',
+                        'signature' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                        'issuer' => false, // this is going to be overwritten later
+                        'thisUpdate' => array('generalTime' => $thisUpdate) // $this->setStartDate()
+                    ),
+                'signatureAlgorithm' => array('algorithm' => $signatureAlgorithm),
+                'signature'          => false // this is going to be overwritten later
+            );
+        }
+
+        $tbsCertList = &$this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
+        $tbsCertList['issuer'] = $issuer->dn;
+        $tbsCertList['thisUpdate'] = array('generalTime' => $thisUpdate);
+
+        if (!empty($this->endDate)) {
+            $tbsCertList['nextUpdate'] = array('generalTime' => $this->endDate); // $this->setEndDate()
+        } else {
+            unset($tbsCertList['nextUpdate']);
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($this->serialNumber)) {
+            $crlNumber = $this->serialNumber;
+        }
+        else {
+            $crlNumber = $this->getExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber');
+            $crlNumber = $crlNumber !== false ? $crlNumber->add(new Math_BigInteger(1)) : NULL;
+        }
+
+        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier');
+        $this->removeExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName');
+
+        // Be sure version >= v2 if some extension found.
+        $version = isset($tbsCertList['version']) ? $tbsCertList['version'] : 0;
+        if (!$version) {
+            if (!empty($tbsCertList['crlExtensions'])) {
+                $version = 1; // v2.
+            }
+            elseif (!empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
+                foreach ($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'] as $cert) {
+                    if (!empty($cert['crlEntryExtensions'])) {
+                        $version = 1; // v2.
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if ($version) {
+                $tbsCertList['version'] = $version;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Store additional extensions.
+        if (!empty($tbsCertList['version'])) { // At least v2.
+            if (!empty($crlNumber)) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-cRLNumber', $crlNumber);
+            }
+
+            if (isset($issuer->currentKeyIdentifier)) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier', array(
+                        //'authorityCertIssuer' => array(
+                        //    array(
+                        //        'directoryName' => $issuer->dn
+                        //    )
+                        //),
+                        'keyIdentifier' => $issuer->currentKeyIdentifier
+                    )
+                );
+                //$extensions = &$tbsCertList['crlExtensions'];
+                //if (isset($issuer->serialNumber)) {
+                //    $extensions[count($extensions) - 1]['authorityCertSerialNumber'] = $issuer->serialNumber;
+                //}
+                //unset($extensions);
+            }
+
+            $issuerAltName = $this->getExtension('id-ce-subjectAltName', $issuer->currentCert);
+
+            if ($issuerAltName !== false) {
+                $this->setExtension('id-ce-issuerAltName', $issuerAltName);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (empty($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates'])) {
+            unset($tbsCertList['revokedCertificates']);
+        }
+
+        unset($tbsCertList);
+
+        // resync $this->signatureSubject
+        // save $tbsCertList in case there are any File_ASN1_Element objects in it
+        $tbsCertList = $this->currentCert['tbsCertList'];
+        $this->loadCRL($this->saveCRL($this->currentCert));
+
+        $result = $this->_sign($issuer->privateKey, $signatureAlgorithm);
+        $result['tbsCertList'] = $tbsCertList;
+
+        $this->currentCert = $currentCert;
+        $this->signatureSubject = $signatureSubject;
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * X.509 certificate signing helper function.
+     *
+     * @param Object $key
+     * @param File_X509 $subject
+     * @param String $signatureAlgorithm
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function _sign($key, $signatureAlgorithm)
+    {
+        switch (strtolower(get_class($key))) {
+            case 'crypt_rsa':
+                switch ($signatureAlgorithm) {
+                    case 'md2WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'md5WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha1WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha224WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha256WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha384WithRSAEncryption':
+                    case 'sha512WithRSAEncryption':
+                        $key->setHash(preg_replace('#WithRSAEncryption$#', '', $signatureAlgorithm));
+                        $key->setSignatureMode(CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1);
+
+                        $this->currentCert['signature'] = base64_encode("\0" . $key->sign($this->signatureSubject));
+                        return $this->currentCert;
+                }
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set certificate start date
+     *
+     * @param String $date
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setStartDate($date)
+    {
+        $this->startDate = @date('D, d M y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set certificate end date
+     *
+     * @param String $date
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setEndDate($date)
+    {
+        /*
+          To indicate that a certificate has no well-defined expiration date,
+          the notAfter SHOULD be assigned the GeneralizedTime value of
+          99991231235959Z.
+
+          -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1.2.5
+        */
+        if (strtolower($date) == 'lifetime') {
+            $temp = '99991231235959Z';
+            $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+            $temp = chr(FILE_ASN1_TYPE_GENERALIZED_TIME) . $asn1->_encodeLength(strlen($temp)) . $temp;
+            $this->endDate = new File_ASN1_Element($temp);
+        } else {
+            $this->endDate = @date('D, d M y H:i:s O', @strtotime($date));
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Serial Number
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param $base optional
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setSerialNumber($serial, $base = -256)
+    {
+        $this->serialNumber = new Math_BigInteger($serial, $base);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Turns the certificate into a certificate authority
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function makeCA()
+    {
+        $this->caFlag = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to a subarray
+     *
+     * @param array $root
+     * @param String $path  absolute path with / as component separator
+     * @param Boolean $create optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return array item ref or false
+     */
+    function &_subArray(&$root, $path, $create = false)
+    {
+        $false = false;
+
+        if (!is_array($root)) {
+            return $false;
+        }
+
+        foreach (explode('/', $path) as $i) {
+            if (!is_array($root)) {
+                return $false;
+            }
+
+            if (!isset($root[$i])) {
+                if (!$create) {
+                    return $false;
+                }
+
+                $root[$i] = array();
+            }
+
+            $root = &$root[$i];
+        }
+
+        return $root;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a reference to an extension subarray
+     *
+     * @param array $root
+     * @param String $path optional absolute path with / as component separator
+     * @param Boolean $create optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return array ref or false
+     */
+    function &_extensions(&$root, $path = NULL, $create = false)
+    {
+        if (!isset($root)) {
+            $root = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case !empty($path):
+            case !is_array($root):
+                break;
+            case isset($root['tbsCertificate']):
+                $path = 'tbsCertificate/extensions';
+                break;
+            case isset($root['tbsCertList']):
+                $path = 'tbsCertList/crlExtensions';
+                break;
+            case isset($root['certificationRequestInfo']):
+                $pth = 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes';
+                $attributes = &$this->_subArray($root, $pth, $create);
+
+                if (is_array($attributes)) {
+                    foreach ($attributes as $key => $value) {
+                        if ($value['type'] == 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest') {
+                            $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
+                            break 2;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if ($create) {
+                        $key = count($attributes);
+                        $attributes[] = array('type' => 'pkcs-9-at-extensionRequest', 'value' => array());
+                        $path = "$pth/$key/value/0";
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        $extensions = &$this->_subArray($root, $path, $create);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            $false = false;
+            return $false;
+        }
+
+        return $extensions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove an Extension
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param String $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function _removeExtension($id, $path = NULL)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_extensions($this->currentCert, $path);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = false;
+        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
+            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
+                unset($extensions[$key]);
+                $result = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $extensions = array_values($extensions);
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get an Extension
+     *
+     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Array $cert optional
+     * @param String $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function _getExtension($id, $cert = NULL, $path = NULL)
+    {
+        $extensions = $this->_extensions($cert, $path);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
+            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
+                return $value['extnValue'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all extensions in use
+     *
+     * @param array $cert optional
+     * @param String $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _getExtensions($cert = NULL, $path = NULL)
+    {
+        $exts = $this->_extensions($cert, $path);
+        $extensions = array();
+
+        if (is_array($exts)) {
+            foreach ($exts as $extension) {
+                $extensions[] = $extension['extnId'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $extensions;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set an Extension
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Mixed $value
+     * @param Boolean $critical optional
+     * @param Boolean $replace optional
+     * @param String $path optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function _setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true, $path = NULL)
+    {
+        $extensions = &$this->_extensions($this->currentCert, $path, true);
+
+        if (!is_array($extensions)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $newext = array('extnId'  => $id, 'critical' => $critical, 'extnValue' => $value);
+
+        foreach ($extensions as $key => $value) {
+            if ($value['extnId'] == $id) {
+                if (!$replace) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $extensions[$key] = $newext;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $extensions[] = $newext;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function removeExtension($id)
+    {
+        return $this->_removeExtension($id);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
+     *
+     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Array $cert optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getExtension($id, $cert = NULL)
+    {
+        return $this->_getExtension($id, $cert);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all extensions in use in certificate, CSR or CRL
+     *
+     * @param array $cert optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function getExtensions($cert = NULL)
+    {
+        return $this->_getExtensions($cert);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a certificate, CSR or CRL Extension
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Mixed $value
+     * @param Boolean $critical optional
+     * @param Boolean $replace optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setExtension($id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
+    {
+        return $this->_setExtension($id, $value, $critical, $replace);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a CSR attribute.
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Integer $disposition optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function removeAttribute($id, $disposition = FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
+
+        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = false;
+        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
+                $n = count($attribute['value']);
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_APPEND:
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_REPLACE:
+                        return false;
+                    case $disposition >= $n:
+                        $disposition -= $n;
+                        break;
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL:
+                    case $n == 1:
+                        unset($attributes[$key]);
+                        $result = true;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        unset($attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition]);
+                        $attributes[$key]['value'] = array_values($attributes[$key]['value']);
+                        $result = true;
+                        break;
+                }
+                if ($result && $disposition != FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $attributes = array_values($attributes);
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a CSR attribute
+     *
+     * Returns the attribute if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Integer $disposition optional
+     * @param Array $csr optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getAttribute($id, $disposition = FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL, $csr = NULL)
+    {
+        if (empty($csr)) {
+            $csr = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        $attributes = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
+
+        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
+                $n = count($attribute['value']);
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_APPEND:
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_REPLACE:
+                        return false;
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL:
+                        return $attribute['value'];
+                    case $disposition >= $n:
+                        $disposition -= $n;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        return $attribute['value'][$disposition];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all CSR attributes in use
+     *
+     * @param array $csr optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function getAttributes($csr = NULL)
+    {
+        if (empty($csr)) {
+            $csr = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        $attributes = $this->_subArray($csr, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes');
+        $attrs = array();
+
+        if (is_array($attributes)) {
+            foreach ($attributes as $attribute) {
+                $attrs[] = $attribute['type'];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $attrs;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a CSR attribute
+     *
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Mixed $value
+     * @param Boolean $disposition optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setAttribute($id, $value, $disposition = FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL)
+    {
+        $attributes = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'certificationRequestInfo/attributes', true);
+
+        if (!is_array($attributes)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($disposition) {
+            case FILE_X509_ATTR_REPLACE:
+                $disposition = FILE_X509_ATTR_APPEND;
+            case FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL:
+                $this->removeAttribute($id);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($attributes as $key => $attribute) {
+            if ($attribute['type'] == $id) {
+                $n = count($attribute['value']);
+                switch (true) {
+                    case $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_APPEND:
+                        $last = $key;
+                        break;
+                    case $disposition >= $n;
+                        $disposition -= $n;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $attributes[$key]['value'][$disposition] = $value;
+                        return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case $disposition >= 0:
+                return false;
+            case isset($last):
+                $attributes[$last]['value'][] = $value;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $attributes[] = array('type' => $id, 'value' => $disposition == FILE_X509_ATTR_ALL ? $value: array($value));
+                break;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the subject key identifier
+     *
+     * This is used by the id-ce-authorityKeyIdentifier and the id-ce-subjectKeyIdentifier extensions.
+     *
+     * @param String $value
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setKeyIdentifier($value)
+    {
+        if (empty($value)) {
+            unset($this->currentKeyIdentifier);
+        } else {
+            $this->currentKeyIdentifier = base64_encode($value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute a public key identifier.
+     *
+     * Although key identifiers may be set to any unique value, this function
+     * computes key identifiers from public key according to the two
+     * recommended methods (4.2.1.2 RFC 3280).
+     * Highly polymorphic: try to accept all possible forms of key:
+     * - Key object
+     * - File_X509 object with public or private key defined
+     * - Certificate or CSR array
+     * - File_ASN1_Element object
+     * - PEM or DER string
+     *
+     * @param Mixed $key optional
+     * @param Integer $method optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return String binary key identifier
+     */
+    function computeKeyIdentifier($key = NULL, $method = 1)
+    {
+        if (is_null($key)) {
+            $key = $this;
+        }
+
+        switch (true) {
+            case is_string($key):
+                break;
+            case is_array($key) && isset($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['tbsCertificate']['subjectPublicKeyInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
+            case is_array($key) && isset($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey']):
+                return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key['certificationRequestInfo']['subjectPKInfo']['subjectPublicKey'], $method);
+            case !is_object($key):
+                return false;
+            case strtolower(get_class($key)) == 'file_asn1_element':
+                $asn1 = new File_ASN1();
+                $decoded = $asn1->decodeBER($cert);
+                if (empty($decoded)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $key = $asn1->asn1map($decoded[0], array('type' => FILE_ASN1_TYPE_BIT_STRING));
+                break;
+            case strtolower(get_class($key)) == 'file_x509':
+                if (isset($key->publicKey)) {
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->publicKey, $method);
+                }
+                if (isset($key->privateKey)) {
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->privateKey, $method);
+                }
+                if (isset($key->currentCert['tbsCertificate']) || isset($key->currentCert['certificationRequestInfo'])) {
+                    return $this->computeKeyIdentifier($key->currentCert, $method);
+                }
+                return false;
+            default: // Should be a key object (i.e.: Crypt_RSA).
+                $key = $key->getPublicKey(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1_RAW);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // If in PEM format, convert to binary.
+        if (preg_match('#^-----BEGIN #', $key)) {
+            $key = base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $key));
+        }
+
+        // Now we have the key string: compute its sha-1 sum.
+        if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+            require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+        }
+        $hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+        $hash = $hash->hash($key);
+
+        if ($method == 2) {
+            $hash = substr($hash, -8);
+            $hash[0] = chr((ord($hash[0]) & 0x0F) | 0x40);
+        }
+
+        return $hash;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Format a public key as appropriate
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _formatSubjectPublicKey()
+    {
+        if (!isset($this->publicKey) || !is_object($this->publicKey)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (strtolower(get_class($this->publicKey))) {
+            case 'crypt_rsa':
+                // the following two return statements do the same thing. i dunno.. i just prefer the later for some reason.
+                // the former is a good example of how to do fuzzing on the public key
+                //return new File_ASN1_Element(base64_decode(preg_replace('#-.+-|[\r\n]#', '', $this->publicKey->getPublicKey())));
+                return array(
+                    'algorithm' => array('algorithm' => 'rsaEncryption'),
+                    'subjectPublicKey' => $this->publicKey->getPublicKey(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1_RAW)
+                );
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set the domain name's which the cert is to be valid for
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function setDomain()
+    {
+        $this->domains = func_get_args();
+        $this->removeDNProp('id-at-commonName');
+        $this->setDNProp('id-at-commonName', $this->domains[0]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function to build domain array
+     *
+     * @access private
+     * @param String $domain
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _dnsName($domain)
+    {
+        return array('dNSName' => $domain);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the index of a revoked certificate.
+     *
+     * @param array $rclist
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param Boolean $create optional
+     * @access private
+     * @return Integer or false
+     */
+    function _revokedCertificate(&$rclist, $serial, $create = false)
+    {
+        $serial = new Math_BigInteger($serial);
+
+        foreach ($rclist as $i => $rc) {
+            if (!($serial->compare($rc['userCertificate']))) {
+                return $i;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$create) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $i = count($rclist);
+        $rclist[] = array('userCertificate' => $serial,
+                          'revocationDate'  => array('generalTime' => @date('D, d M y H:i:s O')));
+        return $i;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Revoke a certificate.
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param String $date optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function revoke($serial, $date = NULL)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
+                if ($this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial) === false) { // If not yet revoked
+                    if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
+
+                        if (!empty($date)) {
+                            $rclist[$i]['revocationDate'] = array('generalTime' => $date);
+                        }
+
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Unrevoke a certificate.
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function unrevoke($serial)
+    {
+        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                unset($rclist[$i]);
+                $rclist = array_values($rclist);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a revoked certificate.
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getRevoked($serial)
+    {
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $rclist[$i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * List revoked certificates
+     *
+     * @param array $crl optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return array
+     */
+    function listRevoked($crl = NULL)
+    {
+        if (!isset($crl)) {
+            $crl = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($crl['tbsCertList'])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $result = array();
+
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            foreach ($rclist as $rc) {
+                $result[] = $rc['userCertificate']->toString();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove a Revoked Certificate Extension
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param String $id
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function removeRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id)
+    {
+        if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $this->_removeExtension($id, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get a Revoked Certificate Extension
+     *
+     * Returns the extension if it exists and false if not
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Array $crl optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Mixed
+     */
+    function getRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $crl = NULL)
+    {
+        if (!isset($crl)) {
+            $crl = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $this->_getExtension($id, $crl,  "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of all extensions in use for a given revoked certificate
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param array $crl optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function getRevokedCertificateExtensions($serial, $crl = NULL)
+    {
+        if (!isset($crl)) {
+            $crl = $this->currentCert;
+        }
+
+        if (is_array($rclist = $this->_subArray($crl, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates'))) {
+            if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial)) !== false) {
+                return $this->_getExtensions($crl, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set a Revoked Certificate Extension
+     *
+     * @param String $serial
+     * @param String $id
+     * @param Mixed $value
+     * @param Boolean $critical optional
+     * @param Boolean $replace optional
+     * @access public
+     * @return Boolean
+     */
+    function setRevokedCertificateExtension($serial, $id, $value, $critical = false, $replace = true)
+    {
+        if (isset($this->currentCert['tbsCertList'])) {
+            if (is_array($rclist = &$this->_subArray($this->currentCert, 'tbsCertList/revokedCertificates', true))) {
+                if (($i = $this->_revokedCertificate($rclist, $serial, true)) !== false) {
+                    return $this->_setExtension($id, $value, $critical, $replace, "tbsCertList/revokedCertificates/$i/crlEntryExtensions");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d048cb032c5974e0c4fe9048d9a52de7bd46d3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Math/BigInteger.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3633 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP arbitrary precision integer arithmetic library.
+ *
+ * Supports base-2, base-10, base-16, and base-256 numbers.  Uses the GMP or BCMath extensions, if available,
+ * and an internal implementation, otherwise.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * {@internal (all DocBlock comments regarding implementation - such as the one that follows - refer to the 
+ * {@link MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL} mode)
+ *
+ * Math_BigInteger uses base-2**26 to perform operations such as multiplication and division and
+ * base-2**52 (ie. two base 2**26 digits) to perform addition and subtraction.  Because the largest possible
+ * value when multiplying two base-2**26 numbers together is a base-2**52 number, double precision floating
+ * point numbers - numbers that should be supported on most hardware and whose significand is 53 bits - are
+ * used.  As a consequence, bitwise operators such as >> and << cannot be used, nor can the modulo operator %,
+ * which only supports integers.  Although this fact will slow this library down, the fact that such a high
+ * base is being used should more than compensate.
+ *
+ * When PHP version 6 is officially released, we'll be able to use 64-bit integers.  This should, once again,
+ * allow bitwise operators, and will increase the maximum possible base to 2**31 (or 2**62 for addition /
+ * subtraction).
+ *
+ * Numbers are stored in {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endianness little endian} format.  ie.
+ * (new Math_BigInteger(pow(2, 26)))->value = array(0, 1)
+ *
+ * Useful resources are as follows:
+ *
+ *  - {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf Handbook of Applied Cryptography (HAC)}
+ *  - {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf Multi-Precision Math (MPM)}
+ *  - Java's BigInteger classes.  See /j2se/src/share/classes/java/math in jdk-1_5_0-src-jrl.zip
+ *
+ * Here's an example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+ *
+ *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(2);
+ *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(3);
+ *
+ *    $c = $a->add($b);
+ *
+ *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs 5
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Math
+ * @package    Math_BigInteger
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVI Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: BigInteger.php,v 1.33 2010/03/22 22:32:03 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://pear.php.net/package/Math_BigInteger
+ */
+
+/**#@+
+ * Reduction constants
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_reduce()
+ */
+/**
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_montgomery()
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_prepMontgomery()
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY', 0);
+/**
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_barrett()
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_BARRETT', 1);
+/**
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_mod2()
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_POWEROF2', 2);
+/**
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_remainder()
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_CLASSIC', 3);
+/**
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::__clone()
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_NONE', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Array constants
+ *
+ * Rather than create a thousands and thousands of new Math_BigInteger objects in repeated function calls to add() and
+ * multiply() or whatever, we'll just work directly on arrays, taking them in as parameters and returning them.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+/**
+ * $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] contains the value.
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE', 0);
+/**
+ * $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN] contains the sign.
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN', 1);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access private
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_montgomery()
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::_barrett()
+ */
+/**
+ * Cache constants
+ *
+ * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE] tells us whether or not the cached data is still valid.
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE', 0);
+/**
+ * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA] contains the cached data.
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA', 1);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Mode constants.
+ *
+ * @access private
+ * @see Math_BigInteger::Math_BigInteger()
+ */
+/**
+ * To use the pure-PHP implementation
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL', 1);
+/**
+ * To use the BCMath library
+ *
+ * (if enabled; otherwise, the internal implementation will be used)
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH', 2);
+/**
+ * To use the GMP library
+ *
+ * (if present; otherwise, either the BCMath or the internal implementation will be used)
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP', 3);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * The largest digit that may be used in addition / subtraction
+ *
+ * (we do pow(2, 52) instead of using 4503599627370496, directly, because some PHP installations
+ *  will truncate 4503599627370496)
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT52', pow(2, 52));
+
+/**
+ * Karatsuba Cutoff
+ *
+ * At what point do we switch between Karatsuba multiplication and schoolbook long multiplication?
+ *
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF', 25);
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP arbitrary precision integer arithmetic library. Supports base-2, base-10, base-16, and base-256
+ * numbers.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 1.0.0RC4
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Math_BigInteger
+ */
+class Math_BigInteger {
+    /**
+     * Holds the BigInteger's value.
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $value;
+
+    /**
+     * Holds the BigInteger's magnitude.
+     *
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $is_negative = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Random number generator function
+     *
+     * @see setRandomGenerator()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $generator = 'mt_rand';
+
+    /**
+     * Precision
+     *
+     * @see setPrecision()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $precision = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Precision Bitmask
+     *
+     * @see setPrecision()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $bitmask = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Mode independant value used for serialization.
+     *
+     * If the bcmath or gmp extensions are installed $this->value will be a non-serializable resource, hence the need for 
+     * a variable that'll be serializable regardless of whether or not extensions are being used.  Unlike $this->value,
+     * however, $this->hex is only calculated when $this->__sleep() is called.
+     *
+     * @see __sleep()
+     * @see __wakeup()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hex;
+
+    /**
+     * Converts base-2, base-10, base-16, and binary strings (eg. base-256) to BigIntegers.
+     *
+     * If the second parameter - $base - is negative, then it will be assumed that the number's are encoded using
+     * two's compliment.  The sole exception to this is -10, which is treated the same as 10 is.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('0x32', 16); // 50 in base-16
+     *
+     *    echo $a->toString(); // outputs 50
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param optional $x base-10 number or base-$base number if $base set.
+     * @param optional integer $base
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Math_BigInteger($x = 0, $base = 10)
+    {
+        if ( !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE') ) {
+            switch (true) {
+                case extension_loaded('gmp'):
+                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP);
+                    break;
+                case extension_loaded('bcmath'):
+                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE', MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (function_exists('openssl_public_encrypt') && !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_DISABLE') && !defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED')) {
+            define('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED', true);
+        }
+
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                if (is_resource($x) && get_resource_type($x) == 'GMP integer') {
+                    $this->value = $x;
+                    return;
+                }
+                $this->value = gmp_init(0);
+                break;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $this->value = '0';
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->value = array();
+        }
+
+        // '0' counts as empty() but when the base is 256 '0' is equal to ord('0') or 48
+        // '0' is the only value like this per http://php.net/empty
+        if (empty($x) && (abs($base) != 256 || $x !== '0')) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch ($base) {
+            case -256:
+                if (ord($x[0]) & 0x80) {
+                    $x = ~$x;
+                    $this->is_negative = true;
+                }
+            case  256:
+                switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                        $sign = $this->is_negative ? '-' : '';
+                        $this->value = gmp_init($sign . '0x' . bin2hex($x));
+                        break;
+                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                        // round $len to the nearest 4 (thanks, DavidMJ!)
+                        $len = (strlen($x) + 3) & 0xFFFFFFFC;
+
+                        $x = str_pad($x, $len, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+                        for ($i = 0; $i < $len; $i+= 4) {
+                            $this->value = bcmul($this->value, '4294967296', 0); // 4294967296 == 2**32
+                            $this->value = bcadd($this->value, 0x1000000 * ord($x[$i]) + ((ord($x[$i + 1]) << 16) | (ord($x[$i + 2]) << 8) | ord($x[$i + 3])), 0);
+                        }
+
+                        if ($this->is_negative) {
+                            $this->value = '-' . $this->value;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    // converts a base-2**8 (big endian / msb) number to base-2**26 (little endian / lsb)
+                    default:
+                        while (strlen($x)) {
+                            $this->value[] = $this->_bytes2int($this->_base256_rshift($x, 26));
+                        }
+                }
+
+                if ($this->is_negative) {
+                    if (MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL) {
+                        $this->is_negative = false;
+                    }
+                    $temp = $this->add(new Math_BigInteger('-1'));
+                    $this->value = $temp->value;
+                }
+                break;
+            case  16:
+            case -16:
+                if ($base > 0 && $x[0] == '-') {
+                    $this->is_negative = true;
+                    $x = substr($x, 1);
+                }
+
+                $x = preg_replace('#^(?:0x)?([A-Fa-f0-9]*).*#', '$1', $x);
+
+                $is_negative = false;
+                if ($base < 0 && hexdec($x[0]) >= 8) {
+                    $this->is_negative = $is_negative = true;
+                    $x = bin2hex(~pack('H*', $x));
+                }
+
+                switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                        $temp = $this->is_negative ? '-0x' . $x : '0x' . $x;
+                        $this->value = gmp_init($temp);
+                        $this->is_negative = false;
+                        break;
+                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                        $x = ( strlen($x) & 1 ) ? '0' . $x : $x;
+                        $temp = new Math_BigInteger(pack('H*', $x), 256);
+                        $this->value = $this->is_negative ? '-' . $temp->value : $temp->value;
+                        $this->is_negative = false;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $x = ( strlen($x) & 1 ) ? '0' . $x : $x;
+                        $temp = new Math_BigInteger(pack('H*', $x), 256);
+                        $this->value = $temp->value;
+                }
+
+                if ($is_negative) {
+                    $temp = $this->add(new Math_BigInteger('-1'));
+                    $this->value = $temp->value;
+                }
+                break;
+            case  10:
+            case -10:
+                $x = preg_replace('#^(-?[0-9]*).*#', '$1', $x);
+
+                switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                        $this->value = gmp_init($x);
+                        break;
+                    case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                        // explicitly casting $x to a string is necessary, here, since doing $x[0] on -1 yields different
+                        // results then doing it on '-1' does (modInverse does $x[0])
+                        $this->value = (string) $x;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+                        // array(10000000) is 10**7 in base-2**26.  10**7 is the closest to 2**26 we can get without passing it.
+                        $multiplier = new Math_BigInteger();
+                        $multiplier->value = array(10000000);
+
+                        if ($x[0] == '-') {
+                            $this->is_negative = true;
+                            $x = substr($x, 1);
+                        }
+
+                        $x = str_pad($x, strlen($x) + (6 * strlen($x)) % 7, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+                        while (strlen($x)) {
+                            $temp = $temp->multiply($multiplier);
+                            $temp = $temp->add(new Math_BigInteger($this->_int2bytes(substr($x, 0, 7)), 256));
+                            $x = substr($x, 7);
+                        }
+
+                        $this->value = $temp->value;
+                }
+                break;
+            case  2: // base-2 support originally implemented by Lluis Pamies - thanks!
+            case -2:
+                if ($base > 0 && $x[0] == '-') {
+                    $this->is_negative = true;
+                    $x = substr($x, 1);
+                }
+
+                $x = preg_replace('#^([01]*).*#', '$1', $x);
+                $x = str_pad($x, strlen($x) + (3 * strlen($x)) % 4, 0, STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+                $str = '0x';
+                while (strlen($x)) {
+                    $part = substr($x, 0, 4);
+                    $str.= dechex(bindec($part));
+                    $x = substr($x, 4);
+                }
+
+                if ($this->is_negative) {
+                    $str = '-' . $str;
+                }
+
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger($str, 8 * $base); // ie. either -16 or +16
+                $this->value = $temp->value;
+                $this->is_negative = $temp->is_negative;
+
+                break;
+            default:
+                // base not supported, so we'll let $this == 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a BigInteger to a byte string (eg. base-256).
+     *
+     * Negative numbers are saved as positive numbers, unless $twos_compliment is set to true, at which point, they're
+     * saved as two's compliment.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('65');
+     *
+     *    echo $a->toBytes(); // outputs chr(65)
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Boolean $twos_compliment
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-2**8
+     */
+    function toBytes($twos_compliment = false)
+    {
+        if ($twos_compliment) {
+            $comparison = $this->compare(new Math_BigInteger());
+            if ($comparison == 0) {
+                return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
+            }
+
+            $temp = $comparison < 0 ? $this->add(new Math_BigInteger(1)) : $this->copy();
+            $bytes = $temp->toBytes();
+
+            if (empty($bytes)) { // eg. if the number we're trying to convert is -1
+                $bytes = chr(0);
+            }
+
+            if (ord($bytes[0]) & 0x80) {
+                $bytes = chr(0) . $bytes;
+            }
+
+            return $comparison < 0 ? ~$bytes : $bytes;
+        }
+
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                if (gmp_cmp($this->value, gmp_init(0)) == 0) {
+                    return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
+                }
+
+                $temp = gmp_strval(gmp_abs($this->value), 16);
+                $temp = ( strlen($temp) & 1 ) ? '0' . $temp : $temp;
+                $temp = pack('H*', $temp);
+
+                return $this->precision > 0 ?
+                    substr(str_pad($temp, $this->precision >> 3, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -($this->precision >> 3)) :
+                    ltrim($temp, chr(0));
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                if ($this->value === '0') {
+                    return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
+                }
+
+                $value = '';
+                $current = $this->value;
+
+                if ($current[0] == '-') {
+                    $current = substr($current, 1);
+                }
+
+                while (bccomp($current, '0', 0) > 0) {
+                    $temp = bcmod($current, '16777216');
+                    $value = chr($temp >> 16) . chr($temp >> 8) . chr($temp) . $value;
+                    $current = bcdiv($current, '16777216', 0);
+                }
+
+                return $this->precision > 0 ?
+                    substr(str_pad($value, $this->precision >> 3, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT), -($this->precision >> 3)) :
+                    ltrim($value, chr(0));
+        }
+
+        if (!count($this->value)) {
+            return $this->precision > 0 ? str_repeat(chr(0), ($this->precision + 1) >> 3) : '';
+        }
+        $result = $this->_int2bytes($this->value[count($this->value) - 1]);
+
+        $temp = $this->copy();
+
+        for ($i = count($temp->value) - 2; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            $temp->_base256_lshift($result, 26);
+            $result = $result | str_pad($temp->_int2bytes($temp->value[$i]), strlen($result), chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+        }
+
+        return $this->precision > 0 ?
+            str_pad(substr($result, -(($this->precision + 7) >> 3)), ($this->precision + 7) >> 3, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT) :
+            $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a BigInteger to a hex string (eg. base-16)).
+     *
+     * Negative numbers are saved as positive numbers, unless $twos_compliment is set to true, at which point, they're
+     * saved as two's compliment.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('65');
+     *
+     *    echo $a->toHex(); // outputs '41'
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Boolean $twos_compliment
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-2**8
+     */
+    function toHex($twos_compliment = false)
+    {
+        return bin2hex($this->toBytes($twos_compliment));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a BigInteger to a bit string (eg. base-2).
+     *
+     * Negative numbers are saved as positive numbers, unless $twos_compliment is set to true, at which point, they're
+     * saved as two's compliment.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('65');
+     *
+     *    echo $a->toBits(); // outputs '1000001'
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Boolean $twos_compliment
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-2**2
+     */
+    function toBits($twos_compliment = false)
+    {
+        $hex = $this->toHex($twos_compliment);
+        $bits = '';
+        for ($i = strlen($hex) - 8, $start = strlen($hex) & 7; $i >= $start; $i-=8) {
+            $bits = str_pad(decbin(hexdec(substr($hex, $i, 8))), 32, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . $bits;
+        }
+        if ($start) { // hexdec('') == 0
+            $bits = str_pad(decbin(hexdec(substr($hex, 0, $start))), 8, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . $bits;
+        }
+        $result = $this->precision > 0 ? substr($bits, -$this->precision) : ltrim($bits, '0');
+
+        if ($twos_compliment && $this->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) > 0 && $this->precision <= 0) {
+            return '0' . $result;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts a BigInteger to a base-10 number.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('50');
+     *
+     *    echo $a->toString(); // outputs 50
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Converts a base-2**26 number to base-10**7 (which is pretty much base-10)
+     */
+    function toString()
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                return gmp_strval($this->value);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                if ($this->value === '0') {
+                    return '0';
+                }
+
+                return ltrim($this->value, '0');
+        }
+
+        if (!count($this->value)) {
+            return '0';
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->copy();
+        $temp->is_negative = false;
+
+        $divisor = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $divisor->value = array(10000000); // eg. 10**7
+        $result = '';
+        while (count($temp->value)) {
+            list($temp, $mod) = $temp->divide($divisor);
+            $result = str_pad(isset($mod->value[0]) ? $mod->value[0] : '', 7, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . $result;
+        }
+        $result = ltrim($result, '0');
+        if (empty($result)) {
+            $result = '0';
+        }
+
+        if ($this->is_negative) {
+            $result = '-' . $result;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Copy an object
+     *
+     * PHP5 passes objects by reference while PHP4 passes by value.  As such, we need a function to guarantee
+     * that all objects are passed by value, when appropriate.  More information can be found here:
+     *
+     * {@link http://php.net/language.oop5.basic#51624}
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @see __clone()
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function copy()
+    {
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp->value = $this->value;
+        $temp->is_negative = $this->is_negative;
+        $temp->generator = $this->generator;
+        $temp->precision = $this->precision;
+        $temp->bitmask = $this->bitmask;
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  __toString() magic method
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, if you're supporting just PHP5.  If you're supporting PHP4, you'll need to call
+     * toString().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Implemented per a suggestion by Techie-Michael - thanks!
+     */
+    function __toString()
+    {
+        return $this->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * __clone() magic method
+     *
+     * Although you can call Math_BigInteger::__toString() directly in PHP5, you cannot call Math_BigInteger::__clone()
+     * directly in PHP5.  You can in PHP4 since it's not a magic method, but in PHP5, you have to call it by using the PHP5
+     * only syntax of $y = clone $x.  As such, if you're trying to write an application that works on both PHP4 and PHP5,
+     * call Math_BigInteger::copy(), instead.
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @see copy()
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function __clone()
+    {
+        return $this->copy();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  __sleep() magic method
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, when serialize() is called on a Math_BigInteger object.
+     *
+     * @see __wakeup()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __sleep()
+    {
+        $this->hex = $this->toHex(true);
+        $vars = array('hex');
+        if ($this->generator != 'mt_rand') {
+            $vars[] = 'generator';
+        }
+        if ($this->precision > 0) {
+            $vars[] = 'precision';
+        }
+        return $vars;
+        
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *  __wakeup() magic method
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, when unserialize() is called on a Math_BigInteger object.
+     *
+     * @see __sleep()
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __wakeup()
+    {
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger($this->hex, -16);
+        $this->value = $temp->value;
+        $this->is_negative = $temp->is_negative;
+        $this->setRandomGenerator($this->generator);
+        if ($this->precision > 0) {
+            // recalculate $this->bitmask
+            $this->setPrecision($this->precision);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds two BigIntegers.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *
+     *    $c = $a->add($b);
+     *
+     *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs 30
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Performs base-2**52 addition
+     */
+    function add($y)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_add($this->value, $y->value);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = bcadd($this->value, $y->value, 0);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->_add($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
+
+        $result = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $result->value = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        $result->is_negative = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN];
+
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs addition.
+     *
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Boolean $x_negative
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @param Boolean $y_negative
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _add($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    {
+        $x_size = count($x_value);
+        $y_size = count($y_value);
+
+        if ($x_size == 0) {
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $y_value,
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $y_negative
+            );
+        } else if ($y_size == 0) {
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $x_value,
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+            );
+        }
+
+        // subtract, if appropriate
+        if ( $x_negative != $y_negative ) {
+            if ( $x_value == $y_value ) {
+                return array(
+                    MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
+                    MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+                );
+            }
+
+            $temp = $this->_subtract($x_value, false, $y_value, false);
+            $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN] = $this->_compare($x_value, false, $y_value, false) > 0 ?
+                                          $x_negative : $y_negative;
+
+            return $temp;
+        }
+
+        if ($x_size < $y_size) {
+            $size = $x_size;
+            $value = $y_value;
+        } else {
+            $size = $y_size;
+            $value = $x_value;
+        }
+
+        $value[] = 0; // just in case the carry adds an extra digit
+
+        $carry = 0;
+        for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $j < $size; $i+=2, $j+=2) {
+            $sum = $x_value[$j] * 0x4000000 + $x_value[$i] + $y_value[$j] * 0x4000000 + $y_value[$i] + $carry;
+            $carry = $sum >= MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT52; // eg. floor($sum / 2**52); only possible values (in any base) are 0 and 1
+            $sum = $carry ? $sum - MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT52 : $sum;
+
+            $temp = (int) ($sum / 0x4000000);
+
+            $value[$i] = (int) ($sum - 0x4000000 * $temp); // eg. a faster alternative to fmod($sum, 0x4000000)
+            $value[$j] = $temp;
+        }
+
+        if ($j == $size) { // ie. if $y_size is odd
+            $sum = $x_value[$i] + $y_value[$i] + $carry;
+            $carry = $sum >= 0x4000000;
+            $value[$i] = $carry ? $sum - 0x4000000 : $sum;
+            ++$i; // ie. let $i = $j since we've just done $value[$i]
+        }
+
+        if ($carry) {
+            for (; $value[$i] == 0x3FFFFFF; ++$i) {
+                $value[$i] = 0;
+            }
+            ++$value[$i];
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_trim($value),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Subtracts two BigIntegers.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *
+     *    $c = $a->subtract($b);
+     *
+     *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs -10
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Performs base-2**52 subtraction
+     */
+    function subtract($y)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_sub($this->value, $y->value);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = bcsub($this->value, $y->value, 0);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->_subtract($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
+
+        $result = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $result->value = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        $result->is_negative = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN];
+
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs subtraction.
+     *
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Boolean $x_negative
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @param Boolean $y_negative
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _subtract($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    {
+        $x_size = count($x_value);
+        $y_size = count($y_value);
+
+        if ($x_size == 0) {
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $y_value,
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => !$y_negative
+            );
+        } else if ($y_size == 0) {
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $x_value,
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+            );
+        }
+
+        // add, if appropriate (ie. -$x - +$y or +$x - -$y)
+        if ( $x_negative != $y_negative ) {
+            $temp = $this->_add($x_value, false, $y_value, false);
+            $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN] = $x_negative;
+
+            return $temp;
+        }
+
+        $diff = $this->_compare($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative);
+
+        if ( !$diff ) {
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+            );
+        }
+
+        // switch $x and $y around, if appropriate.
+        if ( (!$x_negative && $diff < 0) || ($x_negative && $diff > 0) ) {
+            $temp = $x_value;
+            $x_value = $y_value;
+            $y_value = $temp;
+
+            $x_negative = !$x_negative;
+
+            $x_size = count($x_value);
+            $y_size = count($y_value);
+        }
+
+        // at this point, $x_value should be at least as big as - if not bigger than - $y_value
+
+        $carry = 0;
+        for ($i = 0, $j = 1; $j < $y_size; $i+=2, $j+=2) {
+            $sum = $x_value[$j] * 0x4000000 + $x_value[$i] - $y_value[$j] * 0x4000000 - $y_value[$i] - $carry;
+            $carry = $sum < 0; // eg. floor($sum / 2**52); only possible values (in any base) are 0 and 1
+            $sum = $carry ? $sum + MATH_BIGINTEGER_MAX_DIGIT52 : $sum;
+
+            $temp = (int) ($sum / 0x4000000);
+
+            $x_value[$i] = (int) ($sum - 0x4000000 * $temp);
+            $x_value[$j] = $temp;
+        }
+
+        if ($j == $y_size) { // ie. if $y_size is odd
+            $sum = $x_value[$i] - $y_value[$i] - $carry;
+            $carry = $sum < 0;
+            $x_value[$i] = $carry ? $sum + 0x4000000 : $sum;
+            ++$i;
+        }
+
+        if ($carry) {
+            for (; !$x_value[$i]; ++$i) {
+                $x_value[$i] = 0x3FFFFFF;
+            }
+            --$x_value[$i];
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_trim($x_value),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Multiplies two BigIntegers
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *
+     *    $c = $a->multiply($b);
+     *
+     *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs 200
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function multiply($x)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_mul($this->value, $x->value);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = bcmul($this->value, $x->value, 0);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($this->value, $this->is_negative, $x->value, $x->is_negative);
+
+        $product = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $product->value = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        $product->is_negative = $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN];
+
+        return $this->_normalize($product);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs multiplication.
+     *
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Boolean $x_negative
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @param Boolean $y_negative
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _multiply($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    {
+        //if ( $x_value == $y_value ) {
+        //    return array(
+        //        MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_square($x_value),
+        //        MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_sign != $y_value
+        //    );
+        //}
+
+        $x_length = count($x_value);
+        $y_length = count($y_value);
+
+        if ( !$x_length || !$y_length ) { // a 0 is being multiplied
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+            );
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => min($x_length, $y_length) < 2 * MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF ?
+                $this->_trim($this->_regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value)) :
+                $this->_trim($this->_karatsuba($x_value, $y_value)),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative != $y_negative
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs long multiplication on two BigIntegers
+     *
+     * Modeled after 'multiply' in MutableBigInteger.java.
+     *
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value)
+    {
+        $x_length = count($x_value);
+        $y_length = count($y_value);
+
+        if ( !$x_length || !$y_length ) { // a 0 is being multiplied
+            return array();
+        }
+
+        if ( $x_length < $y_length ) {
+            $temp = $x_value;
+            $x_value = $y_value;
+            $y_value = $temp;
+
+            $x_length = count($x_value);
+            $y_length = count($y_value);
+        }
+
+        $product_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $x_length + $y_length);
+
+        // the following for loop could be removed if the for loop following it
+        // (the one with nested for loops) initially set $i to 0, but
+        // doing so would also make the result in one set of unnecessary adds,
+        // since on the outermost loops first pass, $product->value[$k] is going
+        // to always be 0
+
+        $carry = 0;
+
+        for ($j = 0; $j < $x_length; ++$j) { // ie. $i = 0
+            $temp = $x_value[$j] * $y_value[0] + $carry; // $product_value[$k] == 0
+            $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+            $product_value[$j] = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * $carry);
+        }
+
+        $product_value[$j] = $carry;
+
+        // the above for loop is what the previous comment was talking about.  the
+        // following for loop is the "one with nested for loops"
+        for ($i = 1; $i < $y_length; ++$i) {
+            $carry = 0;
+
+            for ($j = 0, $k = $i; $j < $x_length; ++$j, ++$k) {
+                $temp = $product_value[$k] + $x_value[$j] * $y_value[$i] + $carry;
+                $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+                $product_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * $carry);
+            }
+
+            $product_value[$k] = $carry;
+        }
+
+        return $product_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs Karatsuba multiplication on two BigIntegers
+     *
+     * See {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm Karatsuba algorithm} and
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=120 MPM 5.2.3}.
+     *
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _karatsuba($x_value, $y_value)
+    {
+        $m = min(count($x_value) >> 1, count($y_value) >> 1);
+
+        if ($m < MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF) {
+            return $this->_regularMultiply($x_value, $y_value);
+        }
+
+        $x1 = array_slice($x_value, $m);
+        $x0 = array_slice($x_value, 0, $m);
+        $y1 = array_slice($y_value, $m);
+        $y0 = array_slice($y_value, 0, $m);
+
+        $z2 = $this->_karatsuba($x1, $y1);
+        $z0 = $this->_karatsuba($x0, $y0);
+
+        $z1 = $this->_add($x1, false, $x0, false);
+        $temp = $this->_add($y1, false, $y0, false);
+        $z1 = $this->_karatsuba($z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
+        $temp = $this->_add($z2, false, $z0, false);
+        $z1 = $this->_subtract($z1, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+
+        $z2 = array_merge(array_fill(0, 2 * $m, 0), $z2);
+        $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_merge(array_fill(0, $m, 0), $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
+
+        $xy = $this->_add($z2, false, $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]);
+        $xy = $this->_add($xy[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $xy[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $z0, false);
+
+        return $xy[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs squaring
+     *
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _square($x = false)
+    {
+        return count($x) < 2 * MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF ?
+            $this->_trim($this->_baseSquare($x)) :
+            $this->_trim($this->_karatsubaSquare($x));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs traditional squaring on two BigIntegers
+     *
+     * Squaring can be done faster than multiplying a number by itself can be.  See
+     * {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=7 HAC 14.2.4} /
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=141 MPM 5.3} for more information.
+     *
+     * @param Array $value
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _baseSquare($value)
+    {
+        if ( empty($value) ) {
+            return array();
+        }
+        $square_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, 2 * count($value));
+
+        for ($i = 0, $max_index = count($value) - 1; $i <= $max_index; ++$i) {
+            $i2 = $i << 1;
+
+            $temp = $square_value[$i2] + $value[$i] * $value[$i];
+            $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+            $square_value[$i2] = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * $carry);
+
+            // note how we start from $i+1 instead of 0 as we do in multiplication.
+            for ($j = $i + 1, $k = $i2 + 1; $j <= $max_index; ++$j, ++$k) {
+                $temp = $square_value[$k] + 2 * $value[$j] * $value[$i] + $carry;
+                $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+                $square_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * $carry);
+            }
+
+            // the following line can yield values larger 2**15.  at this point, PHP should switch
+            // over to floats.
+            $square_value[$i + $max_index + 1] = $carry;
+        }
+
+        return $square_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs Karatsuba "squaring" on two BigIntegers
+     *
+     * See {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karatsuba_algorithm Karatsuba algorithm} and
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=151 MPM 5.3.4}.
+     *
+     * @param Array $value
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _karatsubaSquare($value)
+    {
+        $m = count($value) >> 1;
+
+        if ($m < MATH_BIGINTEGER_KARATSUBA_CUTOFF) {
+            return $this->_baseSquare($value);
+        }
+
+        $x1 = array_slice($value, $m);
+        $x0 = array_slice($value, 0, $m);
+
+        $z2 = $this->_karatsubaSquare($x1);
+        $z0 = $this->_karatsubaSquare($x0);
+
+        $z1 = $this->_add($x1, false, $x0, false);
+        $z1 = $this->_karatsubaSquare($z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
+        $temp = $this->_add($z2, false, $z0, false);
+        $z1 = $this->_subtract($z1, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+
+        $z2 = array_merge(array_fill(0, 2 * $m, 0), $z2);
+        $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_merge(array_fill(0, $m, 0), $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE]);
+
+        $xx = $this->_add($z2, false, $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $z1[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]);
+        $xx = $this->_add($xx[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $xx[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $z0, false);
+
+        return $xx[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Divides two BigIntegers.
+     *
+     * Returns an array whose first element contains the quotient and whose second element contains the
+     * "common residue".  If the remainder would be positive, the "common residue" and the remainder are the
+     * same.  If the remainder would be negative, the "common residue" is equal to the sum of the remainder
+     * and the divisor (basically, the "common residue" is the first positive modulo).
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *
+     *    list($quotient, $remainder) = $a->divide($b);
+     *
+     *    echo $quotient->toString(); // outputs 0
+     *    echo "\r\n";
+     *    echo $remainder->toString(); // outputs 10
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $y
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     * @internal This function is based off of {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=9 HAC 14.20}.
+     */
+    function divide($y)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $remainder = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+                list($quotient->value, $remainder->value) = gmp_div_qr($this->value, $y->value);
+
+                if (gmp_sign($remainder->value) < 0) {
+                    $remainder->value = gmp_add($remainder->value, gmp_abs($y->value));
+                }
+
+                return array($this->_normalize($quotient), $this->_normalize($remainder));
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $remainder = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+                $quotient->value = bcdiv($this->value, $y->value, 0);
+                $remainder->value = bcmod($this->value, $y->value);
+
+                if ($remainder->value[0] == '-') {
+                    $remainder->value = bcadd($remainder->value, $y->value[0] == '-' ? substr($y->value, 1) : $y->value, 0);
+                }
+
+                return array($this->_normalize($quotient), $this->_normalize($remainder));
+        }
+
+        if (count($y->value) == 1) {
+            list($q, $r) = $this->_divide_digit($this->value, $y->value[0]);
+            $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $remainder = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $quotient->value = $q;
+            $remainder->value = array($r);
+            $quotient->is_negative = $this->is_negative != $y->is_negative;
+            return array($this->_normalize($quotient), $this->_normalize($remainder));
+        }
+
+        static $zero;
+        if ( !isset($zero) ) {
+            $zero = new Math_BigInteger();
+        }
+
+        $x = $this->copy();
+        $y = $y->copy();
+
+        $x_sign = $x->is_negative;
+        $y_sign = $y->is_negative;
+
+        $x->is_negative = $y->is_negative = false;
+
+        $diff = $x->compare($y);
+
+        if ( !$diff ) {
+            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $temp->value = array(1);
+            $temp->is_negative = $x_sign != $y_sign;
+            return array($this->_normalize($temp), $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger()));
+        }
+
+        if ( $diff < 0 ) {
+            // if $x is negative, "add" $y.
+            if ( $x_sign ) {
+                $x = $y->subtract($x);
+            }
+            return array($this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger()), $this->_normalize($x));
+        }
+
+        // normalize $x and $y as described in HAC 14.23 / 14.24
+        $msb = $y->value[count($y->value) - 1];
+        for ($shift = 0; !($msb & 0x2000000); ++$shift) {
+            $msb <<= 1;
+        }
+        $x->_lshift($shift);
+        $y->_lshift($shift);
+        $y_value = &$y->value;
+
+        $x_max = count($x->value) - 1;
+        $y_max = count($y->value) - 1;
+
+        $quotient = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $quotient_value = &$quotient->value;
+        $quotient_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $x_max - $y_max + 1);
+
+        static $temp, $lhs, $rhs;
+        if (!isset($temp)) {
+            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs =  new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs =  new Math_BigInteger();
+        }
+        $temp_value = &$temp->value;
+        $rhs_value =  &$rhs->value;
+
+        // $temp = $y << ($x_max - $y_max-1) in base 2**26
+        $temp_value = array_merge($this->_array_repeat(0, $x_max - $y_max), $y_value);
+
+        while ( $x->compare($temp) >= 0 ) {
+            // calculate the "common residue"
+            ++$quotient_value[$x_max - $y_max];
+            $x = $x->subtract($temp);
+            $x_max = count($x->value) - 1;
+        }
+
+        for ($i = $x_max; $i >= $y_max + 1; --$i) {
+            $x_value = &$x->value;
+            $x_window = array(
+                isset($x_value[$i]) ? $x_value[$i] : 0,
+                isset($x_value[$i - 1]) ? $x_value[$i - 1] : 0,
+                isset($x_value[$i - 2]) ? $x_value[$i - 2] : 0
+            );
+            $y_window = array(
+                $y_value[$y_max],
+                ( $y_max > 0 ) ? $y_value[$y_max - 1] : 0
+            );
+
+            $q_index = $i - $y_max - 1;
+            if ($x_window[0] == $y_window[0]) {
+                $quotient_value[$q_index] = 0x3FFFFFF;
+            } else {
+                $quotient_value[$q_index] = (int) (
+                    ($x_window[0] * 0x4000000 + $x_window[1])
+                    /
+                    $y_window[0]
+                );
+            }
+
+            $temp_value = array($y_window[1], $y_window[0]);
+
+            $lhs->value = array($quotient_value[$q_index]);
+            $lhs = $lhs->multiply($temp);
+
+            $rhs_value = array($x_window[2], $x_window[1], $x_window[0]);
+
+            while ( $lhs->compare($rhs) > 0 ) {
+                --$quotient_value[$q_index];
+
+                $lhs->value = array($quotient_value[$q_index]);
+                $lhs = $lhs->multiply($temp);
+            }
+
+            $adjust = $this->_array_repeat(0, $q_index);
+            $temp_value = array($quotient_value[$q_index]);
+            $temp = $temp->multiply($y);
+            $temp_value = &$temp->value;
+            $temp_value = array_merge($adjust, $temp_value);
+
+            $x = $x->subtract($temp);
+
+            if ($x->compare($zero) < 0) {
+                $temp_value = array_merge($adjust, $y_value);
+                $x = $x->add($temp);
+
+                --$quotient_value[$q_index];
+            }
+
+            $x_max = count($x_value) - 1;
+        }
+
+        // unnormalize the remainder
+        $x->_rshift($shift);
+
+        $quotient->is_negative = $x_sign != $y_sign;
+
+        // calculate the "common residue", if appropriate
+        if ( $x_sign ) {
+            $y->_rshift($shift);
+            $x = $y->subtract($x);
+        }
+
+        return array($this->_normalize($quotient), $this->_normalize($x));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Divides a BigInteger by a regular integer
+     *
+     * abc / x = a00 / x + b0 / x + c / x
+     *
+     * @param Array $dividend
+     * @param Array $divisor
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _divide_digit($dividend, $divisor)
+    {
+        $carry = 0;
+        $result = array();
+
+        for ($i = count($dividend) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            $temp = 0x4000000 * $carry + $dividend[$i];
+            $result[$i] = (int) ($temp / $divisor);
+            $carry = (int) ($temp - $divisor * $result[$i]);
+        }
+
+        return array($result, $carry);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs modular exponentiation.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger('10');
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger('20');
+     *    $c = new Math_BigInteger('30');
+     *
+     *    $c = $a->modPow($b, $c);
+     *
+     *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs 10
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $e
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal The most naive approach to modular exponentiation has very unreasonable requirements, and
+     *    and although the approach involving repeated squaring does vastly better, it, too, is impractical
+     *    for our purposes.  The reason being that division - by far the most complicated and time-consuming
+     *    of the basic operations (eg. +,-,*,/) - occurs multiple times within it.
+     *
+     *    Modular reductions resolve this issue.  Although an individual modular reduction takes more time
+     *    then an individual division, when performed in succession (with the same modulo), they're a lot faster.
+     *
+     *    The two most commonly used modular reductions are Barrett and Montgomery reduction.  Montgomery reduction,
+     *    although faster, only works when the gcd of the modulo and of the base being used is 1.  In RSA, when the
+     *    base is a power of two, the modulo - a product of two primes - is always going to have a gcd of 1 (because
+     *    the product of two odd numbers is odd), but what about when RSA isn't used?
+     *
+     *    In contrast, Barrett reduction has no such constraint.  As such, some bigint implementations perform a
+     *    Barrett reduction after every operation in the modpow function.  Others perform Barrett reductions when the
+     *    modulo is even and Montgomery reductions when the modulo is odd.  BigInteger.java's modPow method, however,
+     *    uses a trick involving the Chinese Remainder Theorem to factor the even modulo into two numbers - one odd and
+     *    the other, a power of two - and recombine them, later.  This is the method that this modPow function uses.
+     *    {@link http://islab.oregonstate.edu/papers/j34monex.pdf Montgomery Reduction with Even Modulus} elaborates.
+     */
+    function modPow($e, $n)
+    {
+        $n = $this->bitmask !== false && $this->bitmask->compare($n) < 0 ? $this->bitmask : $n->abs();
+
+        if ($e->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) < 0) {
+            $e = $e->abs();
+
+            $temp = $this->modInverse($n);
+            if ($temp === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            return $this->_normalize($temp->modPow($e, $n));
+        }
+
+        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP ) {
+            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $temp->value = gmp_powm($this->value, $e->value, $n->value);
+
+            return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) < 0 || $this->compare($n) > 0) {
+            list(, $temp) = $this->divide($n);
+            return $temp->modPow($e, $n);
+        }
+
+        if (defined('MATH_BIGINTEGER_OPENSSL_ENABLED')) {
+            $components = array(
+                'modulus' => $n->toBytes(true),
+                'publicExponent' => $e->toBytes(true)
+            );
+
+            $components = array(
+                'modulus' => pack('Ca*a*', 2, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['modulus'])), $components['modulus']),
+                'publicExponent' => pack('Ca*a*', 2, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['publicExponent'])), $components['publicExponent'])
+            );
+
+            $RSAPublicKey = pack('Ca*a*a*',
+                48, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($components['modulus']) + strlen($components['publicExponent'])),
+                $components['modulus'], $components['publicExponent']
+            );
+
+            $rsaOID = pack('H*', '300d06092a864886f70d0101010500'); // hex version of MA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUA
+            $RSAPublicKey = chr(0) . $RSAPublicKey;
+            $RSAPublicKey = chr(3) . $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($RSAPublicKey)) . $RSAPublicKey;
+
+            $encapsulated = pack('Ca*a*',
+                48, $this->_encodeASN1Length(strlen($rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey)), $rsaOID . $RSAPublicKey
+            );
+
+            $RSAPublicKey = "-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----\r\n" .
+                             chunk_split(base64_encode($encapsulated)) .
+                             '-----END PUBLIC KEY-----';
+
+            $plaintext = str_pad($this->toBytes(), strlen($n->toBytes(true)) - 1, "\0", STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+            if (openssl_public_encrypt($plaintext, $result, $RSAPublicKey, OPENSSL_NO_PADDING)) {
+                return new Math_BigInteger($result, 256);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = bcpowmod($this->value, $e->value, $n->value, 0);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        if ( empty($e->value) ) {
+            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $temp->value = array(1);
+            return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        if ( $e->value == array(1) ) {
+            list(, $temp) = $this->divide($n);
+            return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        if ( $e->value == array(2) ) {
+            $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $temp->value = $this->_square($this->value);
+            list(, $temp) = $temp->divide($n);
+            return $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        return $this->_normalize($this->_slidingWindow($e, $n, MATH_BIGINTEGER_BARRETT));
+
+        // is the modulo odd?
+        if ( $n->value[0] & 1 ) {
+            return $this->_normalize($this->_slidingWindow($e, $n, MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY));
+        }
+        // if it's not, it's even
+
+        // find the lowest set bit (eg. the max pow of 2 that divides $n)
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($n->value); ++$i) {
+            if ( $n->value[$i] ) {
+                $temp = decbin($n->value[$i]);
+                $j = strlen($temp) - strrpos($temp, '1') - 1;
+                $j+= 26 * $i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        // at this point, 2^$j * $n/(2^$j) == $n
+
+        $mod1 = $n->copy();
+        $mod1->_rshift($j);
+        $mod2 = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $mod2->value = array(1);
+        $mod2->_lshift($j);
+
+        $part1 = ( $mod1->value != array(1) ) ? $this->_slidingWindow($e, $mod1, MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) : new Math_BigInteger();
+        $part2 = $this->_slidingWindow($e, $mod2, MATH_BIGINTEGER_POWEROF2);
+
+        $y1 = $mod2->modInverse($mod1);
+        $y2 = $mod1->modInverse($mod2);
+
+        $result = $part1->multiply($mod2);
+        $result = $result->multiply($y1);
+
+        $temp = $part2->multiply($mod1);
+        $temp = $temp->multiply($y2);
+
+        $result = $result->add($temp);
+        list(, $result) = $result->divide($n);
+
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs modular exponentiation.
+     *
+     * Alias for Math_BigInteger::modPow()
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $e
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function powMod($e, $n)
+    {
+        return $this->modPow($e, $n);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sliding Window k-ary Modular Exponentiation
+     *
+     * Based on {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=27 HAC 14.85} /
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=210 MPM 7.7}.  In a departure from those algorithims,
+     * however, this function performs a modular reduction after every multiplication and squaring operation.
+     * As such, this function has the same preconditions that the reductions being used do.
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $e
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _slidingWindow($e, $n, $mode)
+    {
+        static $window_ranges = array(7, 25, 81, 241, 673, 1793); // from BigInteger.java's oddModPow function
+        //static $window_ranges = array(0, 7, 36, 140, 450, 1303, 3529); // from MPM 7.3.1
+
+        $e_value = $e->value;
+        $e_length = count($e_value) - 1;
+        $e_bits = decbin($e_value[$e_length]);
+        for ($i = $e_length - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            $e_bits.= str_pad(decbin($e_value[$i]), 26, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT);
+        }
+
+        $e_length = strlen($e_bits);
+
+        // calculate the appropriate window size.
+        // $window_size == 3 if $window_ranges is between 25 and 81, for example.
+        for ($i = 0, $window_size = 1; $e_length > $window_ranges[$i] && $i < count($window_ranges); ++$window_size, ++$i);
+
+        $n_value = $n->value;
+
+        // precompute $this^0 through $this^$window_size
+        $powers = array();
+        $powers[1] = $this->_prepareReduce($this->value, $n_value, $mode);
+        $powers[2] = $this->_squareReduce($powers[1], $n_value, $mode);
+
+        // we do every other number since substr($e_bits, $i, $j+1) (see below) is supposed to end
+        // in a 1.  ie. it's supposed to be odd.
+        $temp = 1 << ($window_size - 1);
+        for ($i = 1; $i < $temp; ++$i) {
+            $i2 = $i << 1;
+            $powers[$i2 + 1] = $this->_multiplyReduce($powers[$i2 - 1], $powers[2], $n_value, $mode);
+        }
+
+        $result = array(1);
+        $result = $this->_prepareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $e_length; ) {
+            if ( !$e_bits[$i] ) {
+                $result = $this->_squareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+                ++$i;
+            } else {
+                for ($j = $window_size - 1; $j > 0; --$j) {
+                    if ( !empty($e_bits[$i + $j]) ) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                for ($k = 0; $k <= $j; ++$k) {// eg. the length of substr($e_bits, $i, $j+1)
+                    $result = $this->_squareReduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+                }
+
+                $result = $this->_multiplyReduce($result, $powers[bindec(substr($e_bits, $i, $j + 1))], $n_value, $mode);
+
+                $i+=$j + 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp->value = $this->_reduce($result, $n_value, $mode);
+
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modular reduction
+     *
+     * For most $modes this will return the remainder.
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _reduce($x, $n, $mode)
+    {
+        switch ($mode) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY:
+                return $this->_montgomery($x, $n);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_BARRETT:
+                return $this->_barrett($x, $n);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_POWEROF2:
+                $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $lhs->value = $x;
+                $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $rhs->value = $n;
+                return $x->_mod2($n);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_CLASSIC:
+                $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $lhs->value = $x;
+                $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $rhs->value = $n;
+                list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
+                return $temp->value;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_NONE:
+                return $x;
+            default:
+                // an invalid $mode was provided
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modular reduction preperation
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _prepareReduce($x, $n, $mode)
+    {
+        if ($mode == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) {
+            return $this->_prepMontgomery($x, $n);
+        }
+        return $this->_reduce($x, $n, $mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modular multiply
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $y
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _multiplyReduce($x, $y, $n, $mode)
+    {
+        if ($mode == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) {
+            return $this->_montgomeryMultiply($x, $y, $n);
+        }
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($x, false, $y, false);
+        return $this->_reduce($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $n, $mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modular square
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _squareReduce($x, $n, $mode)
+    {
+        if ($mode == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MONTGOMERY) {
+            return $this->_montgomeryMultiply($x, $x, $n);
+        }
+        return $this->_reduce($this->_square($x), $n, $mode);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modulos for Powers of Two
+     *
+     * Calculates $x%$n, where $n = 2**$e, for some $e.  Since this is basically the same as doing $x & ($n-1),
+     * we'll just use this function as a wrapper for doing that.
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Math_BigInteger
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function _mod2($n)
+    {
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $temp->value = array(1);
+        return $this->bitwise_and($n->subtract($temp));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Barrett Modular Reduction
+     *
+     * See {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=14 HAC 14.3.3} /
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=165 MPM 6.2.5} for more information.  Modified slightly,
+     * so as not to require negative numbers (initially, this script didn't support negative numbers).
+     *
+     * Employs "folding", as described at
+     * {@link http://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.be/publications/thesis-149.pdf#page=66 thesis-149.pdf#page=66}.  To quote from
+     * it, "the idea [behind folding] is to find a value x' such that x (mod m) = x' (mod m), with x' being smaller than x."
+     *
+     * Unfortunately, the "Barrett Reduction with Folding" algorithm described in thesis-149.pdf is not, as written, all that
+     * usable on account of (1) its not using reasonable radix points as discussed in
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=162 MPM 6.2.2} and (2) the fact that, even with reasonable
+     * radix points, it only works when there are an even number of digits in the denominator.  The reason for (2) is that
+     * (x >> 1) + (x >> 1) != x / 2 + x / 2.  If x is even, they're the same, but if x is odd, they're not.  See the in-line
+     * comments for details.
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @param Array $m
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _barrett($n, $m)
+    {
+        static $cache = array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+        );
+
+        $m_length = count($m);
+
+        // if ($this->_compare($n, $this->_square($m)) >= 0) {
+        if (count($n) > 2 * $m_length) {
+            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs->value = $n;
+            $rhs->value = $m;
+            list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
+            return $temp->value;
+        }
+
+        // if (m.length >> 1) + 2 <= m.length then m is too small and n can't be reduced
+        if ($m_length < 5) {
+            return $this->_regularBarrett($n, $m);
+        }
+
+        // n = 2 * m.length
+
+        if ( ($key = array_search($m, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
+            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $m;
+
+            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs_value = &$lhs->value;
+            $lhs_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $m_length + ($m_length >> 1));
+            $lhs_value[] = 1;
+            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs->value = $m;
+
+            list($u, $m1) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
+            $u = $u->value;
+            $m1 = $m1->value;
+
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = array(
+                'u' => $u, // m.length >> 1 (technically (m.length >> 1) + 1)
+                'm1'=> $m1 // m.length
+            );
+        } else {
+            extract($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key]);
+        }
+
+        $cutoff = $m_length + ($m_length >> 1);
+        $lsd = array_slice($n, 0, $cutoff); // m.length + (m.length >> 1)
+        $msd = array_slice($n, $cutoff);    // m.length >> 1
+        $lsd = $this->_trim($lsd);
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($msd, false, $m1, false);
+        $n = $this->_add($lsd, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false); // m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1
+
+        if ($m_length & 1) {
+            return $this->_regularBarrett($n[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $m);
+        }
+
+        // (m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1) - (m.length - 1) == (m.length >> 1) + 2
+        $temp = array_slice($n[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $m_length - 1);
+        // if even: ((m.length >> 1) + 2) + (m.length >> 1) == m.length + 2
+        // if odd:  ((m.length >> 1) + 2) + (m.length >> 1) == (m.length - 1) + 2 == m.length + 1
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($temp, false, $u, false);
+        // if even: (m.length + 2) - ((m.length >> 1) + 1) = m.length - (m.length >> 1) + 1
+        // if odd:  (m.length + 1) - ((m.length >> 1) + 1) = m.length - (m.length >> 1)
+        $temp = array_slice($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], ($m_length >> 1) + 1);
+        // if even: (m.length - (m.length >> 1) + 1) + m.length = 2 * m.length - (m.length >> 1) + 1
+        // if odd:  (m.length - (m.length >> 1)) + m.length     = 2 * m.length - (m.length >> 1)
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($temp, false, $m, false);
+
+        // at this point, if m had an odd number of digits, we'd be subtracting a 2 * m.length - (m.length >> 1) digit
+        // number from a m.length + (m.length >> 1) + 1 digit number.  ie. there'd be an extra digit and the while loop
+        // following this comment would loop a lot (hence our calling _regularBarrett() in that situation).
+
+        $result = $this->_subtract($n[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+
+        while ($this->_compare($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $m, false) >= 0) {
+            $result = $this->_subtract($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $m, false);
+        }
+
+        return $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * (Regular) Barrett Modular Reduction
+     *
+     * For numbers with more than four digits Math_BigInteger::_barrett() is faster.  The difference between that and this
+     * is that this function does not fold the denominator into a smaller form.
+     *
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _regularBarrett($x, $n)
+    {
+        static $cache = array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+        );
+
+        $n_length = count($n);
+
+        if (count($x) > 2 * $n_length) {
+            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs->value = $x;
+            $rhs->value = $n;
+            list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
+            return $temp->value;
+        }
+
+        if ( ($key = array_search($n, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
+            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $n;
+            $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $lhs_value = &$lhs->value;
+            $lhs_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, 2 * $n_length);
+            $lhs_value[] = 1;
+            $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $rhs->value = $n;
+            list($temp, ) = $lhs->divide($rhs); // m.length
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = $temp->value;
+        }
+
+        // 2 * m.length - (m.length - 1) = m.length + 1
+        $temp = array_slice($x, $n_length - 1);
+        // (m.length + 1) + m.length = 2 * m.length + 1
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($temp, false, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key], false);
+        // (2 * m.length + 1) - (m.length - 1) = m.length + 2
+        $temp = array_slice($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $n_length + 1);
+
+        // m.length + 1
+        $result = array_slice($x, 0, $n_length + 1);
+        // m.length + 1
+        $temp = $this->_multiplyLower($temp, false, $n, false, $n_length + 1);
+        // $temp == array_slice($temp->_multiply($temp, false, $n, false)->value, 0, $n_length + 1)
+
+        if ($this->_compare($result, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]) < 0) {
+            $corrector_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $n_length + 1);
+            $corrector_value[] = 1;
+            $result = $this->_add($result, false, $corrector, false);
+            $result = $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+        }
+
+        // at this point, we're subtracting a number with m.length + 1 digits from another number with m.length + 1 digits
+        $result = $this->_subtract($result, false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN]);
+        while ($this->_compare($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $n, false) > 0) {
+            $result = $this->_subtract($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN], $n, false);
+        }
+
+        return $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Performs long multiplication up to $stop digits
+     *
+     * If you're going to be doing array_slice($product->value, 0, $stop), some cycles can be saved.
+     *
+     * @see _regularBarrett()
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Boolean $x_negative
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @param Boolean $y_negative
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _multiplyLower($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative, $stop)
+    {
+        $x_length = count($x_value);
+        $y_length = count($y_value);
+
+        if ( !$x_length || !$y_length ) { // a 0 is being multiplied
+            return array(
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => array(),
+                MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => false
+            );
+        }
+
+        if ( $x_length < $y_length ) {
+            $temp = $x_value;
+            $x_value = $y_value;
+            $y_value = $temp;
+
+            $x_length = count($x_value);
+            $y_length = count($y_value);
+        }
+
+        $product_value = $this->_array_repeat(0, $x_length + $y_length);
+
+        // the following for loop could be removed if the for loop following it
+        // (the one with nested for loops) initially set $i to 0, but
+        // doing so would also make the result in one set of unnecessary adds,
+        // since on the outermost loops first pass, $product->value[$k] is going
+        // to always be 0
+
+        $carry = 0;
+
+        for ($j = 0; $j < $x_length; ++$j) { // ie. $i = 0, $k = $i
+            $temp = $x_value[$j] * $y_value[0] + $carry; // $product_value[$k] == 0
+            $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+            $product_value[$j] = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * $carry);
+        }
+
+        if ($j < $stop) {
+            $product_value[$j] = $carry;
+        }
+
+        // the above for loop is what the previous comment was talking about.  the
+        // following for loop is the "one with nested for loops"
+
+        for ($i = 1; $i < $y_length; ++$i) {
+            $carry = 0;
+
+            for ($j = 0, $k = $i; $j < $x_length && $k < $stop; ++$j, ++$k) {
+                $temp = $product_value[$k] + $x_value[$j] * $y_value[$i] + $carry;
+                $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+                $product_value[$k] = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * $carry);
+            }
+
+            if ($k < $stop) {
+                $product_value[$k] = $carry;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_trim($product_value),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_SIGN => $x_negative != $y_negative
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Montgomery Modular Reduction
+     *
+     * ($x->_prepMontgomery($n))->_montgomery($n) yields $x % $n.
+     * {@link http://math.libtomcrypt.com/files/tommath.pdf#page=170 MPM 6.3} provides insights on how this can be
+     * improved upon (basically, by using the comba method).  gcd($n, 2) must be equal to one for this function
+     * to work correctly.
+     *
+     * @see _prepMontgomery()
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _montgomery($x, $n)
+    {
+        static $cache = array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+        );
+
+        if ( ($key = array_search($n, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
+            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $x;
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = $this->_modInverse67108864($n);
+        }
+
+        $k = count($n);
+
+        $result = array(MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $x);
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $k; ++$i) {
+            $temp = $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE][$i] * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key];
+            $temp = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * ((int) ($temp / 0x4000000)));
+            $temp = $this->_regularMultiply(array($temp), $n);
+            $temp = array_merge($this->_array_repeat(0, $i), $temp);
+            $result = $this->_add($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $temp, false);
+        }
+
+        $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_slice($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $k);
+
+        if ($this->_compare($result, false, $n, false) >= 0) {
+            $result = $this->_subtract($result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $n, false);
+        }
+
+        return $result[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Montgomery Multiply
+     *
+     * Interleaves the montgomery reduction and long multiplication algorithms together as described in 
+     * {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=13 HAC 14.36}
+     *
+     * @see _prepMontgomery()
+     * @see _montgomery()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $y
+     * @param Array $m
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _montgomeryMultiply($x, $y, $m)
+    {
+        $temp = $this->_multiply($x, false, $y, false);
+        return $this->_montgomery($temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], $m);
+
+        static $cache = array(
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE => array(),
+            MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA => array()
+        );
+
+        if ( ($key = array_search($m, $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE])) === false ) {
+            $key = count($cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE]);
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VARIABLE][] = $m;
+            $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][] = $this->_modInverse67108864($m);
+        }
+
+        $n = max(count($x), count($y), count($m));
+        $x = array_pad($x, $n, 0);
+        $y = array_pad($y, $n, 0);
+        $m = array_pad($m, $n, 0);
+        $a = array(MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE => $this->_array_repeat(0, $n + 1));
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $n; ++$i) {
+            $temp = $a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE][0] + $x[$i] * $y[0];
+            $temp = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * ((int) ($temp / 0x4000000)));
+            $temp = $temp * $cache[MATH_BIGINTEGER_DATA][$key];
+            $temp = (int) ($temp - 0x4000000 * ((int) ($temp / 0x4000000)));
+            $temp = $this->_add($this->_regularMultiply(array($x[$i]), $y), false, $this->_regularMultiply(array($temp), $m), false);
+            $a = $this->_add($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $temp[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false);
+            $a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE] = array_slice($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], 1);
+        }
+        if ($this->_compare($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $m, false) >= 0) {
+            $a = $this->_subtract($a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE], false, $m, false);
+        }
+        return $a[MATH_BIGINTEGER_VALUE];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Prepare a number for use in Montgomery Modular Reductions
+     *
+     * @see _montgomery()
+     * @see _slidingWindow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @param Array $n
+     * @return Array
+     */
+    function _prepMontgomery($x, $n)
+    {
+        $lhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $lhs->value = array_merge($this->_array_repeat(0, count($n)), $x);
+        $rhs = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $rhs->value = $n;
+
+        list(, $temp) = $lhs->divide($rhs);
+        return $temp->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Modular Inverse of a number mod 2**26 (eg. 67108864)
+     *
+     * Based off of the bnpInvDigit function implemented and justified in the following URL:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www-cs-students.stanford.edu/~tjw/jsbn/jsbn.js}
+     *
+     * The following URL provides more info:
+     *
+     * {@link http://groups.google.com/group/sci.crypt/msg/7a137205c1be7d85}
+     *
+     * As for why we do all the bitmasking...  strange things can happen when converting from floats to ints. For
+     * instance, on some computers, var_dump((int) -4294967297) yields int(-1) and on others, it yields 
+     * int(-2147483648).  To avoid problems stemming from this, we use bitmasks to guarantee that ints aren't
+     * auto-converted to floats.  The outermost bitmask is present because without it, there's no guarantee that
+     * the "residue" returned would be the so-called "common residue".  We use fmod, in the last step, because the
+     * maximum possible $x is 26 bits and the maximum $result is 16 bits.  Thus, we have to be able to handle up to
+     * 40 bits, which only 64-bit floating points will support.
+     *
+     * Thanks to Pedro Gimeno Fortea for input!
+     *
+     * @see _montgomery()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Array $x
+     * @return Integer
+     */
+    function _modInverse67108864($x) // 2**26 == 67108864
+    {
+        $x = -$x[0];
+        $result = $x & 0x3; // x**-1 mod 2**2
+        $result = ($result * (2 - $x * $result)) & 0xF; // x**-1 mod 2**4
+        $result = ($result * (2 - ($x & 0xFF) * $result))  & 0xFF; // x**-1 mod 2**8
+        $result = ($result * ((2 - ($x & 0xFFFF) * $result) & 0xFFFF)) & 0xFFFF; // x**-1 mod 2**16
+        $result = fmod($result * (2 - fmod($x * $result, 0x4000000)), 0x4000000); // x**-1 mod 2**26
+        return $result & 0x3FFFFFF;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates modular inverses.
+     *
+     * Say you have (30 mod 17 * x mod 17) mod 17 == 1.  x can be found using modular inverses.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(30);
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(17);
+     *
+     *    $c = $a->modInverse($b);
+     *    echo $c->toString(); // outputs 4
+     *
+     *    echo "\r\n";
+     *
+     *    $d = $a->multiply($c);
+     *    list(, $d) = $d->divide($b);
+     *    echo $d; // outputs 1 (as per the definition of modular inverse)
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
+     * @return mixed false, if no modular inverse exists, Math_BigInteger, otherwise.
+     * @access public
+     * @internal See {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=21 HAC 14.64} for more information.
+     */
+    function modInverse($n)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_invert($this->value, $n->value);
+
+                return ( $temp->value === false ) ? false : $this->_normalize($temp);
+        }
+
+        static $zero, $one;
+        if (!isset($zero)) {
+            $zero = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+        }
+
+        // $x mod -$n == $x mod $n.
+        $n = $n->abs();
+
+        if ($this->compare($zero) < 0) {
+            $temp = $this->abs();
+            $temp = $temp->modInverse($n);
+            return $this->_normalize($n->subtract($temp));
+        }
+
+        extract($this->extendedGCD($n));
+
+        if (!$gcd->equals($one)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $x = $x->compare($zero) < 0 ? $x->add($n) : $x;
+
+        return $this->compare($zero) < 0 ? $this->_normalize($n->subtract($x)) : $this->_normalize($x);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the greatest common divisor and B�zout's identity.
+     *
+     * Say you have 693 and 609.  The GCD is 21.  B�zout's identity states that there exist integers x and y such that
+     * 693*x + 609*y == 21.  In point of fact, there are actually an infinite number of x and y combinations and which
+     * combination is returned is dependant upon which mode is in use.  See
+     * {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zout%27s_identity B�zout's identity - Wikipedia} for more information.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(693);
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(609);
+     *
+     *    extract($a->extendedGCD($b));
+     *
+     *    echo $gcd->toString() . "\r\n"; // outputs 21
+     *    echo $a->toString() * $x->toString() + $b->toString() * $y->toString(); // outputs 21
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Calculates the GCD using the binary xGCD algorithim described in
+     *    {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap14.pdf#page=19 HAC 14.61}.  As the text above 14.61 notes,
+     *    the more traditional algorithim requires "relatively costly multiple-precision divisions".
+     */
+    function extendedGCD($n)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                extract(gmp_gcdext($this->value, $n->value));
+
+                return array(
+                    'gcd' => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($g)),
+                    'x'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($s)),
+                    'y'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($t))
+                );
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                // it might be faster to use the binary xGCD algorithim here, as well, but (1) that algorithim works
+                // best when the base is a power of 2 and (2) i don't think it'd make much difference, anyway.  as is,
+                // the basic extended euclidean algorithim is what we're using.
+
+                $u = $this->value;
+                $v = $n->value;
+
+                $a = '1';
+                $b = '0';
+                $c = '0';
+                $d = '1';
+
+                while (bccomp($v, '0', 0) != 0) {
+                    $q = bcdiv($u, $v, 0);
+
+                    $temp = $u;
+                    $u = $v;
+                    $v = bcsub($temp, bcmul($v, $q, 0), 0);
+
+                    $temp = $a;
+                    $a = $c;
+                    $c = bcsub($temp, bcmul($a, $q, 0), 0);
+
+                    $temp = $b;
+                    $b = $d;
+                    $d = bcsub($temp, bcmul($b, $q, 0), 0);
+                }
+
+                return array(
+                    'gcd' => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($u)),
+                    'x'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($a)),
+                    'y'   => $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($b))
+                );
+        }
+
+        $y = $n->copy();
+        $x = $this->copy();
+        $g = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $g->value = array(1);
+
+        while ( !(($x->value[0] & 1)|| ($y->value[0] & 1)) ) {
+            $x->_rshift(1);
+            $y->_rshift(1);
+            $g->_lshift(1);
+        }
+
+        $u = $x->copy();
+        $v = $y->copy();
+
+        $a = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $b = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $c = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $d = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+        $a->value = $d->value = $g->value = array(1);
+        $b->value = $c->value = array();
+
+        while ( !empty($u->value) ) {
+            while ( !($u->value[0] & 1) ) {
+                $u->_rshift(1);
+                if ( (!empty($a->value) && ($a->value[0] & 1)) || (!empty($b->value) && ($b->value[0] & 1)) ) {
+                    $a = $a->add($y);
+                    $b = $b->subtract($x);
+                }
+                $a->_rshift(1);
+                $b->_rshift(1);
+            }
+
+            while ( !($v->value[0] & 1) ) {
+                $v->_rshift(1);
+                if ( (!empty($d->value) && ($d->value[0] & 1)) || (!empty($c->value) && ($c->value[0] & 1)) ) {
+                    $c = $c->add($y);
+                    $d = $d->subtract($x);
+                }
+                $c->_rshift(1);
+                $d->_rshift(1);
+            }
+
+            if ($u->compare($v) >= 0) {
+                $u = $u->subtract($v);
+                $a = $a->subtract($c);
+                $b = $b->subtract($d);
+            } else {
+                $v = $v->subtract($u);
+                $c = $c->subtract($a);
+                $d = $d->subtract($b);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            'gcd' => $this->_normalize($g->multiply($v)),
+            'x'   => $this->_normalize($c),
+            'y'   => $this->_normalize($d)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the greatest common divisor
+     *
+     * Say you have 693 and 609.  The GCD is 21.
+     *
+     * Here's an example:
+     * <code>
+     * <?php
+     *    include('Math/BigInteger.php');
+     *
+     *    $a = new Math_BigInteger(693);
+     *    $b = new Math_BigInteger(609);
+     *
+     *    $gcd = a->extendedGCD($b);
+     *
+     *    echo $gcd->toString() . "\r\n"; // outputs 21
+     * ?>
+     * </code>
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $n
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function gcd($n)
+    {
+        extract($this->extendedGCD($n));
+        return $gcd;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Absolute value.
+     *
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function abs()
+    {
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp->value = gmp_abs($this->value);
+                break;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp->value = (bccomp($this->value, '0', 0) < 0) ? substr($this->value, 1) : $this->value;
+                break;
+            default:
+                $temp->value = $this->value;
+        }
+
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares two numbers.
+     *
+     * Although one might think !$x->compare($y) means $x != $y, it, in fact, means the opposite.  The reason for this is
+     * demonstrated thusly:
+     *
+     * $x  > $y: $x->compare($y)  > 0
+     * $x  < $y: $x->compare($y)  < 0
+     * $x == $y: $x->compare($y) == 0
+     *
+     * Note how the same comparison operator is used.  If you want to test for equality, use $x->equals($y).
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @return Integer < 0 if $this is less than $x; > 0 if $this is greater than $x, and 0 if they are equal.
+     * @access public
+     * @see equals()
+     * @internal Could return $this->subtract($x), but that's not as fast as what we do do.
+     */
+    function compare($y)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                return gmp_cmp($this->value, $y->value);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                return bccomp($this->value, $y->value, 0);
+        }
+
+        return $this->_compare($this->value, $this->is_negative, $y->value, $y->is_negative);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares two numbers.
+     *
+     * @param Array $x_value
+     * @param Boolean $x_negative
+     * @param Array $y_value
+     * @param Boolean $y_negative
+     * @return Integer
+     * @see compare()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _compare($x_value, $x_negative, $y_value, $y_negative)
+    {
+        if ( $x_negative != $y_negative ) {
+            return ( !$x_negative && $y_negative ) ? 1 : -1;
+        }
+
+        $result = $x_negative ? -1 : 1;
+
+        if ( count($x_value) != count($y_value) ) {
+            return ( count($x_value) > count($y_value) ) ? $result : -$result;
+        }
+        $size = max(count($x_value), count($y_value));
+
+        $x_value = array_pad($x_value, $size, 0);
+        $y_value = array_pad($y_value, $size, 0);
+
+        for ($i = count($x_value) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            if ($x_value[$i] != $y_value[$i]) {
+                return ( $x_value[$i] > $y_value[$i] ) ? $result : -$result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tests the equality of two numbers.
+     *
+     * If you need to see if one number is greater than or less than another number, use Math_BigInteger::compare()
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     * @see compare()
+     */
+    function equals($x)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                return gmp_cmp($this->value, $x->value) == 0;
+            default:
+                return $this->value === $x->value && $this->is_negative == $x->is_negative;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Precision
+     *
+     * Some bitwise operations give different results depending on the precision being used.  Examples include left
+     * shift, not, and rotates.
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @access public
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function setPrecision($bits)
+    {
+        $this->precision = $bits;
+        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
+            $this->bitmask = new Math_BigInteger(chr((1 << ($bits & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $bits >> 3), 256);
+        } else {
+            $this->bitmask = new Math_BigInteger(bcpow('2', $bits, 0));
+        }
+
+        $temp = $this->_normalize($this);
+        $this->value = $temp->value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical And
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function bitwise_and($x)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_and($this->value, $x->value);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $left = $this->toBytes();
+                $right = $x->toBytes();
+
+                $length = max(strlen($left), strlen($right));
+
+                $left = str_pad($left, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+                $right = str_pad($right, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+                return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($left & $right, 256));
+        }
+
+        $result = $this->copy();
+
+        $length = min(count($x->value), count($this->value));
+
+        $result->value = array_slice($result->value, 0, $length);
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
+            $result->value[$i] = $result->value[$i] & $x->value[$i];
+        }
+
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Or
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function bitwise_or($x)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_or($this->value, $x->value);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $left = $this->toBytes();
+                $right = $x->toBytes();
+
+                $length = max(strlen($left), strlen($right));
+
+                $left = str_pad($left, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+                $right = str_pad($right, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+                return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($left | $right, 256));
+        }
+
+        $length = max(count($this->value), count($x->value));
+        $result = $this->copy();
+        $result->value = array_pad($result->value, 0, $length);
+        $x->value = array_pad($x->value, 0, $length);
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
+            $result->value[$i] = $this->value[$i] | $x->value[$i];
+        }
+
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Exclusive-Or
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $x
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function bitwise_xor($x)
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+                $temp->value = gmp_xor($this->value, $x->value);
+
+                return $this->_normalize($temp);
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $left = $this->toBytes();
+                $right = $x->toBytes();
+
+                $length = max(strlen($left), strlen($right));
+
+                $left = str_pad($left, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+                $right = str_pad($right, $length, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+                return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($left ^ $right, 256));
+        }
+
+        $length = max(count($this->value), count($x->value));
+        $result = $this->copy();
+        $result->value = array_pad($result->value, 0, $length);
+        $x->value = array_pad($x->value, 0, $length);
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
+            $result->value[$i] = $this->value[$i] ^ $x->value[$i];
+        }
+
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Not
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Implemented per a request by Lluis Pamies i Juarez <lluis _a_ pamies.cat>
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     */
+    function bitwise_not()
+    {
+        // calculuate "not" without regard to $this->precision
+        // (will always result in a smaller number.  ie. ~1 isn't 1111 1110 - it's 0)
+        $temp = $this->toBytes();
+        $pre_msb = decbin(ord($temp[0]));
+        $temp = ~$temp;
+        $msb = decbin(ord($temp[0]));
+        if (strlen($msb) == 8) {
+            $msb = substr($msb, strpos($msb, '0'));
+        }
+        $temp[0] = chr(bindec($msb));
+
+        // see if we need to add extra leading 1's
+        $current_bits = strlen($pre_msb) + 8 * strlen($temp) - 8;
+        $new_bits = $this->precision - $current_bits;
+        if ($new_bits <= 0) {
+            return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($temp, 256));
+        }
+
+        // generate as many leading 1's as we need to.
+        $leading_ones = chr((1 << ($new_bits & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $new_bits >> 3);
+        $this->_base256_lshift($leading_ones, $current_bits);
+
+        $temp = str_pad($temp, ceil($this->bits / 8), chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT);
+
+        return $this->_normalize(new Math_BigInteger($leading_ones | $temp, 256));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Right Shift
+     *
+     * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits, effectively dividing by 2**$shift.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal The only version that yields any speed increases is the internal version.
+     */
+    function bitwise_rightShift($shift)
+    {
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                static $two;
+
+                if (!isset($two)) {
+                    $two = gmp_init('2');
+                }
+
+                $temp->value = gmp_div_q($this->value, gmp_pow($two, $shift));
+
+                break;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp->value = bcdiv($this->value, bcpow('2', $shift, 0), 0);
+
+                break;
+            default: // could just replace _lshift with this, but then all _lshift() calls would need to be rewritten
+                     // and I don't want to do that...
+                $temp->value = $this->value;
+                $temp->_rshift($shift);
+        }
+
+        return $this->_normalize($temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Left Shift
+     *
+     * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits, effectively multiplying by 2**$shift.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal The only version that yields any speed increases is the internal version.
+     */
+    function bitwise_leftShift($shift)
+    {
+        $temp = new Math_BigInteger();
+
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                static $two;
+
+                if (!isset($two)) {
+                    $two = gmp_init('2');
+                }
+
+                $temp->value = gmp_mul($this->value, gmp_pow($two, $shift));
+
+                break;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                $temp->value = bcmul($this->value, bcpow('2', $shift, 0), 0);
+
+                break;
+            default: // could just replace _rshift with this, but then all _lshift() calls would need to be rewritten
+                     // and I don't want to do that...
+                $temp->value = $this->value;
+                $temp->_lshift($shift);
+        }
+
+        return $this->_normalize($temp);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Left Rotate
+     *
+     * Instead of the top x bits being dropped they're appended to the shifted bit string.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function bitwise_leftRotate($shift)
+    {
+        $bits = $this->toBytes();
+
+        if ($this->precision > 0) {
+            $precision = $this->precision;
+            if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
+                $mask = $this->bitmask->subtract(new Math_BigInteger(1));
+                $mask = $mask->toBytes();
+            } else {
+                $mask = $this->bitmask->toBytes();
+            }
+        } else {
+            $temp = ord($bits[0]);
+            for ($i = 0; $temp >> $i; ++$i);
+            $precision = 8 * strlen($bits) - 8 + $i;
+            $mask = chr((1 << ($precision & 0x7)) - 1) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $precision >> 3);
+        }
+
+        if ($shift < 0) {
+            $shift+= $precision;
+        }
+        $shift%= $precision;
+
+        if (!$shift) {
+            return $this->copy();
+        }
+
+        $left = $this->bitwise_leftShift($shift);
+        $left = $left->bitwise_and(new Math_BigInteger($mask, 256));
+        $right = $this->bitwise_rightShift($precision - $shift);
+        $result = MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ? $left->bitwise_or($right) : $left->add($right);
+        return $this->_normalize($result);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Right Rotate
+     *
+     * Instead of the bottom x bits being dropped they're prepended to the shifted bit string.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function bitwise_rightRotate($shift)
+    {
+        return $this->bitwise_leftRotate(-$shift);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set random number generator function
+     *
+     * This function is deprecated.
+     *
+     * @param String $generator
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function setRandomGenerator($generator)
+    {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a random number
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $min
+     * @param optional Integer $max
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function random($min = false, $max = false)
+    {
+        if ($min === false) {
+            $min = new Math_BigInteger(0);
+        }
+
+        if ($max === false) {
+            $max = new Math_BigInteger(0x7FFFFFFF);
+        }
+
+        $compare = $max->compare($min);
+
+        if (!$compare) {
+            return $this->_normalize($min);
+        } else if ($compare < 0) {
+            // if $min is bigger then $max, swap $min and $max
+            $temp = $max;
+            $max = $min;
+            $min = $temp;
+        }
+
+        $generator = $this->generator;
+
+        $max = $max->subtract($min);
+        $max = ltrim($max->toBytes(), chr(0));
+        $size = strlen($max) - 1;
+
+        $crypt_random = function_exists('crypt_random_string') || (!class_exists('Crypt_Random') && function_exists('crypt_random_string'));
+        if ($crypt_random) {
+            $random = crypt_random_string($size);
+        } else {
+            $random = '';
+
+            if ($size & 1) {
+                $random.= chr(mt_rand(0, 255));
+            }
+
+            $blocks = $size >> 1;
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $blocks; ++$i) {
+                // mt_rand(-2147483648, 0x7FFFFFFF) always produces -2147483648 on some systems
+                $random.= pack('n', mt_rand(0, 0xFFFF));
+            }
+        }
+
+        $fragment = new Math_BigInteger($random, 256);
+        $leading = $fragment->compare(new Math_BigInteger(substr($max, 1), 256)) > 0 ?
+            ord($max[0]) - 1 : ord($max[0]);
+
+        if (!$crypt_random) {
+            $msb = chr(mt_rand(0, $leading));
+        } else {
+            $cutoff = floor(0xFF / $leading) * $leading;
+            while (true) {
+                $msb = ord(crypt_random_string(1));
+                if ($msb <= $cutoff) {
+                    $msb%= $leading;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            $msb = chr($msb);
+        }
+
+        $random = new Math_BigInteger($msb . $random, 256);
+
+        return $this->_normalize($random->add($min));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Generate a random prime number.
+     *
+     * If there's not a prime within the given range, false will be returned.  If more than $timeout seconds have elapsed,
+     * give up and return false.
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $min
+     * @param optional Integer $max
+     * @param optional Integer $timeout
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access public
+     * @internal See {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap4.pdf#page=15 HAC 4.44}.
+     */
+    function randomPrime($min = false, $max = false, $timeout = false)
+    {
+        $compare = $max->compare($min);
+
+        if (!$compare) {
+            return $min;
+        } else if ($compare < 0) {
+            // if $min is bigger then $max, swap $min and $max
+            $temp = $max;
+            $max = $min;
+            $min = $temp;
+        }
+
+        // gmp_nextprime() requires PHP 5 >= 5.2.0 per <http://php.net/gmp-nextprime>.
+        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP && function_exists('gmp_nextprime') ) {
+            // we don't rely on Math_BigInteger::random()'s min / max when gmp_nextprime() is being used since this function
+            // does its own checks on $max / $min when gmp_nextprime() is used.  When gmp_nextprime() is not used, however,
+            // the same $max / $min checks are not performed.
+            if ($min === false) {
+                $min = new Math_BigInteger(0);
+            }
+
+            if ($max === false) {
+                $max = new Math_BigInteger(0x7FFFFFFF);
+            }
+
+            $x = $this->random($min, $max);
+
+            $x->value = gmp_nextprime($x->value);
+
+            if ($x->compare($max) <= 0) {
+                return $x;
+            }
+
+            $x->value = gmp_nextprime($min->value);
+
+            if ($x->compare($max) <= 0) {
+                return $x;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static $one, $two;
+        if (!isset($one)) {
+            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+            $two = new Math_BigInteger(2);
+        }
+
+        $start = time();
+
+        $x = $this->random($min, $max);
+        if ($x->equals($two)) {
+            return $x;
+        }
+
+        $x->_make_odd();
+        if ($x->compare($max) > 0) {
+            // if $x > $max then $max is even and if $min == $max then no prime number exists between the specified range
+            if ($min->equals($max)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $x = $min->copy();
+            $x->_make_odd();
+        }
+
+        $initial_x = $x->copy();
+
+        while (true) {
+            if ($timeout !== false && time() - $start > $timeout) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if ($x->isPrime()) {
+                return $x;
+            }
+
+            $x = $x->add($two);
+
+            if ($x->compare($max) > 0) {
+                $x = $min->copy();
+                if ($x->equals($two)) {
+                    return $x;
+                }
+                $x->_make_odd();
+            }
+
+            if ($x->equals($initial_x)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Make the current number odd
+     *
+     * If the current number is odd it'll be unchanged.  If it's even, one will be added to it.
+     *
+     * @see randomPrime()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _make_odd()
+    {
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                gmp_setbit($this->value, 0);
+                break;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                if ($this->value[strlen($this->value) - 1] % 2 == 0) {
+                    $this->value = bcadd($this->value, '1');
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                $this->value[0] |= 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks a numer to see if it's prime
+     *
+     * Assuming the $t parameter is not set, this function has an error rate of 2**-80.  The main motivation for the
+     * $t parameter is distributability.  Math_BigInteger::randomPrime() can be distributed accross multiple pageloads
+     * on a website instead of just one.
+     *
+     * @param optional Integer $t
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     * @internal Uses the
+     *     {@link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller%E2%80%93Rabin_primality_test Miller-Rabin primality test}.  See 
+     *     {@link http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/about/chap4.pdf#page=8 HAC 4.24}.
+     */
+    function isPrime($t = false)
+    {
+        $length = strlen($this->toBytes());
+
+        if (!$t) {
+            // see HAC 4.49 "Note (controlling the error probability)"
+                 if ($length >= 163) { $t =  2; } // floor(1300 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 106) { $t =  3; } // floor( 850 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 81 ) { $t =  4; } // floor( 650 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 68 ) { $t =  5; } // floor( 550 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 56 ) { $t =  6; } // floor( 450 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 50 ) { $t =  7; } // floor( 400 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 43 ) { $t =  8; } // floor( 350 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 37 ) { $t =  9; } // floor( 300 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 31 ) { $t = 12; } // floor( 250 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 25 ) { $t = 15; } // floor( 200 / 8)
+            else if ($length >= 18 ) { $t = 18; } // floor( 150 / 8)
+            else                     { $t = 27; }
+        }
+
+        // ie. gmp_testbit($this, 0)
+        // ie. isEven() or !isOdd()
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                return gmp_prob_prime($this->value, $t) != 0;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                if ($this->value === '2') {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if ($this->value[strlen($this->value) - 1] % 2 == 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                if ($this->value == array(2)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (~$this->value[0] & 1) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+        }
+
+        static $primes, $zero, $one, $two;
+
+        if (!isset($primes)) {
+            $primes = array(
+                3,    5,    7,    11,   13,   17,   19,   23,   29,   31,   37,   41,   43,   47,   53,   59,   
+                61,   67,   71,   73,   79,   83,   89,   97,   101,  103,  107,  109,  113,  127,  131,  137,  
+                139,  149,  151,  157,  163,  167,  173,  179,  181,  191,  193,  197,  199,  211,  223,  227,  
+                229,  233,  239,  241,  251,  257,  263,  269,  271,  277,  281,  283,  293,  307,  311,  313,  
+                317,  331,  337,  347,  349,  353,  359,  367,  373,  379,  383,  389,  397,  401,  409,  419,  
+                421,  431,  433,  439,  443,  449,  457,  461,  463,  467,  479,  487,  491,  499,  503,  509,  
+                521,  523,  541,  547,  557,  563,  569,  571,  577,  587,  593,  599,  601,  607,  613,  617,  
+                619,  631,  641,  643,  647,  653,  659,  661,  673,  677,  683,  691,  701,  709,  719,  727,  
+                733,  739,  743,  751,  757,  761,  769,  773,  787,  797,  809,  811,  821,  823,  827,  829,  
+                839,  853,  857,  859,  863,  877,  881,  883,  887,  907,  911,  919,  929,  937,  941,  947,  
+                953,  967,  971,  977,  983,  991,  997
+            );
+
+            if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL ) {
+                for ($i = 0; $i < count($primes); ++$i) {
+                    $primes[$i] = new Math_BigInteger($primes[$i]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            $zero = new Math_BigInteger();
+            $one = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+            $two = new Math_BigInteger(2);
+        }
+
+        if ($this->equals($one)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // see HAC 4.4.1 "Random search for probable primes"
+        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE != MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_INTERNAL ) {
+            foreach ($primes as $prime) {
+                list(, $r) = $this->divide($prime);
+                if ($r->equals($zero)) {
+                    return $this->equals($prime);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            $value = $this->value;
+            foreach ($primes as $prime) {
+                list(, $r) = $this->_divide_digit($value, $prime);
+                if (!$r) {
+                    return count($value) == 1 && $value[0] == $prime;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $n   = $this->copy();
+        $n_1 = $n->subtract($one);
+        $n_2 = $n->subtract($two);
+
+        $r = $n_1->copy();
+        $r_value = $r->value;
+        // ie. $s = gmp_scan1($n, 0) and $r = gmp_div_q($n, gmp_pow(gmp_init('2'), $s));
+        if ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE == MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH ) {
+            $s = 0;
+            // if $n was 1, $r would be 0 and this would be an infinite loop, hence our $this->equals($one) check earlier
+            while ($r->value[strlen($r->value) - 1] % 2 == 0) {
+                $r->value = bcdiv($r->value, '2', 0);
+                ++$s;
+            }
+        } else {
+            for ($i = 0, $r_length = count($r_value); $i < $r_length; ++$i) {
+                $temp = ~$r_value[$i] & 0xFFFFFF;
+                for ($j = 1; ($temp >> $j) & 1; ++$j);
+                if ($j != 25) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            $s = 26 * $i + $j - 1;
+            $r->_rshift($s);
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < $t; ++$i) {
+            $a = $this->random($two, $n_2);
+            $y = $a->modPow($r, $n);
+
+            if (!$y->equals($one) && !$y->equals($n_1)) {
+                for ($j = 1; $j < $s && !$y->equals($n_1); ++$j) {
+                    $y = $y->modPow($two, $n);
+                    if ($y->equals($one)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!$y->equals($n_1)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Left Shift
+     *
+     * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _lshift($shift)
+    {
+        if ( $shift == 0 ) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $num_digits = (int) ($shift / 26);
+        $shift %= 26;
+        $shift = 1 << $shift;
+
+        $carry = 0;
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($this->value); ++$i) {
+            $temp = $this->value[$i] * $shift + $carry;
+            $carry = (int) ($temp / 0x4000000);
+            $this->value[$i] = (int) ($temp - $carry * 0x4000000);
+        }
+
+        if ( $carry ) {
+            $this->value[] = $carry;
+        }
+
+        while ($num_digits--) {
+            array_unshift($this->value, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Right Shift
+     *
+     * Shifts BigInteger's by $shift bits.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $shift
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _rshift($shift)
+    {
+        if ($shift == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $num_digits = (int) ($shift / 26);
+        $shift %= 26;
+        $carry_shift = 26 - $shift;
+        $carry_mask = (1 << $shift) - 1;
+
+        if ( $num_digits ) {
+            $this->value = array_slice($this->value, $num_digits);
+        }
+
+        $carry = 0;
+
+        for ($i = count($this->value) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            $temp = $this->value[$i] >> $shift | $carry;
+            $carry = ($this->value[$i] & $carry_mask) << $carry_shift;
+            $this->value[$i] = $temp;
+        }
+
+        $this->value = $this->_trim($this->value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Normalize
+     *
+     * Removes leading zeros and truncates (if necessary) to maintain the appropriate precision
+     *
+     * @param Math_BigInteger
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @see _trim()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _normalize($result)
+    {
+        $result->precision = $this->precision;
+        $result->bitmask = $this->bitmask;
+
+        switch ( MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE ) {
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_GMP:
+                if (!empty($result->bitmask->value)) {
+                    $result->value = gmp_and($result->value, $result->bitmask->value);
+                }
+
+                return $result;
+            case MATH_BIGINTEGER_MODE_BCMATH:
+                if (!empty($result->bitmask->value)) {
+                    $result->value = bcmod($result->value, $result->bitmask->value);
+                }
+
+                return $result;
+        }
+
+        $value = &$result->value;
+
+        if ( !count($value) ) {
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        $value = $this->_trim($value);
+
+        if (!empty($result->bitmask->value)) {
+            $length = min(count($value), count($this->bitmask->value));
+            $value = array_slice($value, 0, $length);
+
+            for ($i = 0; $i < $length; ++$i) {
+                $value[$i] = $value[$i] & $this->bitmask->value[$i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Trim
+     *
+     * Removes leading zeros
+     *
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _trim($value)
+    {
+        for ($i = count($value) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            if ( $value[$i] ) {
+                break;
+            }
+            unset($value[$i]);
+        }
+
+        return $value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Array Repeat
+     *
+     * @param $input Array
+     * @param $multiplier mixed
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _array_repeat($input, $multiplier)
+    {
+        return ($multiplier) ? array_fill(0, $multiplier, $input) : array();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Left Shift
+     *
+     * Shifts binary strings $shift bits, essentially multiplying by 2**$shift.
+     *
+     * @param $x String
+     * @param $shift Integer
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _base256_lshift(&$x, $shift)
+    {
+        if ($shift == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $num_bytes = $shift >> 3; // eg. floor($shift/8)
+        $shift &= 7; // eg. $shift % 8
+
+        $carry = 0;
+        for ($i = strlen($x) - 1; $i >= 0; --$i) {
+            $temp = ord($x[$i]) << $shift | $carry;
+            $x[$i] = chr($temp);
+            $carry = $temp >> 8;
+        }
+        $carry = ($carry != 0) ? chr($carry) : '';
+        $x = $carry . $x . str_repeat(chr(0), $num_bytes);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logical Right Shift
+     *
+     * Shifts binary strings $shift bits, essentially dividing by 2**$shift and returning the remainder.
+     *
+     * @param $x String
+     * @param $shift Integer
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _base256_rshift(&$x, $shift)
+    {
+        if ($shift == 0) {
+            $x = ltrim($x, chr(0));
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        $num_bytes = $shift >> 3; // eg. floor($shift/8)
+        $shift &= 7; // eg. $shift % 8
+
+        $remainder = '';
+        if ($num_bytes) {
+            $start = $num_bytes > strlen($x) ? -strlen($x) : -$num_bytes;
+            $remainder = substr($x, $start);
+            $x = substr($x, 0, -$num_bytes);
+        }
+
+        $carry = 0;
+        $carry_shift = 8 - $shift;
+        for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($x); ++$i) {
+            $temp = (ord($x[$i]) >> $shift) | $carry;
+            $carry = (ord($x[$i]) << $carry_shift) & 0xFF;
+            $x[$i] = chr($temp);
+        }
+        $x = ltrim($x, chr(0));
+
+        $remainder = chr($carry >> $carry_shift) . $remainder;
+
+        return ltrim($remainder, chr(0));
+    }
+
+    // one quirk about how the following functions are implemented is that PHP defines N to be an unsigned long
+    // at 32-bits, while java's longs are 64-bits.
+
+    /**
+     * Converts 32-bit integers to bytes.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $x
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _int2bytes($x)
+    {
+        return ltrim(pack('N', $x), chr(0));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts bytes to 32-bit integers
+     *
+     * @param String $x
+     * @return Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _bytes2int($x)
+    {
+        $temp = unpack('Nint', str_pad($x, 4, chr(0), STR_PAD_LEFT));
+        return $temp['int'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * DER-encode an integer
+     *
+     * The ability to DER-encode integers is needed to create RSA public keys for use with OpenSSL
+     *
+     * @see modPow()
+     * @access private
+     * @param Integer $length
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _encodeASN1Length($length)
+    {
+        if ($length <= 0x7F) {
+            return chr($length);
+        }
+
+        $temp = ltrim(pack('N', $length), chr(0));
+        return pack('Ca*', 0x80 | strlen($temp), $temp);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8db087d3d99c695fe6b701ce720d6e9c3f9431a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SFTP.php
@@ -0,0 +1,2029 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SFTP.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Currently only supports SFTPv2 and v3, which, according to wikipedia.org, "is the most widely used version,
+ * implemented by the popular OpenSSH SFTP server".  If you want SFTPv4/5/6 support, provide me with access
+ * to an SFTPv4/5/6 server.
+ *
+ * The API for this library is modeled after the API from PHP's {@link http://php.net/book.ftp FTP extension}.
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Net/SFTP.php');
+ *
+ *    $sftp = new Net_SFTP('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$sftp->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $sftp->pwd() . "\r\n";
+ *    $sftp->put('filename.ext', 'hello, world!');
+ *    print_r($sftp->nlist());
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Net
+ * @package    Net_SFTP
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMIX Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Net_SSH2
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Net_SSH2')) {
+    require_once('Net/SSH2.php');
+}
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Net_SFTP::getLog()
+ */
+/**
+ * Returns the message numbers
+ */
+define('NET_SFTP_LOG_SIMPLE',  NET_SSH2_LOG_SIMPLE);
+/**
+ * Returns the message content
+ */
+define('NET_SFTP_LOG_COMPLEX', NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX);
+/**
+ * Outputs the message content in real-time.
+ */
+define('NET_SFTP_LOG_REALTIME', 3);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * SFTP channel constant
+ *
+ * Net_SSH2::exec() uses 0 and Net_SSH2::read() / Net_SSH2::write() use 1.
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+ * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SFTP_CHANNEL', 2);
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Net_SFTP::put()
+ */
+/**
+ * Reads data from a local file.
+ */
+define('NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE', 1);
+/**
+ * Reads data from a string.
+ */
+// this value isn't really used anymore but i'm keeping it reserved for historical reasons
+define('NET_SFTP_STRING',  2);
+/**
+ * Resumes an upload
+ */
+define('NET_SFTP_RESUME',  4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementations of SFTP.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Net_SFTP
+ */
+class Net_SFTP extends Net_SSH2 {
+    /**
+     * Packet Types
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::Net_SFTP()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_types = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Status Codes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::Net_SFTP()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $status_codes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * The Request ID
+     *
+     * The request ID exists in the off chance that a packet is sent out-of-order.  Of course, this library doesn't support
+     * concurrent actions, so it's somewhat academic, here.
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_send_sftp_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $request_id = false;
+
+    /**
+     * The Packet Type
+     *
+     * The request ID exists in the off chance that a packet is sent out-of-order.  Of course, this library doesn't support
+     * concurrent actions, so it's somewhat academic, here.
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_get_sftp_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_type = -1;
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Buffer
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_get_sftp_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_buffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Extensions supported by the server
+     *
+     * @var Array
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_initChannel()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $extensions = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Server SFTP version
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_initChannel()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $version;
+
+    /**
+     * Current working directory
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_realpath()
+     * @see Net_SFTP::chdir()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $pwd = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Type Log
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::getLog()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_type_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Log
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::getLog()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Error information
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::getSFTPErrors()
+     * @see Net_SFTP::getLastSFTPError()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $sftp_errors = array();
+
+    /**
+     * File Type
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_parseLongname()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $fileType = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Directory Cache
+     *
+     * Rather than always having to open a directory and close it immediately there after to see if a file is a directory or
+     * rather than always 
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_save_dir()
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_remove_dir()
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_is_dir()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $dirs = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Connects to an SFTP server
+     *
+     * @param String $host
+     * @param optional Integer $port
+     * @param optional Integer $timeout
+     * @return Net_SFTP
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Net_SFTP($host, $port = 22, $timeout = 10)
+    {
+        parent::Net_SSH2($host, $port, $timeout);
+        $this->packet_types = array(
+            1  => 'NET_SFTP_INIT',
+            2  => 'NET_SFTP_VERSION',
+            /* the format of SSH_FXP_OPEN changed between SFTPv4 and SFTPv5+:
+                   SFTPv5+: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.1.1
+               pre-SFTPv5 : http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-6.3 */
+            3  => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN',
+            4  => 'NET_SFTP_CLOSE',
+            5  => 'NET_SFTP_READ',
+            6  => 'NET_SFTP_WRITE',
+            7  => 'NET_SFTP_LSTAT',
+            9  => 'NET_SFTP_SETSTAT',
+            11 => 'NET_SFTP_OPENDIR',
+            12 => 'NET_SFTP_READDIR',
+            13 => 'NET_SFTP_REMOVE',
+            14 => 'NET_SFTP_MKDIR',
+            15 => 'NET_SFTP_RMDIR',
+            16 => 'NET_SFTP_REALPATH',
+            17 => 'NET_SFTP_STAT',
+            /* the format of SSH_FXP_RENAME changed between SFTPv4 and SFTPv5+:
+                   SFTPv5+: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.3
+               pre-SFTPv5 : http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-6.5 */
+            18 => 'NET_SFTP_RENAME',
+
+            101=> 'NET_SFTP_STATUS',
+            102=> 'NET_SFTP_HANDLE',
+            /* the format of SSH_FXP_NAME changed between SFTPv3 and SFTPv4+:
+                   SFTPv4+: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-9.4
+               pre-SFTPv4 : http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-02#section-7 */
+            103=> 'NET_SFTP_DATA',
+            104=> 'NET_SFTP_NAME',
+            105=> 'NET_SFTP_ATTRS',
+
+            200=> 'NET_SFTP_EXTENDED'
+        );
+        $this->status_codes = array(
+            0 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK',
+            1 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_EOF',
+            2 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_SUCH_FILE',
+            3 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_PERMISSION_DENIED',
+            4 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_FAILURE',
+            5 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_BAD_MESSAGE',
+            6 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_NO_CONNECTION',
+            7 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_CONNECTION_LOST',
+            8 => 'NET_SFTP_STATUS_OP_UNSUPPORTED'
+        );
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-7.1
+        // the order, in this case, matters quite a lot - see Net_SFTP::_parseAttributes() to understand why
+        $this->attributes = array(
+            0x00000001 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_SIZE',
+            0x00000002 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_UIDGID', // defined in SFTPv3, removed in SFTPv4+
+            0x00000004 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS',
+            0x00000008 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_ACCESSTIME',
+            // 0x80000000 will yield a floating point on 32-bit systems and converting floating points to integers
+            // yields inconsistent behavior depending on how php is compiled.  so we left shift -1 (which, in 
+            // two's compliment, consists of all 1 bits) by 31.  on 64-bit systems this'll yield 0xFFFFFFFF80000000.
+            // that's not a problem, however, and 'anded' and a 32-bit number, as all the leading 1 bits are ignored.
+              -1 << 31 => 'NET_SFTP_ATTR_EXTENDED'
+        );
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-6.3
+        // the flag definitions change somewhat in SFTPv5+.  if SFTPv5+ support is added to this library, maybe name
+        // the array for that $this->open5_flags and similarily alter the constant names.
+        $this->open_flags = array(
+            0x00000001 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_READ',
+            0x00000002 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_WRITE',
+            0x00000004 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND',
+            0x00000008 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_CREATE',
+            0x00000010 => 'NET_SFTP_OPEN_TRUNCATE'
+        );
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-5.2
+        // see Net_SFTP::_parseLongname() for an explanation
+        $this->file_types = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR',
+            2 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY',
+            3 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK',
+            4 => 'NET_SFTP_TYPE_SPECIAL'
+        );
+        $this->_define_array(
+            $this->packet_types,
+            $this->status_codes,
+            $this->attributes,
+            $this->open_flags,
+            $this->file_types
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login
+     *
+     * @param String $username
+     * @param optional String $password
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function login($username, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!parent::login($username, $password)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->window_size_client_to_server[NET_SFTP_CHANNEL] = $this->window_size;
+
+        $packet = pack('CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN, strlen('session'), 'session', NET_SFTP_CHANNEL, $this->window_size, 0x4000);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SFTP_CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SFTP_CHANNEL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('CNNa*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST, $this->server_channels[NET_SFTP_CHANNEL], strlen('subsystem'), 'subsystem', 1, strlen('sftp'), 'sftp');
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SFTP_CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SFTP_CHANNEL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SFTP_CHANNEL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_INIT, "\0\0\0\3")) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_VERSION) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_VERSION');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nversion', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        $this->version = $version;
+        while (!empty($response)) {
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            $key = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            $value = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+            $this->extensions[$key] = $value;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         SFTPv4+ defines a 'newline' extension.  SFTPv3 seems to have unofficial support for it via 'newline@vandyke.com',
+         however, I'm not sure what 'newline@vandyke.com' is supposed to do (the fact that it's unofficial means that it's
+         not in the official SFTPv3 specs) and 'newline@vandyke.com' / 'newline' are likely not drop-in substitutes for
+         one another due to the fact that 'newline' comes with a SSH_FXF_TEXT bitmask whereas it seems unlikely that
+         'newline@vandyke.com' would.
+        */
+        /*
+        if (isset($this->extensions['newline@vandyke.com'])) {
+            $this->extensions['newline'] = $this->extensions['newline@vandyke.com'];
+            unset($this->extensions['newline@vandyke.com']);
+        }
+        */
+
+        $this->request_id = 1;
+
+        /*
+         A Note on SFTPv4/5/6 support:
+         <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-5.1> states the following:
+
+         "If the client wishes to interoperate with servers that support noncontiguous version
+          numbers it SHOULD send '3'"
+
+         Given that the server only sends its version number after the client has already done so, the above
+         seems to be suggesting that v3 should be the default version.  This makes sense given that v3 is the
+         most popular.
+
+         <http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-5.5> states the following;
+
+         "If the server did not send the "versions" extension, or the version-from-list was not included, the
+          server MAY send a status response describing the failure, but MUST then close the channel without
+          processing any further requests."
+
+         So what do you do if you have a client whose initial SSH_FXP_INIT packet says it implements v3 and
+         a server whose initial SSH_FXP_VERSION reply says it implements v4 and only v4?  If it only implements
+         v4, the "versions" extension is likely not going to have been sent so version re-negotiation as discussed
+         in draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 would be quite impossible.  As such, what Net_SFTP would do is close the
+         channel and reopen it with a new and updated SSH_FXP_INIT packet.
+        */
+        switch ($this->version) {
+            case 2:
+            case 3:
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->pwd = $this->_realpath('.', false);
+
+        $this->_save_dir($this->pwd);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the current directory name
+     *
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function pwd()
+    {
+        return $this->pwd;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs errors
+     *
+     * @param String $response
+     * @param optional Integer $status
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function _logError($response, $status = -1) {
+        if ($status == -1) {
+            extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        }
+
+        $error = $this->status_codes[$status];
+
+        if ($this->version > 2) {
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            $this->sftp_errors[] = $error . ': ' . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+        } else {
+            $this->sftp_errors[] = $error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Canonicalize the Server-Side Path Name
+     *
+     * SFTP doesn't provide a mechanism by which the current working directory can be changed, so we'll emulate it.  Returns
+     * the absolute (canonicalized) path.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::chdir()
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _realpath($dir, $check_dir = true)
+    {
+        if ($check_dir && $this->_is_dir($dir)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        /*
+        "This protocol represents file names as strings.  File names are
+         assumed to use the slash ('/') character as a directory separator.
+
+         File names starting with a slash are "absolute", and are relative to
+         the root of the file system.  Names starting with any other character
+         are relative to the user's default directory (home directory).  Note
+         that identifying the user is assumed to take place outside of this
+         protocol."
+
+         -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-6
+        */
+        $file = '';
+        if ($this->pwd !== false) {
+            // if the SFTP server returned the canonicalized path even for non-existant files this wouldn't be necessary
+            // on OpenSSH it isn't necessary but on other SFTP servers it is.  that and since the specs say nothing on
+            // the subject, we'll go ahead and work around it with the following.
+            if (empty($dir) || $dir[strlen($dir) - 1] != '/') {
+                $file = basename($dir);
+                $dir = dirname($dir);
+            }
+
+            $dir = $dir[0] == '/' ? '/' . rtrim(substr($dir, 1), '/') : rtrim($dir, '/');
+
+            if ($dir == '.' || $dir == $this->pwd) {
+                $temp = $this->pwd;
+                if (!empty($file)) {
+                    $temp.= '/' . $file;
+                }
+                return $temp;
+            }
+
+            if ($dir[0] != '/') {
+                $dir = $this->pwd . '/' . $dir;
+            }
+            // on the surface it seems like maybe resolving a path beginning with / is unnecessary, but such paths
+            // can contain .'s and ..'s just like any other.  we could parse those out as appropriate or we can let
+            // the server do it.  we'll do the latter.
+        }
+
+        /*
+         that SSH_FXP_REALPATH returns SSH_FXP_NAME does not necessarily mean that anything actually exists at the
+         specified path.  generally speaking, no attributes are returned with this particular SSH_FXP_NAME packet
+         regardless of whether or not a file actually exists.  and in SFTPv3, the longname field and the filename
+         field match for this particular SSH_FXP_NAME packet.  for other SSH_FXP_NAME packets, this will likely
+         not be the case, but for this one, it is.
+        */
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.9
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_REALPATH, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_NAME:
+                // although SSH_FXP_NAME is implemented differently in SFTPv3 than it is in SFTPv4+, the following
+                // should work on all SFTP versions since the only part of the SSH_FXP_NAME packet the following looks
+                // at is the first part and that part is defined the same in SFTP versions 3 through 6.
+                $this->_string_shift($response, 4); // skip over the count - it should be 1, anyway
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $realpath = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                // the following is SFTPv3 only code.  see Net_SFTP::_parseLongname() for more information.
+                // per the above comment, this is a shot in the dark that, on most servers, won't help us in determining
+                // the file type for Net_SFTP::stat() and Net_SFTP::lstat() but it's worth a shot.
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->fileType = $this->_parseLongname($this->_string_shift($response, $length));
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_NAME or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        // if $this->pwd isn't set than the only thing $realpath could be is for '.', which is pretty much guaranteed to
+        // be a bonafide directory
+        if (!empty($file)) {
+            $realpath.= '/' . $file;
+        }
+
+        return $realpath;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Changes the current directory
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function chdir($dir)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($dir[strlen($dir) - 1] != '/') {
+            $dir.= '/';
+        }
+
+        // confirm that $dir is, in fact, a valid directory
+        if ($this->_is_dir($dir)) {
+            $this->pwd = $dir;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir, false);
+
+        if ($this->_is_dir($dir)) {
+            $this->pwd = $dir;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPENDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // see Net_SFTP::nlist() for a more thorough explanation of the following
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_CLOSE, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_save_dir($dir);
+
+        $this->pwd = $dir;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a list of files in the given directory
+     *
+     * @param optional String $dir
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function nlist($dir = '.')
+    {
+        return $this->_list($dir, false);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a detailed list of files in the given directory
+     *
+     * @param optional String $dir
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function rawlist($dir = '.')
+    {
+        return $this->_list($dir, true);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads a list, be it detailed or not, of files in the given directory
+     *
+     * $realpath exists because, in the case of the recursive deletes and recursive chmod's $realpath has already
+     * been calculated.
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw
+     * @param optional Boolean $realpath
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _list($dir, $raw = true, $realpath = true)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir . '/');
+        if ($dir === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.1.2
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPENDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-9.2
+                // since 'handle' is the last field in the SSH_FXP_HANDLE packet, we'll just remove the first four bytes that
+                // represent the length of the string and leave it at that
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_save_dir($dir);
+
+        $contents = array();
+        while (true) {
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.2.2
+            // why multiple SSH_FXP_READDIR packets would be sent when the response to a single one can span arbitrarily many
+            // SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA messages is not known to me.
+            if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_READDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+            switch ($this->packet_type) {
+                case NET_SFTP_NAME:
+                    extract(unpack('Ncount', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $shortname = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $longname = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        $attributes = $this->_parseAttributes($response); // we also don't care about the attributes
+                        if (!$raw) {
+                            $contents[] = $shortname;
+                        } else {
+                            $contents[$shortname] = $attributes;
+                            $fileType = $this->_parseLongname($longname);
+                            if ($fileType) {
+                                if ($fileType == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY && ($shortname != '.' && $shortname != '..')) {
+                                    $this->_save_dir($dir . '/' . $shortname);
+                                }
+                                $contents[$shortname]['type'] = $fileType;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        // SFTPv6 has an optional boolean end-of-list field, but we'll ignore that, since the
+                        // final SSH_FXP_STATUS packet should tell us that, already.
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                    extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_EOF) {
+                        $this->_logError($response, $status);
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    break 2;
+                default:
+                    user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_NAME or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_CLOSE, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // "The client MUST release all resources associated with the handle regardless of the status."
+        //  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.1.3
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $contents;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the file size, in bytes, or false, on failure
+     *
+     * Files larger than 4GB will show up as being exactly 4GB.
+     *
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function size($filename)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_size($filename);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Save directories to cache
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _save_dir($dir)
+    {
+        // preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir) == str_replace('//', '/', trim($dir, '/'))
+        $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir));
+
+        $temp = &$this->dirs;
+        foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
+            if (!isset($temp[$dir])) {
+                $temp[$dir] = array();
+            }
+            $temp = &$temp[$dir];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Remove directories from cache
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _remove_dir($dir)
+    {
+        $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir));
+
+        $temp = &$this->dirs;
+        foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
+            if ($dir == end($dirs)) {
+                unset($temp[$dir]);
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (!isset($temp[$dir])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $temp = &$temp[$dir];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks cache for directory
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _is_dir($dir)
+    {
+        $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir));
+
+        $temp = &$this->dirs;
+        foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
+            if (!isset($temp[$dir])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $temp = &$temp[$dir];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns general information about a file.
+     *
+     * Returns an array on success and false otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function stat($filename)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $stat = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_STAT);
+        if ($stat === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $pwd = $this->pwd;
+        $stat['type'] = $this->chdir($filename) ?
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY :
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+        $this->pwd = $pwd;
+
+        return $stat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns general information about a file or symbolic link.
+     *
+     * Returns an array on success and false otherwise.
+     *
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function lstat($filename)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $lstat = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_LSTAT);
+        $stat = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_STAT);
+        if ($stat === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($lstat != $stat) {
+            return array_merge($lstat, array('type' => NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK));
+        }
+
+        $pwd = $this->pwd;
+        $lstat['type'] = $this->chdir($filename) ?
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY :
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+        $this->pwd = $pwd;
+
+        return $lstat;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns general information about a file or symbolic link
+     *
+     * Determines information without calling Net_SFTP::_realpath().
+     * The second parameter can be either NET_SFTP_STAT or NET_SFTP_LSTAT.
+     *
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @param Integer $type
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _stat($filename, $type)
+    {
+        // SFTPv4+ adds an additional 32-bit integer field - flags - to the following:
+        $packet = pack('Na*', strlen($filename), $filename);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet($type, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_ATTRS:
+                $attributes = $this->_parseAttributes($response);
+                if ($this->fileType) {
+                    $attributes['type'] = $this->fileType;
+                }
+                return $attributes;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_ATTRS or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attempt to identify the file type
+     *
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Array $stat
+     * @param Array $lstat
+     * @return Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _identify_type($path, $stat1, $stat2)
+    {
+        $stat1 = $this->_stat($path, $stat1);
+        $stat2 = $this->_stat($path, $stat2);
+
+        if ($stat1 != $stat2) {
+            return array_merge($stat1, array('type' => NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK));
+        }
+
+        $pwd = $this->pwd;
+        $stat1['type'] = $this->chdir($path) ?
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY :
+            NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+        $this->pwd = $pwd;
+
+        return $stat1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the file size, in bytes, or false, on failure
+     *
+     * Determines the size without calling Net_SFTP::_realpath()
+     *
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _size($filename)
+    {
+        $result = $this->_stat($filename, NET_SFTP_LSTAT);
+        if ($result === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return isset($result['size']) ? $result['size'] : -1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set permissions on a file.
+     *
+     * Returns the new file permissions on success or FALSE on error.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function chmod($mode, $filename, $recursive = false)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $filename = $this->_realpath($filename);
+        if ($filename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($recursive) {
+            $i = 0;
+            $result = $this->_chmod_recursive($mode, $filename, $i);
+            $this->_read_put_responses($i);
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        // SFTPv4+ has an additional byte field - type - that would need to be sent, as well. setting it to
+        // SSH_FILEXFER_TYPE_UNKNOWN might work. if not, we'd have to do an SSH_FXP_STAT before doing an SSH_FXP_SETSTAT.
+        $attr = pack('N2', NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS, $mode & 07777);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SETSTAT, pack('Na*a*', strlen($filename), $filename, $attr))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        /*
+         "Because some systems must use separate system calls to set various attributes, it is possible that a failure 
+          response will be returned, but yet some of the attributes may be have been successfully modified.  If possible,
+          servers SHOULD avoid this situation; however, clients MUST be aware that this is possible."
+
+          -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.6
+        */
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+        }
+
+        // rather than return what the permissions *should* be, we'll return what they actually are.  this will also
+        // tell us if the file actually exists.
+        // incidentally, SFTPv4+ adds an additional 32-bit integer field - flags - to the following:
+        $packet = pack('Na*', strlen($filename), $filename);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_STAT, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_ATTRS:
+                $attrs = $this->_parseAttributes($response);
+                return $attrs['permissions'];
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_ATTRS or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively chmods directories on the SFTP server
+     *
+     * Minimizes directory lookups and SSH_FXP_STATUS requests for speed.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @param String $filename
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _chmod_recursive($mode, $path, &$i)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $entries = $this->_list($path, true, false);
+
+        if ($entries === false) {
+            return $this->chmod($mode, $path);
+        }
+
+        // normally $entries would have at least . and .. but it might not if the directories
+        // permissions didn't allow reading
+        if (empty($entries)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($entries as $filename=>$props) {
+            if ($filename == '.' || $filename == '..') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!isset($props['type'])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $temp = $path . '/' . $filename;
+            if ($props['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+                if (!$this->_chmod_recursive($mode, $temp, $i)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                $attr = pack('N2', NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS, $mode & 07777);
+                if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SETSTAT, pack('Na*a*', strlen($temp), $temp, $attr))) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $i++;
+
+                if ($i >= 50) {
+                    if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $i = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        $attr = pack('N2', NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS, $mode & 07777);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_SETSTAT, pack('Na*a*', strlen($path), $path, $attr))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $i++;
+
+        if ($i >= 50) {
+            if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $i = 0;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a directory.
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function mkdir($dir)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($dir[0] != '/') {
+            $dir = $this->_realpath(rtrim($dir, '/'));
+            if ($dir === false) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (!$this->_mkdir_helper($dir)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $dirs = explode('/', preg_replace('#^/|/(?=/)|/$#', '', $dir));
+            $temp = '';
+            foreach ($dirs as $dir) {
+                $temp.= '/' . $dir;
+                $result = $this->_mkdir_helper($temp);
+            }
+            if (!$result) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for directory creation
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _mkdir_helper($dir)
+    {
+        // by not providing any permissions, hopefully the server will use the logged in users umask - their 
+        // default permissions.
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_MKDIR, pack('Na*N', strlen($dir), $dir, 0))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_save_dir($dir);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes a directory.
+     *
+     * @param String $dir
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function rmdir($dir)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $dir = $this->_realpath($dir);
+        if ($dir === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_RMDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($dir), $dir))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED?
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->_remove_dir($dir);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uploads a file to the SFTP server.
+     *
+     * By default, Net_SFTP::put() does not read from the local filesystem.  $data is dumped directly into $remote_file.
+     * So, for example, if you set $data to 'filename.ext' and then do Net_SFTP::get(), you will get a file, twelve bytes
+     * long, containing 'filename.ext' as its contents.
+     *
+     * Setting $mode to NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE will change the above behavior.  With NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE, $remote_file will 
+     * contain as many bytes as filename.ext does on your local filesystem.  If your filename.ext is 1MB then that is how
+     * large $remote_file will be, as well.
+     *
+     * Currently, only binary mode is supported.  As such, if the line endings need to be adjusted, you will need to take
+     * care of that, yourself.
+     *
+     * @param String $remote_file
+     * @param String $data
+     * @param optional Integer $mode
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     * @internal ASCII mode for SFTPv4/5/6 can be supported by adding a new function - Net_SFTP::setMode().
+     */
+    function put($remote_file, $data, $mode = NET_SFTP_STRING)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $remote_file = $this->_realpath($remote_file);
+        if ($remote_file === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $flags = NET_SFTP_OPEN_WRITE | NET_SFTP_OPEN_CREATE;
+        // according to the SFTP specs, NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND should "force all writes to append data at the end of the file."
+        // in practice, it doesn't seem to do that.
+        //$flags|= ($mode & NET_SFTP_RESUME) ? NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND : NET_SFTP_OPEN_TRUNCATE;
+
+        // if NET_SFTP_OPEN_APPEND worked as it should the following (up until the -----------) wouldn't be necessary
+        $offset = 0;
+        if ($mode & NET_SFTP_RESUME) {
+            $size = $this->_size($remote_file);
+            $offset = $size !== false ? $size : 0;
+        } else {
+            $flags|= NET_SFTP_OPEN_TRUNCATE;
+        }
+        // --------------
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*N2', strlen($remote_file), $remote_file, $flags, 0);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        $initialize = true;
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.2.3
+        if ($mode & NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE) {
+            if (!is_file($data)) {
+                user_error("$data is not a valid file");
+                return false;
+            }
+            $fp = @fopen($data, 'rb');
+            if (!$fp) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $size = filesize($data);
+        } else {
+            $size = strlen($data);
+        }
+
+        $sent = 0;
+        $size = $size < 0 ? ($size & 0x7FFFFFFF) + 0x80000000 : $size;
+
+        $sftp_packet_size = 4096; // PuTTY uses 4096
+        $i = 0;
+        while ($sent < $size) {
+            $temp = $mode & NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE ? fread($fp, $sftp_packet_size) : $this->_string_shift($data, $sftp_packet_size);
+            $packet = pack('Na*N3a*', strlen($handle), $handle, 0, $offset + $sent, strlen($temp), $temp);
+            if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_WRITE, $packet)) {
+                fclose($fp);
+                return false;
+            }
+            $sent+= strlen($temp);
+
+            $i++;
+
+            if ($i == 50) {
+                if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                    $i = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+                $i = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($mode & NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE) {
+            fclose($fp);
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_CLOSE, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads multiple successive SSH_FXP_WRITE responses
+     *
+     * Sending an SSH_FXP_WRITE packet and immediately reading its response isn't as efficient as blindly sending out $i
+     * SSH_FXP_WRITEs, in succession, and then reading $i responses.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $i
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _read_put_responses($i)
+    {
+        while ($i--) {
+            $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+            if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+            if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+                $this->_logError($response, $status);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $i < 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Downloads a file from the SFTP server.
+     *
+     * Returns a string containing the contents of $remote_file if $local_file is left undefined or a boolean false if
+     * the operation was unsuccessful.  If $local_file is defined, returns true or false depending on the success of the
+     * operation
+     *
+     * @param String $remote_file
+     * @param optional String $local_file
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function get($remote_file, $local_file = false, $offset = 0, $length = -1)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $remote_file = $this->_realpath($remote_file);
+        if ($remote_file === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*N2', strlen($remote_file), $remote_file, NET_SFTP_OPEN_READ, 0);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_OPEN, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        switch ($this->packet_type) {
+            case NET_SFTP_HANDLE:
+                $handle = substr($response, 4);
+                break;
+            case NET_SFTP_STATUS: // presumably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+                $this->_logError($response);
+                return false;
+            default:
+                user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_HANDLE or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($local_file !== false) {
+            $fp = fopen($local_file, 'wb');
+            if (!$fp) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            $content = '';
+        }
+
+        $size = (1 << 20) < $length || $length < 0 ? 1 << 20 : $length;
+        $start = $offset;
+        while (true) {
+            $packet = pack('Na*N3', strlen($handle), $handle, 0, $offset, $size);
+            if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_READ, $packet)) {
+                if ($local_file !== false) {
+                    fclose($fp);
+                }
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+            switch ($this->packet_type) {
+                case NET_SFTP_DATA:
+                    $temp = substr($response, 4);
+                    $offset+= strlen($temp);
+                    if ($local_file === false) {
+                        $content.= $temp;
+                    } else {
+                        fputs($fp, $temp);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_STATUS:
+                    $this->_logError($response);
+                    break 2;
+                default:
+                    user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_DATA or SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+                    if ($local_file !== false) {
+                        fclose($fp);
+                    }
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            if ($length > 0 && $length <= $offset - $size) {
+                if ($local_file === false) {
+                    $content = substr($content, 0, $length);
+                } else {
+                    ftruncate($fp, $length);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if ($local_file !== false) {
+            fclose($fp);
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_CLOSE, pack('Na*', strlen($handle), $handle))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (isset($content)) {
+            return $content;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Deletes a file on the SFTP server.
+     *
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Boolean $recursive
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function delete($path, $recursive = true)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $path = $this->_realpath($path);
+        if ($path === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.3
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_REMOVE, pack('Na*', strlen($path), $path))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if $status isn't SSH_FX_OK it's probably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            if (!$recursive) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $i = 0;
+            $result = $this->_delete_recursive($path, $i);
+            $this->_read_put_responses($i);
+            return $result;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively deletes directories on the SFTP server
+     *
+     * Minimizes directory lookups and SSH_FXP_STATUS requests for speed.
+     *
+     * @param String $path
+     * @param Integer $i
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _delete_recursive($path, &$i)
+    {
+        if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $i = 0;
+        $entries = $this->_list($path, true, false);
+
+        // normally $entries would have at least . and .. but it might not if the directories
+        // permissions didn't allow reading
+        if (empty($entries)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($entries as $filename=>$props) {
+            if ($filename == '.' || $filename == '..') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (!isset($props['type'])) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $temp = $path . '/' . $filename;
+            if ($props['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) {
+                if (!$this->_delete_recursive($temp, $i)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_REMOVE, pack('Na*', strlen($temp), $temp))) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $i++;
+
+                if ($i >= 50) {
+                    if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $i = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_RMDIR, pack('Na*', strlen($path), $path))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        $this->_remove_dir($path);
+
+        $i++;
+
+        if ($i >= 50) {
+            if (!$this->_read_put_responses($i)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $i = 0;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Renames a file or a directory on the SFTP server
+     *
+     * @param String $oldname
+     * @param String $newname
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function rename($oldname, $newname)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $oldname = $this->_realpath($oldname);
+        $newname = $this->_realpath($newname);
+        if ($oldname === false || $newname === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13#section-8.3
+        $packet = pack('Na*Na*', strlen($oldname), $oldname, strlen($newname), $newname);
+        if (!$this->_send_sftp_packet(NET_SFTP_RENAME, $packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_sftp_packet();
+        if ($this->packet_type != NET_SFTP_STATUS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_FXP_STATUS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if $status isn't SSH_FX_OK it's probably SSH_FX_NO_SUCH_FILE or SSH_FX_PERMISSION_DENIED
+        extract(unpack('Nstatus', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        if ($status != NET_SFTP_STATUS_OK) {
+            $this->_logError($response, $status);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse Attributes
+     *
+     * See '7.  File Attributes' of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 for more info.
+     *
+     * @param String $response
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parseAttributes(&$response)
+    {
+        $attr = array();
+        extract(unpack('Nflags', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+        // SFTPv4+ have a type field (a byte) that follows the above flag field
+        foreach ($this->attributes as $key => $value) {
+            switch ($flags & $key) {
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_SIZE: // 0x00000001
+                    // size is represented by a 64-bit integer, so we perhaps ought to be doing the following:
+                    // $attr['size'] = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response, 8), 256);
+                    // of course, you shouldn't be using Net_SFTP to transfer files that are in excess of 4GB
+                    // (0xFFFFFFFF bytes), anyway.  as such, we'll just represent all file sizes that are bigger than
+                    // 4GB as being 4GB.
+                    extract(unpack('Nupper/Nsize', $this->_string_shift($response, 8)));
+                    if ($upper) {
+                        $attr['size'] = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+                    } else {
+                        $attr['size'] = $size < 0 ? ($size & 0x7FFFFFFF) + 0x80000000 : $size;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_UIDGID: // 0x00000002 (SFTPv3 only)
+                    $attr+= unpack('Nuid/Ngid', $this->_string_shift($response, 8));
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_PERMISSIONS: // 0x00000004
+                    $attr+= unpack('Npermissions', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_ACCESSTIME: // 0x00000008
+                    $attr+= unpack('Natime/Nmtime', $this->_string_shift($response, 8));
+                    break;
+                case NET_SFTP_ATTR_EXTENDED: // 0x80000000
+                    extract(unpack('Ncount', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    for ($i = 0; $i < $count; $i++) {
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $key = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                        $attr[$key] = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    }
+            }
+        }
+        return $attr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Parse Longname
+     *
+     * SFTPv3 doesn't provide any easy way of identifying a file type.  You could try to open
+     * a file as a directory and see if an error is returned or you could try to parse the
+     * SFTPv3-specific longname field of the SSH_FXP_NAME packet.  That's what this function does.
+     * The result is returned using the
+     * {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-04#section-5.2 SFTPv4 type constants}.
+     *
+     * If the longname is in an unrecognized format bool(false) is returned.
+     *
+     * @param String $longname
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _parseLongname($longname)
+    {
+        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_file_types
+        // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filesystem_permissions#Notation_of_traditional_Unix_permissions
+        if (preg_match('#^[^/]([r-][w-][xstST-]){3}#', $longname)) {
+            switch ($longname[0]) {
+                case '-':
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR;
+                case 'd':
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY;
+                case 'l':
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SYMLINK;
+                default:
+                    return NET_SFTP_TYPE_SPECIAL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends SFTP Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. General Packet Format' of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 for more info.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $type
+     * @param String $data
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_get_sftp_packet()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_sftp_packet($type, $data)
+    {
+        $packet = $this->request_id !== false ?
+            pack('NCNa*', strlen($data) + 5, $type, $this->request_id, $data) :
+            pack('NCa*',  strlen($data) + 1, $type, $data);
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $result = $this->_send_channel_packet(NET_SFTP_CHANNEL, $packet);
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')) {
+            $packet_type = '-> ' . $this->packet_types[$type] . 
+                           ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == NET_SFTP_LOG_REALTIME) {
+                echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($data), array($packet_type)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                flush();
+                ob_flush();
+            } else {
+                $this->packet_type_log[] = $packet_type;
+                if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == NET_SFTP_LOG_COMPLEX) {
+                    $this->packet_log[] = $data;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Receives SFTP Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. General Packet Format' of draft-ietf-secsh-filexfer-13 for more info.
+     *
+     * Incidentally, the number of SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA messages has no bearing on the number of SFTP packets present.
+     * There can be one SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA messages containing two SFTP packets or there can be two SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA
+     * messages containing one SFTP packet.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SFTP::_send_sftp_packet()
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_sftp_packet()
+    {
+        $this->curTimeout = false;
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+
+        // SFTP packet length
+        while (strlen($this->packet_buffer) < 4) {
+            $temp = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SFTP_CHANNEL);
+            if (is_bool($temp)) {
+                $this->packet_type = false;
+                $this->packet_buffer = '';
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->packet_buffer.= $temp;
+        }
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer, 4)));
+        $tempLength = $length;
+        $tempLength-= strlen($this->packet_buffer);
+
+        // SFTP packet type and data payload
+        while ($tempLength > 0) {
+            $temp = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SFTP_CHANNEL);
+            if (is_bool($temp)) {
+                $this->packet_type = false;
+                $this->packet_buffer = '';
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->packet_buffer.= $temp;
+            $tempLength-= strlen($temp);
+        }
+
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        $this->packet_type = ord($this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer));
+
+        if ($this->request_id !== false) {
+            $this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer, 4); // remove the request id
+            $length-= 5; // account for the request id and the packet type
+        } else {
+            $length-= 1; // account for the packet type
+        }
+
+        $packet = $this->_string_shift($this->packet_buffer, $length);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')) {
+            $packet_type = '<- ' . $this->packet_types[$this->packet_type] . 
+                           ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == NET_SFTP_LOG_REALTIME) {
+                echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($packet), array($packet_type)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                flush();
+                ob_flush();
+            } else {
+                $this->packet_type_log[] = $packet_type;
+                if (NET_SFTP_LOGGING == NET_SFTP_LOG_COMPLEX) {
+                    $this->packet_log[] = $packet;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $packet;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a log of the packets that have been sent and received.
+     *
+     * Returns a string if NET_SFTP_LOGGING == NET_SFTP_LOG_COMPLEX, an array if NET_SFTP_LOGGING == NET_SFTP_LOG_SIMPLE and false if !defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return String or Array
+     */
+    function getSFTPLog()
+    {
+        if (!defined('NET_SFTP_LOGGING')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SFTP_LOGGING) {
+            case NET_SFTP_LOG_COMPLEX:
+                return $this->_format_log($this->packet_log, $this->packet_type_log);
+                break;
+            //case NET_SFTP_LOG_SIMPLE:
+            default:
+                return $this->packet_type_log;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all errors
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSFTPErrors()
+    {
+        return $this->sftp_errors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the last error
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLastSFTPError()
+    {
+        return count($this->sftp_errors) ? $this->sftp_errors[count($this->sftp_errors) - 1] : '';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get supported SFTP versions
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSupportedVersions()
+    {
+        $temp = array('version' => $this->version);
+        if (isset($this->extensions['versions'])) {
+            $temp['extensions'] = $this->extensions['versions'];
+        }
+        return $temp;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @param Integer $reason
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _disconnect($reason)
+    {
+        $this->pwd = false;
+        parent::_disconnect($reason);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SSH1.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SSH1.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f5c79938e49f21d223fae387b72911107a3489f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SSH1.php
@@ -0,0 +1,1577 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv1.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Here's a short example of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Net/SSH1.php');
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new Net_SSH1('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('ls -la');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * Here's another short example:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Net/SSH1.php');
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new Net_SSH1('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ *    $ssh->write("ls -la\n");
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * More information on the SSHv1 specification can be found by reading 
+ * {@link http://www.snailbook.com/docs/protocol-1.5.txt protocol-1.5.txt}.
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Net
+ * @package    Net_SSH1
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: SSH1.php,v 1.15 2010/03/22 22:01:38 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Math_BigInteger
+ *
+ * Used to do RSA encryption.
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
+    require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Null
+ */
+//require_once('Crypt/Null.php');
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_DES
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_DES')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/DES.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_TripleDES
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_RC4
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_RC4')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/RC4.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Random
+ */
+// the class_exists() will only be called if the crypt_random_string function hasn't been defined and
+// will trigger a call to __autoload() if you're wanting to auto-load classes
+// call function_exists() a second time to stop the require_once from being called outside
+// of the auto loader
+if (!function_exists('crypt_random_string') && !class_exists('Crypt_Random') && !function_exists('crypt_random_string')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/Random.php');
+}
+
+/**#@+
+ * Encryption Methods
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH1::getSupportedCiphers()
+ * @access public
+ */
+/**
+ * No encryption
+ *
+ * Not supported.
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_NONE',       0);
+/**
+ * IDEA in CFB mode
+ *
+ * Not supported.
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_IDEA',       1);
+/**
+ * DES in CBC mode
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_DES',        2);
+/**
+ * Triple-DES in CBC mode
+ *
+ * All implementations are required to support this
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_3DES',       3);
+/**
+ * TRI's Simple Stream encryption CBC
+ *
+ * Not supported nor is it defined in the official SSH1 specs.  OpenSSH, however, does define it (see cipher.h),
+ * although it doesn't use it (see cipher.c)
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_BROKEN_TSS', 4);
+/**
+ * RC4
+ *
+ * Not supported.
+ *
+ * @internal According to the SSH1 specs:
+ *
+ *        "The first 16 bytes of the session key are used as the key for
+ *         the server to client direction.  The remaining 16 bytes are used
+ *         as the key for the client to server direction.  This gives
+ *         independent 128-bit keys for each direction."
+ *
+ *     This library currently only supports encryption when the same key is being used for both directions.  This is
+ *     because there's only one $crypto object.  Two could be added ($encrypt and $decrypt, perhaps).
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_RC4',        5);
+/**
+ * Blowfish
+ *
+ * Not supported nor is it defined in the official SSH1 specs.  OpenSSH, however, defines it (see cipher.h) and
+ * uses it (see cipher.c)
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_CIPHER_BLOWFISH',   6);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Authentication Methods
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH1::getSupportedAuthentications()
+ * @access public
+ */
+/**
+ * .rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_AUTH_RHOSTS',     1);
+/**
+ * pure RSA authentication
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_AUTH_RSA',        2);
+/**
+ * password authentication
+ *
+ * This is the only method that is supported by this library.
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_AUTH_PASSWORD',   3);
+/**
+ * .rhosts with RSA host authentication
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Terminal Modes
+ *
+ * @link http://3sp.com/content/developer/maverick-net/docs/Maverick.SSH.PseudoTerminalModesMembers.html
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_TTY_OP_END',  0);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * The Response Type
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH1::_get_binary_packet()
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE', 1);
+
+/**
+ * The Response Data
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH1::_get_binary_packet()
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA', 2);
+
+/**#@+
+ * Execution Bitmap Masks
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH1::bitmap
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR', 0x00000001);
+define('NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN',       0x00000002);
+define('NET_SSH1_MASK_SHELL',       0x00000004);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Net_SSH1::getLog()
+ */
+/**
+ * Returns the message numbers
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_LOG_SIMPLE',  1);
+/**
+ * Returns the message content
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_LOG_COMPLEX', 2);
+/**
+ * Outputs the content real-time
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME', 3);
+/**
+ * Dumps the content real-time to a file
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILE', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Net_SSH1::read()
+ */
+/**
+ * Returns when a string matching $expect exactly is found
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_READ_SIMPLE',  1);
+/**
+ * Returns when a string matching the regular expression $expect is found
+ */
+define('NET_SSH1_READ_REGEX', 2);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv1.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Net_SSH1
+ */
+class Net_SSH1 {
+    /**
+     * The SSH identifier
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $identifier = 'SSH-1.5-phpseclib';
+
+    /**
+     * The Socket Object
+     *
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $fsock;
+
+    /**
+     * The cryptography object
+     *
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $crypto = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Execution Bitmap
+     *
+     * The bits that are set represent functions that have been called already.  This is used to determine
+     * if a requisite function has been successfully executed.  If not, an error should be thrown.
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $bitmap = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * The Server Key Public Exponent
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getServerKeyPublicExponent()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_key_public_exponent;
+
+    /**
+     * The Server Key Public Modulus
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getServerKeyPublicModulus()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_key_public_modulus;
+
+    /**
+     * The Host Key Public Exponent
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getHostKeyPublicExponent()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $host_key_public_exponent;
+
+    /**
+     * The Host Key Public Modulus
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getHostKeyPublicModulus()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $host_key_public_modulus;
+
+    /**
+     * Supported Ciphers
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getSupportedCiphers()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $supported_ciphers = array(
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_NONE       => 'No encryption',
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_IDEA       => 'IDEA in CFB mode',
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_DES        => 'DES in CBC mode',
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_3DES       => 'Triple-DES in CBC mode',
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_BROKEN_TSS => 'TRI\'s Simple Stream encryption CBC',
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_RC4        => 'RC4',
+        NET_SSH1_CIPHER_BLOWFISH   => 'Blowfish'
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Supported Authentications
+     *
+     * Logged for debug purposes
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getSupportedAuthentications()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $supported_authentications = array(
+        NET_SSH1_AUTH_RHOSTS     => '.rhosts or /etc/hosts.equiv',
+        NET_SSH1_AUTH_RSA        => 'pure RSA authentication',
+        NET_SSH1_AUTH_PASSWORD   => 'password authentication',
+        NET_SSH1_AUTH_RHOSTS_RSA => '.rhosts with RSA host authentication'
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Server Identification
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getServerIdentification()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_identification = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol Flags
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::Net_SSH1()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $protocol_flags = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Protocol Flag Log
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getLog()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $protocol_flag_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Message Log
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::getLog()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file pointer
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_append_log()
+     * @var Resource
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_file;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file size
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_append_log()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file wrap boolean
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_append_log()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_wrap;
+
+    /**
+     * Interactive Buffer
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::read()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $interactiveBuffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Timeout
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::setTimeout()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $timeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Timeout
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $curTimeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Connects to an SSHv1 server
+     *
+     * @param String $host
+     * @param optional Integer $port
+     * @param optional Integer $timeout
+     * @param optional Integer $cipher
+     * @return Net_SSH1
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Net_SSH1($host, $port = 22, $timeout = 10, $cipher = NET_SSH1_CIPHER_3DES)
+    {
+        $this->protocol_flags = array(
+            1  => 'NET_SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT',
+            2  => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY',
+            3  => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY',
+            4  => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_USER',
+            9  => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD',
+            10 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY',
+            12 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL',
+            13 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD',
+            14 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS',
+            15 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE',
+            16 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA',
+            17 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_STDOUT_DATA',
+            18 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_STDERR_DATA',
+            19 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EOF',
+            20 => 'NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS',
+            33 => 'NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION'
+        );
+
+        $this->_define_array($this->protocol_flags);
+
+        $this->fsock = @fsockopen($host, $port, $errno, $errstr, $timeout);
+        if (!$this->fsock) {
+            user_error(rtrim("Cannot connect to $host. Error $errno. $errstr"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->server_identification = $init_line = fgets($this->fsock, 255);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            $this->_append_log('<-', $this->server_identification);
+            $this->_append_log('->', $this->identifier . "\r\n");
+        }
+
+        if (!preg_match('#SSH-([0-9\.]+)-(.+)#', $init_line, $parts)) {
+            user_error('Can only connect to SSH servers');
+            return;
+        }
+        if ($parts[1][0] != 1) {
+            user_error("Cannot connect to SSH $parts[1] servers");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        fputs($this->fsock, $this->identifier."\r\n");
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_SMSG_PUBLIC_KEY');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $anti_spoofing_cookie = $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 8);
+
+        $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $server_key_public_exponent = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->server_key_public_exponent = $server_key_public_exponent;
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $server_key_public_modulus = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->server_key_public_modulus = $server_key_public_modulus;
+
+        $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $host_key_public_exponent = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->host_key_public_exponent = $host_key_public_exponent;
+
+        $temp = unpack('nlen', $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 2));
+        $host_key_public_modulus = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], ceil($temp['len'] / 8)), 256);
+        $this->host_key_public_modulus = $host_key_public_modulus;
+
+        $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+
+        // get a list of the supported ciphers
+        extract(unpack('Nsupported_ciphers_mask', $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4)));
+        foreach ($this->supported_ciphers as $mask=>$name) {
+            if (($supported_ciphers_mask & (1 << $mask)) == 0) {
+                unset($this->supported_ciphers[$mask]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get a list of the supported authentications
+        extract(unpack('Nsupported_authentications_mask', $this->_string_shift($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4)));
+        foreach ($this->supported_authentications as $mask=>$name) {
+            if (($supported_authentications_mask & (1 << $mask)) == 0) {
+                unset($this->supported_authentications[$mask]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $session_id = pack('H*', md5($host_key_public_modulus->toBytes() . $server_key_public_modulus->toBytes() . $anti_spoofing_cookie));
+
+        $session_key = crypt_random_string(32);
+        $double_encrypted_session_key = $session_key ^ str_pad($session_id, 32, chr(0));
+
+        if ($server_key_public_modulus->compare($host_key_public_modulus) < 0) {
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $server_key_public_exponent,
+                    $server_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $host_key_public_exponent,
+                    $host_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+        } else {
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $host_key_public_exponent,
+                    $host_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+            $double_encrypted_session_key = $this->_rsa_crypt(
+                $double_encrypted_session_key,
+                array(
+                    $server_key_public_exponent,
+                    $server_key_public_modulus
+                )
+            );
+        }
+
+        $cipher = isset($this->supported_ciphers[$cipher]) ? $cipher : NET_SSH1_CIPHER_3DES;
+        $data = pack('C2a*na*N', NET_SSH1_CMSG_SESSION_KEY, $cipher, $anti_spoofing_cookie, 8 * strlen($double_encrypted_session_key), $double_encrypted_session_key, 0);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_SESSION_KEY');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch ($cipher) {
+            //case NET_SSH1_CIPHER_NONE:
+            //    $this->crypto = new Crypt_Null();
+            //    break;
+            case NET_SSH1_CIPHER_DES:
+                $this->crypto = new Crypt_DES();
+                $this->crypto->disablePadding();
+                $this->crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+                $this->crypto->setKey(substr($session_key, 0,  8));
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH1_CIPHER_3DES:
+                $this->crypto = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_3CBC);
+                $this->crypto->disablePadding();
+                $this->crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+                $this->crypto->setKey(substr($session_key, 0, 24));
+                break;
+            //case NET_SSH1_CIPHER_RC4:
+            //    $this->crypto = new Crypt_RC4();
+            //    $this->crypto->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            //    $this->crypto->setKey(substr($session_key, 0,  16));
+            //    break;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap = NET_SSH1_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login
+     *
+     * @param String $username
+     * @param optional String $password
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function login($username, $password = '')
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_USER, strlen($username), $username);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_USER');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] == NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN;
+            return true;
+        } else if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS or SSH_SMSG_FAILURE');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD, strlen($password), $password);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // remove the username and password from the last logged packet
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING') && NET_SSH1_LOGGING == NET_SSH1_LOG_COMPLEX) {
+            $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_AUTH_PASSWORD, strlen('password'), 'password');
+            $this->message_log[count($this->message_log) - 1] = $data;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] == NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN;
+            return true;
+        } else if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] == NET_SSH1_SMSG_FAILURE) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS or SSH_SMSG_FAILURE');
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Timeout
+     *
+     * $ssh->exec('ping 127.0.0.1'); on a Linux host will never return and will run indefinitely.  setTimeout() makes it so it'll timeout.
+     * Setting $timeout to false or 0 will mean there is no timeout.
+     *
+     * @param Mixed $timeout
+     */
+    function setTimeout($timeout)
+    {
+        $this->timeout = $this->curTimeout = $timeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Executes a command on a non-interactive shell, returns the output, and quits.
+     *
+     * An SSH1 server will close the connection after a command has been executed on a non-interactive shell.  SSH2
+     * servers don't, however, this isn't an SSH2 client.  The way this works, on the server, is by initiating a
+     * shell with the -s option, as discussed in the following links:
+     *
+     * {@link http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_65.html http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_65.html}
+     * {@link http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_62.html http://www.faqs.org/docs/bashman/bashref_62.html}
+     *
+     * To execute further commands, a new Net_SSH1 object will need to be created.
+     *
+     * Returns false on failure and the output, otherwise.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveRead()
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveWrite()
+     * @param String $cmd
+     * @return mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function exec($cmd, $block = true)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            user_error('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_CMD, strlen($cmd), $cmd);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_EXEC_CMD');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!$block) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $output = '';
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response !== false) {
+            do {
+                $output.= substr($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+                $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            } while (is_array($response) && $response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS);
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION);
+
+        // i don't think it's really all that important if this packet gets sent or not.
+        $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+
+        fclose($this->fsock);
+
+        // reset the execution bitmap - a new Net_SSH1 object needs to be created.
+        $this->bitmap = 0;
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an interactive shell
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveRead()
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveWrite()
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _initShell()
+    {
+        // connect using the sample parameters in protocol-1.5.txt.
+        // according to wikipedia.org's entry on text terminals, "the fundamental type of application running on a text
+        // terminal is a command line interpreter or shell".  thus, opening a terminal session to run the shell.
+        $data = pack('CNa*N4C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY, strlen('vt100'), 'vt100', 24, 80, 0, 0, NET_SSH1_TTY_OP_END);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_REQUEST_PTY');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === true) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE] != NET_SSH1_SMSG_SUCCESS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_SMSG_SUCCESS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_EXEC_SHELL');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH1_MASK_SHELL;
+
+        //stream_set_blocking($this->fsock, 0);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inputs a command into an interactive shell.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveWrite()
+     * @param String $cmd
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function write($cmd)
+    {
+        return $this->interactiveWrite($cmd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the output of an interactive shell when there's a match for $expect
+     *
+     * $expect can take the form of a string literal or, if $mode == NET_SSH1_READ_REGEX,
+     * a regular expression.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::write()
+     * @param String $expect
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function read($expect, $mode = NET_SSH1_READ_SIMPLE)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            user_error('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            user_error('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $match = $expect;
+        while (true) {
+            if ($mode == NET_SSH1_READ_REGEX) {
+                preg_match($expect, $this->interactiveBuffer, $matches);
+                $match = isset($matches[0]) ? $matches[0] : '';
+            }
+            $pos = strlen($match) ? strpos($this->interactiveBuffer, $match) : false;
+            if ($pos !== false) {
+                return $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, $pos + strlen($match));
+            }
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+            if ($response === true) {
+                return $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, strlen($this->interactiveBuffer));
+            }
+            $this->interactiveBuffer.= substr($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inputs a command into an interactive shell.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveRead()
+     * @param String $cmd
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function interactiveWrite($cmd)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            user_error('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            user_error('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_CMSG_STDIN_DATA, strlen($cmd), $cmd);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Error sending SSH_CMSG_STDIN');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the output of an interactive shell when no more output is available.
+     *
+     * Requires PHP 4.3.0 or later due to the use of the stream_select() function.  If you see stuff like
+     * "", you're seeing ANSI escape codes.  According to
+     * {@link http://support.microsoft.com/kb/101875 How to Enable ANSI.SYS in a Command Window}, "Windows NT
+     * does not support ANSI escape sequences in Win32 Console applications", so if you're a Windows user,
+     * there's not going to be much recourse.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveRead()
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function interactiveRead()
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            user_error('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH1_MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            user_error('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $read = array($this->fsock);
+        $write = $except = null;
+        if (stream_select($read, $write, $except, 0)) {
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            return substr($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA], 4);
+        } else {
+            return '';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disconnect()
+    {
+        $this->_disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, if you're supporting just PHP5.  If you're supporting PHP4, you'll need to call
+     * disconnect().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __destruct()
+    {
+        $this->_disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @param String $msg
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _disconnect($msg = 'Client Quit')
+    {
+        if ($this->bitmap) {
+            $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EOF);
+            $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+            /*
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === true) {
+                $response = array(NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE => -1);
+            }
+            switch ($response[NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE]) {
+                case NET_SSH1_SMSG_EXITSTATUS:
+                    $data = pack('C', NET_SSH1_CMSG_EXIT_CONFIRMATION);
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT, strlen($msg), $msg);
+            }
+            */
+            $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH1_MSG_DISCONNECT, strlen($msg), $msg);
+
+            $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+            fclose($this->fsock);
+            $this->bitmap = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets Binary Packets
+     *
+     * See 'The Binary Packet Protocol' of protocol-1.5.txt for more info.
+     *
+     * Also, this function could be improved upon by adding detection for the following exploit:
+     * http://www.securiteam.com/securitynews/5LP042K3FY.html
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @return Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_binary_packet()
+    {
+        if (feof($this->fsock)) {
+            //user_error('connection closed prematurely');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ($this->curTimeout) {
+            $read = array($this->fsock);
+            $write = $except = NULL;
+
+            $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+            $sec = floor($this->curTimeout);
+            $usec = 1000000 * ($this->curTimeout - $sec);
+            // on windows this returns a "Warning: Invalid CRT parameters detected" error
+            if (!@stream_select($read, $write, $except, $sec, $usec) && !count($read)) {
+                //$this->_disconnect('Timeout');
+                return true;
+            }
+            $elapsed = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('') - $start;
+            $this->curTimeout-= $elapsed;
+        }
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', fread($this->fsock, 4));
+
+        $padding_length = 8 - ($temp['length'] & 7);
+        $length = $temp['length'] + $padding_length;
+
+        while ($length > 0) {
+            $temp = fread($this->fsock, $length);
+            $raw.= $temp;
+            $length-= strlen($temp);
+        }
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (strlen($raw) && $this->crypto !== false) {
+            $raw = $this->crypto->decrypt($raw);
+        }
+
+        $padding = substr($raw, 0, $padding_length);
+        $type = $raw[$padding_length];
+        $data = substr($raw, $padding_length + 1, -4);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Ncrc', substr($raw, -4));
+
+        //if ( $temp['crc'] != $this->_crc($padding . $type . $data) ) {
+        //    user_error('Bad CRC in packet from server');
+        //    return false;
+        //}
+
+        $type = ord($type);
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            $temp = isset($this->protocol_flags[$type]) ? $this->protocol_flags[$type] : 'UNKNOWN';
+            $temp = '<- ' . $temp .
+                    ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($temp, $data);
+        }
+
+        return array(
+            NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_TYPE => $type,
+            NET_SSH1_RESPONSE_DATA => $data
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends Binary Packets
+     *
+     * Returns true on success, false on failure.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @param String $data
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_binary_packet($data)
+    {
+        if (feof($this->fsock)) {
+            //user_error('connection closed prematurely');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $length = strlen($data) + 4;
+
+        $padding = crypt_random_string(8 - ($length & 7));
+
+        $orig = $data;
+        $data = $padding . $data;
+        $data.= pack('N', $this->_crc($data));
+
+        if ($this->crypto !== false) {
+            $data = $this->crypto->encrypt($data);
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('Na*', $length, $data);
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $result = strlen($packet) == fputs($this->fsock, $packet);
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            $temp = isset($this->protocol_flags[ord($orig[0])]) ? $this->protocol_flags[ord($orig[0])] : 'UNKNOWN';
+            $temp = '-> ' . $temp .
+                    ' (' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($temp, $orig);
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)
+     *
+     * PHP's crc32 function is implemented slightly differently than the one that SSH v1 uses, so
+     * we've reimplemented it. A more detailed discussion of the differences can be found after
+     * $crc_lookup_table's initialization.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @see Net_SSH1::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @param String $data
+     * @return Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _crc($data)
+    {
+        static $crc_lookup_table = array(
+            0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xEE0E612C, 0x990951BA,
+            0x076DC419, 0x706AF48F, 0xE963A535, 0x9E6495A3,
+            0x0EDB8832, 0x79DCB8A4, 0xE0D5E91E, 0x97D2D988,
+            0x09B64C2B, 0x7EB17CBD, 0xE7B82D07, 0x90BF1D91,
+            0x1DB71064, 0x6AB020F2, 0xF3B97148, 0x84BE41DE,
+            0x1ADAD47D, 0x6DDDE4EB, 0xF4D4B551, 0x83D385C7,
+            0x136C9856, 0x646BA8C0, 0xFD62F97A, 0x8A65C9EC,
+            0x14015C4F, 0x63066CD9, 0xFA0F3D63, 0x8D080DF5,
+            0x3B6E20C8, 0x4C69105E, 0xD56041E4, 0xA2677172,
+            0x3C03E4D1, 0x4B04D447, 0xD20D85FD, 0xA50AB56B,
+            0x35B5A8FA, 0x42B2986C, 0xDBBBC9D6, 0xACBCF940,
+            0x32D86CE3, 0x45DF5C75, 0xDCD60DCF, 0xABD13D59,
+            0x26D930AC, 0x51DE003A, 0xC8D75180, 0xBFD06116,
+            0x21B4F4B5, 0x56B3C423, 0xCFBA9599, 0xB8BDA50F,
+            0x2802B89E, 0x5F058808, 0xC60CD9B2, 0xB10BE924,
+            0x2F6F7C87, 0x58684C11, 0xC1611DAB, 0xB6662D3D,
+            0x76DC4190, 0x01DB7106, 0x98D220BC, 0xEFD5102A,
+            0x71B18589, 0x06B6B51F, 0x9FBFE4A5, 0xE8B8D433,
+            0x7807C9A2, 0x0F00F934, 0x9609A88E, 0xE10E9818,
+            0x7F6A0DBB, 0x086D3D2D, 0x91646C97, 0xE6635C01,
+            0x6B6B51F4, 0x1C6C6162, 0x856530D8, 0xF262004E,
+            0x6C0695ED, 0x1B01A57B, 0x8208F4C1, 0xF50FC457,
+            0x65B0D9C6, 0x12B7E950, 0x8BBEB8EA, 0xFCB9887C,
+            0x62DD1DDF, 0x15DA2D49, 0x8CD37CF3, 0xFBD44C65,
+            0x4DB26158, 0x3AB551CE, 0xA3BC0074, 0xD4BB30E2,
+            0x4ADFA541, 0x3DD895D7, 0xA4D1C46D, 0xD3D6F4FB,
+            0x4369E96A, 0x346ED9FC, 0xAD678846, 0xDA60B8D0,
+            0x44042D73, 0x33031DE5, 0xAA0A4C5F, 0xDD0D7CC9,
+            0x5005713C, 0x270241AA, 0xBE0B1010, 0xC90C2086,
+            0x5768B525, 0x206F85B3, 0xB966D409, 0xCE61E49F,
+            0x5EDEF90E, 0x29D9C998, 0xB0D09822, 0xC7D7A8B4,
+            0x59B33D17, 0x2EB40D81, 0xB7BD5C3B, 0xC0BA6CAD,
+            0xEDB88320, 0x9ABFB3B6, 0x03B6E20C, 0x74B1D29A,
+            0xEAD54739, 0x9DD277AF, 0x04DB2615, 0x73DC1683,
+            0xE3630B12, 0x94643B84, 0x0D6D6A3E, 0x7A6A5AA8,
+            0xE40ECF0B, 0x9309FF9D, 0x0A00AE27, 0x7D079EB1,
+            0xF00F9344, 0x8708A3D2, 0x1E01F268, 0x6906C2FE,
+            0xF762575D, 0x806567CB, 0x196C3671, 0x6E6B06E7,
+            0xFED41B76, 0x89D32BE0, 0x10DA7A5A, 0x67DD4ACC,
+            0xF9B9DF6F, 0x8EBEEFF9, 0x17B7BE43, 0x60B08ED5,
+            0xD6D6A3E8, 0xA1D1937E, 0x38D8C2C4, 0x4FDFF252,
+            0xD1BB67F1, 0xA6BC5767, 0x3FB506DD, 0x48B2364B,
+            0xD80D2BDA, 0xAF0A1B4C, 0x36034AF6, 0x41047A60,
+            0xDF60EFC3, 0xA867DF55, 0x316E8EEF, 0x4669BE79,
+            0xCB61B38C, 0xBC66831A, 0x256FD2A0, 0x5268E236,
+            0xCC0C7795, 0xBB0B4703, 0x220216B9, 0x5505262F,
+            0xC5BA3BBE, 0xB2BD0B28, 0x2BB45A92, 0x5CB36A04,
+            0xC2D7FFA7, 0xB5D0CF31, 0x2CD99E8B, 0x5BDEAE1D,
+            0x9B64C2B0, 0xEC63F226, 0x756AA39C, 0x026D930A,
+            0x9C0906A9, 0xEB0E363F, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
+            0x95BF4A82, 0xE2B87A14, 0x7BB12BAE, 0x0CB61B38,
+            0x92D28E9B, 0xE5D5BE0D, 0x7CDCEFB7, 0x0BDBDF21,
+            0x86D3D2D4, 0xF1D4E242, 0x68DDB3F8, 0x1FDA836E,
+            0x81BE16CD, 0xF6B9265B, 0x6FB077E1, 0x18B74777,
+            0x88085AE6, 0xFF0F6A70, 0x66063BCA, 0x11010B5C,
+            0x8F659EFF, 0xF862AE69, 0x616BFFD3, 0x166CCF45,
+            0xA00AE278, 0xD70DD2EE, 0x4E048354, 0x3903B3C2,
+            0xA7672661, 0xD06016F7, 0x4969474D, 0x3E6E77DB,
+            0xAED16A4A, 0xD9D65ADC, 0x40DF0B66, 0x37D83BF0,
+            0xA9BCAE53, 0xDEBB9EC5, 0x47B2CF7F, 0x30B5FFE9,
+            0xBDBDF21C, 0xCABAC28A, 0x53B39330, 0x24B4A3A6,
+            0xBAD03605, 0xCDD70693, 0x54DE5729, 0x23D967BF,
+            0xB3667A2E, 0xC4614AB8, 0x5D681B02, 0x2A6F2B94,
+            0xB40BBE37, 0xC30C8EA1, 0x5A05DF1B, 0x2D02EF8D
+        );
+
+        // For this function to yield the same output as PHP's crc32 function, $crc would have to be
+        // set to 0xFFFFFFFF, initially - not 0x00000000 as it currently is.
+        $crc = 0x00000000;
+        $length = strlen($data);
+
+        for ($i=0;$i<$length;$i++) {
+            // We AND $crc >> 8 with 0x00FFFFFF because we want the eight newly added bits to all
+            // be zero.  PHP, unfortunately, doesn't always do this.  0x80000000 >> 8, as an example,
+            // yields 0xFF800000 - not 0x00800000.  The following link elaborates:
+            // http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.bitwise.php#57281
+            $crc = (($crc >> 8) & 0x00FFFFFF) ^ $crc_lookup_table[($crc & 0xFF) ^ ord($data[$i])];
+        }
+
+        // In addition to having to set $crc to 0xFFFFFFFF, initially, the return value must be XOR'd with
+        // 0xFFFFFFFF for this function to return the same thing that PHP's crc32 function would.
+        return $crc;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * RSA Encrypt
+     *
+     * Returns mod(pow($m, $e), $n), where $n should be the product of two (large) primes $p and $q and where $e
+     * should be a number with the property that gcd($e, ($p - 1) * ($q - 1)) == 1.  Could just make anything that
+     * calls this call modexp, instead, but I think this makes things clearer, maybe...
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::Net_SSH1()
+     * @param Math_BigInteger $m
+     * @param Array $key
+     * @return Math_BigInteger
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _rsa_crypt($m, $key)
+    {
+        /*
+        if (!class_exists('Crypt_RSA')) {
+            require_once('Crypt/RSA.php');
+        }
+
+        $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
+        $rsa->loadKey($key, CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW);
+        $rsa->setEncryptionMode(CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1);
+        return $rsa->encrypt($m);
+        */
+
+        // To quote from protocol-1.5.txt:
+        // The most significant byte (which is only partial as the value must be
+        // less than the public modulus, which is never a power of two) is zero.
+        //
+        // The next byte contains the value 2 (which stands for public-key
+        // encrypted data in the PKCS standard [PKCS#1]).  Then, there are non-
+        // zero random bytes to fill any unused space, a zero byte, and the data
+        // to be encrypted in the least significant bytes, the last byte of the
+        // data in the least significant byte.
+
+        // Presumably the part of PKCS#1 they're refering to is "Section 7.2.1 Encryption Operation",
+        // under "7.2 RSAES-PKCS1-v1.5" and "7 Encryption schemes" of the following URL:
+        // ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1.pdf
+        $modulus = $key[1]->toBytes();
+        $length = strlen($modulus) - strlen($m) - 3;
+        $random = '';
+        while (strlen($random) != $length) {
+            $block = crypt_random_string($length - strlen($random));
+            $block = str_replace("\x00", '', $block);
+            $random.= $block;
+        }
+        $temp = chr(0) . chr(2) . $random . chr(0) . $m;
+
+        $m = new Math_BigInteger($temp, 256);
+        $m = $m->modPow($key[0], $key[1]);
+
+        return $m->toBytes();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Define Array
+     *
+     * Takes any number of arrays whose indices are integers and whose values are strings and defines a bunch of
+     * named constants from it, using the value as the name of the constant and the index as the value of the constant.
+     * If any of the constants that would be defined already exists, none of the constants will be defined.
+     *
+     * @param Array $array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _define_array()
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        foreach ($args as $arg) {
+            foreach ($arg as $key=>$value) {
+                if (!defined($value)) {
+                    define($value, $key);
+                } else {
+                    break 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a log of the packets that have been sent and received.
+     *
+     * Returns a string if NET_SSH2_LOGGING == NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX, an array if NET_SSH2_LOGGING == NET_SSH2_LOG_SIMPLE and false if !defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return String or Array
+     */
+    function getLog()
+    {
+        if (!defined('NET_SSH1_LOGGING')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SSH1_LOGGING) {
+            case NET_SSH1_LOG_SIMPLE:
+                return $this->message_number_log;
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH1_LOG_COMPLEX:
+                return $this->_format_log($this->message_log, $this->protocol_flags_log);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats a log for printing
+     *
+     * @param Array $message_log
+     * @param Array $message_number_log
+     * @access private
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _format_log($message_log, $message_number_log)
+    {
+        static $boundary = ':', $long_width = 65, $short_width = 16;
+
+        $output = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($message_log); $i++) {
+            $output.= $message_number_log[$i] . "\r\n";
+            $current_log = $message_log[$i];
+            $j = 0;
+            do {
+                if (strlen($current_log)) {
+                    $output.= str_pad(dechex($j), 7, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . '0  ';
+                }
+                $fragment = $this->_string_shift($current_log, $short_width);
+                $hex = substr(
+                           preg_replace(
+                               '#(.)#es',
+                               '"' . $boundary . '" . str_pad(dechex(ord(substr("\\1", -1))), 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT)',
+                               $fragment),
+                           strlen($boundary)
+                       );
+                // replace non ASCII printable characters with dots
+                // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters
+                // also replace < with a . since < messes up the output on web browsers
+                $raw = preg_replace('#[^\x20-\x7E]|<#', '.', $fragment);
+                $output.= str_pad($hex, $long_width - $short_width, ' ') . $raw . "\r\n";
+                $j++;
+            } while (strlen($current_log));
+            $output.= "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server key public exponent
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw_output
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerKeyPublicExponent($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->server_key_public_exponent->toBytes() : $this->server_key_public_exponent->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server key public modulus
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw_output
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerKeyPublicModulus($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->server_key_public_modulus->toBytes() : $this->server_key_public_modulus->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the host key public exponent
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw_output
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getHostKeyPublicExponent($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->host_key_public_exponent->toBytes() : $this->host_key_public_exponent->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the host key public modulus
+     *
+     * Returns, by default, the base-10 representation.  If $raw_output is set to true, returns, instead,
+     * the raw bytes.  This behavior is similar to PHP's md5() function.
+     *
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw_output
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getHostKeyPublicModulus($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? $this->host_key_public_modulus->toBytes() : $this->host_key_public_modulus->toString();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of ciphers supported by SSH1 server.
+     *
+     * Just because a cipher is supported by an SSH1 server doesn't mean it's supported by this library. If $raw_output
+     * is set to true, returns, instead, an array of constants.  ie. instead of array('Triple-DES in CBC mode'), you'll
+     * get array(NET_SSH1_CIPHER_3DES).
+     *
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw_output
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSupportedCiphers($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? array_keys($this->supported_ciphers) : array_values($this->supported_ciphers);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of authentications supported by SSH1 server.
+     *
+     * Just because a cipher is supported by an SSH1 server doesn't mean it's supported by this library. If $raw_output
+     * is set to true, returns, instead, an array of constants.  ie. instead of array('password authentication'), you'll
+     * get array(NET_SSH1_AUTH_PASSWORD).
+     *
+     * @param optional Boolean $raw_output
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getSupportedAuthentications($raw_output = false)
+    {
+        return $raw_output ? array_keys($this->supported_authentications) : array_values($this->supported_authentications);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server identification.
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerIdentification()
+    {
+        return rtrim($this->server_identification);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs data packets
+     *
+     * Makes sure that only the last 1MB worth of packets will be logged
+     *
+     * @param String $data
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _append_log($protocol_flags, $message)
+    {
+            switch (NET_SSH1_LOGGING) {
+                // useful for benchmarks
+                case NET_SSH1_LOG_SIMPLE:
+                    $this->protocol_flags_log[] = $protocol_flags;
+                    break;
+                // the most useful log for SSH1
+                case NET_SSH1_LOG_COMPLEX:
+                    $this->protocol_flags_log[] = $protocol_flags;
+                    $this->_string_shift($message);
+                    $this->log_size+= strlen($message);
+                    $this->message_log[] = $message;
+                    while ($this->log_size > NET_SSH2_LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                        $this->log_size-= strlen(array_shift($this->message_log));
+                        array_shift($this->protocol_flags_log);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                // dump the output out realtime; packets may be interspersed with non packets,
+                // passwords won't be filtered out and select other packets may not be correctly
+                // identified
+                case NET_SSH1_LOG_REALTIME:
+                    echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($message), array($protocol_flags)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                    @flush();
+                    @ob_flush();
+                    break;
+                // basically the same thing as NET_SSH1_LOG_REALTIME with the caveat that NET_SSH1_LOG_REALTIME_FILE
+                // needs to be defined and that the resultant log file will be capped out at NET_SSH1_LOG_MAX_SIZE. 
+                // the earliest part of the log file is denoted by the first <<< START >>> and is not going to necessarily
+                // at the beginning of the file
+                case NET_SSH1_LOG_REALTIME_FILE:
+                    if (!isset($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                        // PHP doesn't seem to like using constants in fopen()
+                        $filename = NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILE;
+                        $fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
+                        $this->realtime_log_file = $fp;
+                    }
+                    if (!is_resource($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    $entry = $this->_format_log(array($message), array($protocol_flags));
+                    if ($this->realtime_log_wrap) {
+                        $temp = "<<< START >>>\r\n";
+                        $entry.= $temp;
+                        fseek($this->realtime_log_file, ftell($this->realtime_log_file) - strlen($temp));
+                    }
+                    $this->realtime_log_size+= strlen($entry);
+                    if ($this->realtime_log_size > NET_SSH1_LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                        fseek($this->realtime_log_file, 0);
+                        $this->realtime_log_size = strlen($entry);
+                        $this->realtime_log_wrap = true;
+                    }
+                    fputs($this->realtime_log_file, $entry);
+            }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SSH2.php b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SSH2.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43bfbca2dbe17abbd111da70af3a6b61399acb71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/Net/SSH2.php
@@ -0,0 +1,3009 @@
+<?php
+/* vim: set expandtab tabstop=4 shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4: */
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv2.
+ *
+ * PHP versions 4 and 5
+ *
+ * Here are some examples of how to use this library:
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Net/SSH2.php');
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new Net_SSH2('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', 'password')) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('pwd');
+ *    echo $ssh->exec('ls -la');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * <code>
+ * <?php
+ *    include('Crypt/RSA.php');
+ *    include('Net/SSH2.php');
+ *
+ *    $key = new Crypt_RSA();
+ *    //$key->setPassword('whatever');
+ *    $key->loadKey(file_get_contents('privatekey'));
+ *
+ *    $ssh = new Net_SSH2('www.domain.tld');
+ *    if (!$ssh->login('username', $key)) {
+ *        exit('Login Failed');
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ *    $ssh->write("ls -la\n");
+ *    echo $ssh->read('username@username:~$');
+ * ?>
+ * </code>
+ *
+ * LICENSE: Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ * 
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ * 
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * @category   Net
+ * @package    Net_SSH2
+ * @author     Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @copyright  MMVII Jim Wigginton
+ * @license    http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
+ * @version    $Id: SSH2.php,v 1.53 2010-10-24 01:24:30 terrafrost Exp $
+ * @link       http://phpseclib.sourceforge.net
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Include Math_BigInteger
+ *
+ * Used to do Diffie-Hellman key exchange and DSA/RSA signature verification.
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Math_BigInteger')) {
+    require_once('Math/BigInteger.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Random
+ */
+// the class_exists() will only be called if the crypt_random_string function hasn't been defined and
+// will trigger a call to __autoload() if you're wanting to auto-load classes
+// call function_exists() a second time to stop the require_once from being called outside
+// of the auto loader
+if (!function_exists('crypt_random_string') && !class_exists('Crypt_Random') && !function_exists('crypt_random_string')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/Random.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_Hash
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_Hash')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/Hash.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_TripleDES
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_TripleDES')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/TripleDES.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_RC4
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_RC4')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/RC4.php');
+}
+
+/**
+ * Include Crypt_AES
+ */
+if (!class_exists('Crypt_AES')) {
+    require_once('Crypt/AES.php');
+}
+
+/**#@+
+ * Execution Bitmap Masks
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH2::bitmap
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR', 0x00000001);
+define('NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN',       0x00000002);
+define('NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL',       0x00000004);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * Channel constants
+ *
+ * RFC4254 refers not to client and server channels but rather to sender and recipient channels.  we don't refer
+ * to them in that way because RFC4254 toggles the meaning. the client sends a SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN message with
+ * a sender channel and the server sends a SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION in response, with a sender and a
+ * recepient channel.  at first glance, you might conclude that SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION's sender channel
+ * would be the same thing as SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN's sender channel, but it's not, per this snipet:
+ *     The 'recipient channel' is the channel number given in the original
+ *     open request, and 'sender channel' is the channel number allocated by
+ *     the other side.
+ *
+ * @see Net_SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+ * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+ * @access private
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC', 0); // PuTTy uses 0x100
+define('NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL',1);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Net_SSH2::getLog()
+ */
+/**
+ * Returns the message numbers
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_SIMPLE',  1);
+/**
+ * Returns the message content
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX', 2);
+/**
+ * Outputs the content real-time
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME', 3);
+/**
+ * Dumps the content real-time to a file
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILE', 4);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**#@+
+ * @access public
+ * @see Net_SSH2::read()
+ */
+/**
+ * Returns when a string matching $expect exactly is found
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_READ_SIMPLE',  1);
+/**
+ * Returns when a string matching the regular expression $expect is found
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_READ_REGEX', 2);
+/**
+ * Make sure that the log never gets larger than this
+ */
+define('NET_SSH2_LOG_MAX_SIZE', 1024 * 1024);
+/**#@-*/
+
+/**
+ * Pure-PHP implementation of SSHv2.
+ *
+ * @author  Jim Wigginton <terrafrost@php.net>
+ * @version 0.1.0
+ * @access  public
+ * @package Net_SSH2
+ */
+class Net_SSH2 {
+    /**
+     * The SSH identifier
+     *
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $identifier = 'SSH-2.0-phpseclib_0.3';
+
+    /**
+     * The Socket Object
+     *
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $fsock;
+
+    /**
+     * Execution Bitmap
+     *
+     * The bits that are set represent functions that have been called already.  This is used to determine
+     * if a requisite function has been successfully executed.  If not, an error should be thrown.
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $bitmap = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Error information
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getErrors()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getLastError()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $errors = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Server Identifier
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getServerIdentification()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_identifier = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Key Exchange Algorithms
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getKexAlgorithims()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $kex_algorithms;
+
+    /**
+     * Server Host Key Algorithms
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getServerHostKeyAlgorithms()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_host_key_algorithms;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption Algorithms: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getEncryptionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server;
+
+    /**
+     * Encryption Algorithms: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getEncryptionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client;
+
+    /**
+     * MAC Algorithms: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getMACAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mac_algorithms_client_to_server;
+
+    /**
+     * MAC Algorithms: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getMACAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $mac_algorithms_server_to_client;
+
+    /**
+     * Compression Algorithms: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getCompressionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $compression_algorithms_client_to_server;
+
+    /**
+     * Compression Algorithms: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getCompressionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $compression_algorithms_server_to_client;
+
+    /**
+     * Languages: Server to Client
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getLanguagesServer2Client()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $languages_server_to_client;
+
+    /**
+     * Languages: Client to Server
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getLanguagesClient2Server()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $languages_client_to_server;
+
+    /**
+     * Block Size for Server to Client Encryption
+     *
+     * "Note that the length of the concatenation of 'packet_length',
+     *  'padding_length', 'payload', and 'random padding' MUST be a multiple
+     *  of the cipher block size or 8, whichever is larger.  This constraint
+     *  MUST be enforced, even when using stream ciphers."
+     *
+     *  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-6
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encrypt_block_size = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * Block Size for Client to Server Encryption
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decrypt_block_size = 8;
+
+    /**
+     * Server to Client Encryption Object
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $decrypt = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Client to Server Encryption Object
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $encrypt = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Client to Server HMAC Object
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hmac_create = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Server to Client HMAC Object
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var Object
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hmac_check = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Size of server to client HMAC
+     *
+     * We need to know how big the HMAC will be for the server to client direction so that we know how many bytes to read.
+     * For the client to server side, the HMAC object will make the HMAC as long as it needs to be.  All we need to do is
+     * append it.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $hmac_size = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Server Public Host Key
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_public_host_key;
+
+    /**
+     * Session identifer
+     *
+     * "The exchange hash H from the first key exchange is additionally
+     *  used as the session identifier, which is a unique identifier for
+     *  this connection."
+     *
+     *  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-7.2
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_key_exchange()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $session_id = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Exchange hash
+     *
+     * The current exchange hash
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_key_exchange()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $exchange_hash = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Message Numbers
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_numbers = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnection Message 'reason codes' defined in RFC4253
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $disconnect_reasons = array();
+
+    /**
+     * SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE 'reason codes', defined in RFC4254
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_open_failure_reasons = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Terminal Modes
+     *
+     * @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-8
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $terminal_modes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA's data_type_codes
+     *
+     * @link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.2
+     * @see Net_SSH2::Net_SSH2()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_extended_data_type_codes = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Send Sequence Number
+     *
+     * See 'Section 6.4.  Data Integrity' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $send_seq_no = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Get Sequence Number
+     *
+     * See 'Section 6.4.  Data Integrity' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $get_seq_no = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * Server Channels
+     *
+     * Maps client channels to server channels
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::exec()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $server_channels = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Channel Buffers
+     *
+     * If a client requests a packet from one channel but receives two packets from another those packets should
+     * be placed in a buffer
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::exec()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_buffers = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Channel Status
+     *
+     * Contains the type of the last sent message
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $channel_status = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Packet Size
+     *
+     * Maximum packet size indexed by channel
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $packet_size_client_to_server = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Message Number Log
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getLog()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_number_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Message Log
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getLog()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $message_log = array();
+
+    /**
+     * The Window Size
+     *
+     * Bytes the other party can send before it must wait for the window to be adjusted (0x7FFFFFFF = 4GB)
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::exec()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $window_size = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+
+    /**
+     * Window size
+     *
+     * Window size indexed by channel
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_channel_packet()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $window_size_client_to_server = array();
+
+    /**
+     * Server signature
+     *
+     * Verified against $this->session_id
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signature = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Server signature format
+     *
+     * ssh-rsa or ssh-dss.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signature_format = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Interactive Buffer
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::read()
+     * @var Array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $interactiveBuffer = '';
+
+    /**
+     * Current log size
+     *
+     * Should never exceed NET_SSH2_LOG_MAX_SIZE
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $log_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Timeout
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::setTimeout()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $timeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Current Timeout
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $curTimeout;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file pointer
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_append_log()
+     * @var Resource
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_file;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file size
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_append_log()
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_size;
+
+    /**
+     * Has the signature been validated?
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::getServerPublicHostKey()
+     * @var Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $signature_validated = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Real-time log file wrap boolean
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_append_log()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $realtime_log_wrap;
+
+    /**
+     * Flag to suppress stderr from output
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::enableQuietMode()
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $quiet_mode = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Time of first network activity
+     *
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $last_packet;
+
+    /**
+     * Exit status returned from ssh if any
+     *
+     * @var Integer
+     * @access private
+     */
+    var $exit_status;
+
+    /**
+     * Default Constructor.
+     *
+     * Connects to an SSHv2 server
+     *
+     * @param String $host
+     * @param optional Integer $port
+     * @param optional Integer $timeout
+     * @return Net_SSH2
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function Net_SSH2($host, $port = 22, $timeout = 10)
+    {
+        $this->last_packet = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // == microtime(true) in PHP5
+        $this->message_numbers = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT',
+            2 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_IGNORE',
+            3 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED',
+            4 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_DEBUG',
+            5 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST',
+            6 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT',
+            20 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT',
+            21 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS',
+            30 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT',
+            31 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY',
+            50 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST',
+            51 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE',
+            52 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS',
+            53 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER',
+
+            80 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST',
+            81 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_SUCCESS',
+            82 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE',
+            90 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN',
+            91 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION',
+            92 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE',
+            93 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST',
+            94 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA',
+            95 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA',
+            96 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF',
+            97 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE',
+            98 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST',
+            99 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS',
+            100 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE'
+        );
+        $this->disconnect_reasons = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_NOT_ALLOWED_TO_CONNECT',
+            2 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_ERROR',
+            3 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED',
+            4 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_RESERVED',
+            5 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_MAC_ERROR',
+            6 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_COMPRESSION_ERROR',
+            7 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_SERVICE_NOT_AVAILABLE',
+            8 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_PROTOCOL_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED',
+            9 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE',
+            10 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_CONNECTION_LOST',
+            11 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION',
+            12 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_TOO_MANY_CONNECTIONS',
+            13 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER',
+            14 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_NO_MORE_AUTH_METHODS_AVAILABLE',
+            15 => 'NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_ILLEGAL_USER_NAME'
+        );
+        $this->channel_open_failure_reasons = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_OPEN_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED'
+        );
+        $this->terminal_modes = array(
+            0 => 'NET_SSH2_TTY_OP_END'
+        );
+        $this->channel_extended_data_type_codes = array(
+            1 => 'NET_SSH2_EXTENDED_DATA_STDERR'
+        );
+
+        $this->_define_array(
+            $this->message_numbers,
+            $this->disconnect_reasons,
+            $this->channel_open_failure_reasons,
+            $this->terminal_modes,
+            $this->channel_extended_data_type_codes,
+            array(60 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ'),
+            array(60 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK'),
+            array(60 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST',
+                  61 => 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE')
+        );
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $this->fsock = @fsockopen($host, $port, $errno, $errstr, $timeout);
+        if (!$this->fsock) {
+            user_error(rtrim("Cannot connect to $host. Error $errno. $errstr"));
+            return;
+        }
+        $elapsed = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('') - $start;
+
+        $timeout-= $elapsed;
+
+        if ($timeout <= 0) {
+            user_error(rtrim("Cannot connect to $host. Timeout error"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $read = array($this->fsock);
+        $write = $except = NULL;
+
+        $sec = floor($timeout);
+        $usec = 1000000 * ($timeout - $sec);
+
+        // on windows this returns a "Warning: Invalid CRT parameters detected" error
+        // the !count() is done as a workaround for <https://bugs.php.net/42682>
+        if (!@stream_select($read, $write, $except, $sec, $usec) && !count($read)) {
+            user_error(rtrim("Cannot connect to $host. Banner timeout"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        /* According to the SSH2 specs,
+
+          "The server MAY send other lines of data before sending the version
+           string.  Each line SHOULD be terminated by a Carriage Return and Line
+           Feed.  Such lines MUST NOT begin with "SSH-", and SHOULD be encoded
+           in ISO-10646 UTF-8 [RFC3629] (language is not specified).  Clients
+           MUST be able to process such lines." */
+        $temp = '';
+        $extra = '';
+        while (!feof($this->fsock) && !preg_match('#^SSH-(\d\.\d+)#', $temp, $matches)) {
+            if (substr($temp, -2) == "\r\n") {
+                $extra.= $temp;
+                $temp = '';
+            }
+            $temp.= fgets($this->fsock, 255);
+        }
+
+        if (feof($this->fsock)) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $ext = array();
+        if (extension_loaded('mcrypt')) {
+            $ext[] = 'mcrypt';
+        }
+        if (extension_loaded('gmp')) {
+            $ext[] = 'gmp';
+        } else if (extension_loaded('bcmath')) {
+            $ext[] = 'bcmath';
+        }
+
+        if (!empty($ext)) {
+            $this->identifier.= ' (' . implode(', ', $ext) . ')';
+        }
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $this->_append_log('<-', $extra . $temp);
+            $this->_append_log('->', $this->identifier . "\r\n");
+        }
+
+        $this->server_identifier = trim($temp, "\r\n");
+        if (strlen($extra)) {
+            $this->errors[] = utf8_decode($extra);
+        }
+
+        if ($matches[1] != '1.99' && $matches[1] != '2.0') {
+            user_error("Cannot connect to SSH $matches[1] servers");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        fputs($this->fsock, $this->identifier . "\r\n");
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (ord($response[0]) != NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_MSG_KEXINIT');
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (!$this->_key_exchange($response)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->bitmap = NET_SSH2_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Key Exchange
+     *
+     * @param String $kexinit_payload_server
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _key_exchange($kexinit_payload_server)
+    {
+        static $kex_algorithms = array(
+            'diffie-hellman-group1-sha1', // REQUIRED
+            'diffie-hellman-group14-sha1' // REQUIRED
+        );
+
+        static $server_host_key_algorithms = array(
+            'ssh-rsa', // RECOMMENDED  sign   Raw RSA Key
+            'ssh-dss'  // REQUIRED     sign   Raw DSS Key
+        );
+
+        static $encryption_algorithms = array(
+            // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4345#section-4>:
+            'arcfour256',
+            'arcfour128',
+
+            'arcfour',    // OPTIONAL          the ARCFOUR stream cipher with a 128-bit key
+
+            'aes128-cbc', // RECOMMENDED       AES with a 128-bit key
+            'aes192-cbc', // OPTIONAL          AES with a 192-bit key
+            'aes256-cbc', // OPTIONAL          AES in CBC mode, with a 256-bit key
+
+            // from <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4344#section-4>:
+            'aes128-ctr', // RECOMMENDED       AES (Rijndael) in SDCTR mode, with 128-bit key
+            'aes192-ctr', // RECOMMENDED       AES with 192-bit key
+            'aes256-ctr', // RECOMMENDED       AES with 256-bit key
+            '3des-ctr',   // RECOMMENDED       Three-key 3DES in SDCTR mode
+
+            '3des-cbc',   // REQUIRED          three-key 3DES in CBC mode
+            'none'        // OPTIONAL          no encryption; NOT RECOMMENDED
+        );
+
+        static $mac_algorithms = array(
+            'hmac-sha1-96', // RECOMMENDED     first 96 bits of HMAC-SHA1 (digest length = 12, key length = 20)
+            'hmac-sha1',    // REQUIRED        HMAC-SHA1 (digest length = key length = 20)
+            'hmac-md5-96',  // OPTIONAL        first 96 bits of HMAC-MD5 (digest length = 12, key length = 16)
+            'hmac-md5',     // OPTIONAL        HMAC-MD5 (digest length = key length = 16)
+            'none'          // OPTIONAL        no MAC; NOT RECOMMENDED
+        );
+
+        static $compression_algorithms = array(
+            'none'   // REQUIRED        no compression
+            //'zlib' // OPTIONAL        ZLIB (LZ77) compression
+        );
+
+        // some SSH servers have buggy implementations of some of the above algorithms
+        switch ($this->server_identifier) {
+            case 'SSH-2.0-SSHD':
+                $mac_algorithms = array_values(array_diff(
+                    $mac_algorithms,
+                    array('hmac-sha1-96', 'hmac-md5-96')
+                ));
+        }
+
+        static $str_kex_algorithms, $str_server_host_key_algorithms,
+               $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client, $mac_algorithms_server_to_client, $compression_algorithms_server_to_client,
+               $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server, $mac_algorithms_client_to_server, $compression_algorithms_client_to_server;
+
+        if (empty($str_kex_algorithms)) {
+            $str_kex_algorithms = implode(',', $kex_algorithms);
+            $str_server_host_key_algorithms = implode(',', $server_host_key_algorithms);
+            $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = implode(',', $encryption_algorithms);
+            $mac_algorithms_server_to_client = $mac_algorithms_client_to_server = implode(',', $mac_algorithms);
+            $compression_algorithms_server_to_client = $compression_algorithms_client_to_server = implode(',', $compression_algorithms);
+        }
+
+        $client_cookie = crypt_random_string(16);
+
+        $response = $kexinit_payload_server;
+        $this->_string_shift($response, 1); // skip past the message number (it should be SSH_MSG_KEXINIT)
+        $server_cookie = $this->_string_shift($response, 16);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->kex_algorithms = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->server_host_key_algorithms = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->encryption_algorithms_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->encryption_algorithms_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->mac_algorithms_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->mac_algorithms_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->compression_algorithms_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->compression_algorithms_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->languages_client_to_server = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->languages_server_to_client = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']));
+
+        extract(unpack('Cfirst_kex_packet_follows', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+        $first_kex_packet_follows = $first_kex_packet_follows != 0;
+
+        // the sending of SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT could go in one of two places.  this is the second place.
+        $kexinit_payload_client = pack('Ca*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*CN',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT, $client_cookie, strlen($str_kex_algorithms), $str_kex_algorithms,
+            strlen($str_server_host_key_algorithms), $str_server_host_key_algorithms, strlen($encryption_algorithms_client_to_server),
+            $encryption_algorithms_client_to_server, strlen($encryption_algorithms_server_to_client), $encryption_algorithms_server_to_client,
+            strlen($mac_algorithms_client_to_server), $mac_algorithms_client_to_server, strlen($mac_algorithms_server_to_client),
+            $mac_algorithms_server_to_client, strlen($compression_algorithms_client_to_server), $compression_algorithms_client_to_server,
+            strlen($compression_algorithms_server_to_client), $compression_algorithms_server_to_client, 0, '', 0, '',
+            0, 0
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($kexinit_payload_client)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        // here ends the second place.
+
+        // we need to decide upon the symmetric encryption algorithms before we do the diffie-hellman key exchange
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($encryption_algorithms) && !in_array($encryption_algorithms[$i], $this->encryption_algorithms_server_to_client); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($encryption_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible server to client encryption algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        // we don't initialize any crypto-objects, yet - we do that, later. for now, we need the lengths to make the
+        // diffie-hellman key exchange as fast as possible
+        $decrypt = $encryption_algorithms[$i];
+        switch ($decrypt) {
+            case '3des-cbc':
+            case '3des-ctr':
+                $decryptKeyLength = 24; // eg. 192 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+            case 'aes256-ctr':
+                $decryptKeyLength = 32; // eg. 256 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'aes192-cbc':
+            case 'aes192-ctr':
+                $decryptKeyLength = 24; // eg. 192 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'aes128-cbc':
+            case 'aes128-ctr':
+                $decryptKeyLength = 16; // eg. 128 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'arcfour':
+            case 'arcfour128':
+                $decryptKeyLength = 16; // eg. 128 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'arcfour256':
+                $decryptKeyLength = 32; // eg. 128 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'none';
+                $decryptKeyLength = 0;
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($encryption_algorithms) && !in_array($encryption_algorithms[$i], $this->encryption_algorithms_client_to_server); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($encryption_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible client to server encryption algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        $encrypt = $encryption_algorithms[$i];
+        switch ($encrypt) {
+            case '3des-cbc':
+            case '3des-ctr':
+                $encryptKeyLength = 24;
+                break;
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+            case 'aes256-ctr':
+                $encryptKeyLength = 32;
+                break;
+            case 'aes192-cbc':
+            case 'aes192-ctr':
+                $encryptKeyLength = 24;
+                break;
+            case 'aes128-cbc':
+            case 'aes128-ctr':
+                $encryptKeyLength = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'arcfour':
+            case 'arcfour128':
+                $encryptKeyLength = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'arcfour256':
+                $encryptKeyLength = 32;
+                break;
+            case 'none';
+                $encryptKeyLength = 0;
+        }
+
+        $keyLength = $decryptKeyLength > $encryptKeyLength ? $decryptKeyLength : $encryptKeyLength;
+
+        // through diffie-hellman key exchange a symmetric key is obtained
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($kex_algorithms) && !in_array($kex_algorithms[$i], $this->kex_algorithms); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($kex_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible key exchange algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        switch ($kex_algorithms[$i]) {
+            // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2409#section-6.2 and 
+            // http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2412, appendex E
+            case 'diffie-hellman-group1-sha1':
+                $p = pack('H256', 'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC90FDAA22168C234C4C6628B80DC1CD129024E088A67CC74' . 
+                                  '020BBEA63B139B22514A08798E3404DDEF9519B3CD3A431B302B0A6DF25F1437' . 
+                                  '4FE1356D6D51C245E485B576625E7EC6F44C42E9A637ED6B0BFF5CB6F406B7ED' . 
+                                  'EE386BFB5A899FA5AE9F24117C4B1FE649286651ECE65381FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF');
+                $keyLength = $keyLength < 160 ? $keyLength : 160;
+                $hash = 'sha1';
+                break;
+            // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526#section-3
+            case 'diffie-hellman-group14-sha1':
+                $p = pack('H512', 'FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC90FDAA22168C234C4C6628B80DC1CD129024E088A67CC74' . 
+                                  '020BBEA63B139B22514A08798E3404DDEF9519B3CD3A431B302B0A6DF25F1437' . 
+                                  '4FE1356D6D51C245E485B576625E7EC6F44C42E9A637ED6B0BFF5CB6F406B7ED' . 
+                                  'EE386BFB5A899FA5AE9F24117C4B1FE649286651ECE45B3DC2007CB8A163BF05' . 
+                                  '98DA48361C55D39A69163FA8FD24CF5F83655D23DCA3AD961C62F356208552BB' . 
+                                  '9ED529077096966D670C354E4ABC9804F1746C08CA18217C32905E462E36CE3B' . 
+                                  'E39E772C180E86039B2783A2EC07A28FB5C55DF06F4C52C9DE2BCBF695581718' . 
+                                  '3995497CEA956AE515D2261898FA051015728E5A8AACAA68FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF');
+                $keyLength = $keyLength < 160 ? $keyLength : 160;
+                $hash = 'sha1';
+        }
+
+        $p = new Math_BigInteger($p, 256);
+        //$q = $p->bitwise_rightShift(1);
+
+        /* To increase the speed of the key exchange, both client and server may
+           reduce the size of their private exponents.  It should be at least
+           twice as long as the key material that is generated from the shared
+           secret.  For more details, see the paper by van Oorschot and Wiener
+           [VAN-OORSCHOT].
+
+           -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4419#section-6.2 */
+        $q = new Math_BigInteger(1);
+        $q = $q->bitwise_leftShift(2 * $keyLength);
+        $q = $q->subtract(new Math_BigInteger(1));
+
+        $g = new Math_BigInteger(2);
+        $x = new Math_BigInteger();
+        $x = $x->random(new Math_BigInteger(1), $q);
+        $e = $g->modPow($x, $p);
+
+        $eBytes = $e->toBytes(true);
+        $data = pack('CNa*', NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_INIT, strlen($eBytes), $eBytes);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($data)) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        if ($type != NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_MSG_KEXDH_REPLY');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->server_public_host_key = $server_public_host_key = $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+        $public_key_format = $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $fBytes = $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']);
+        $f = new Math_BigInteger($fBytes, -256);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+        $this->signature = $this->_string_shift($response, $temp['length']);
+
+        $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($this->signature, 4));
+        $this->signature_format = $this->_string_shift($this->signature, $temp['length']);
+
+        $key = $f->modPow($x, $p);
+        $keyBytes = $key->toBytes(true);
+
+        $this->exchange_hash = pack('Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen($this->identifier), $this->identifier, strlen($this->server_identifier), $this->server_identifier,
+            strlen($kexinit_payload_client), $kexinit_payload_client, strlen($kexinit_payload_server),
+            $kexinit_payload_server, strlen($this->server_public_host_key), $this->server_public_host_key, strlen($eBytes),
+            $eBytes, strlen($fBytes), $fBytes, strlen($keyBytes), $keyBytes
+        );
+
+        $this->exchange_hash = pack('H*', $hash($this->exchange_hash));
+
+        if ($this->session_id === false) {
+            $this->session_id = $this->exchange_hash;
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($server_host_key_algorithms) && !in_array($server_host_key_algorithms[$i], $this->server_host_key_algorithms); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($server_host_key_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible server host key algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        if ($public_key_format != $server_host_key_algorithms[$i] || $this->signature_format != $server_host_key_algorithms[$i]) {
+            user_error('Sever Host Key Algorithm Mismatch');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('C',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        if ($type != NET_SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch ($encrypt) {
+            case '3des-cbc':
+                $this->encrypt = new Crypt_TripleDES();
+                // $this->encrypt_block_size = 64 / 8 == the default
+                break;
+            case '3des-ctr':
+                $this->encrypt = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR);
+                // $this->encrypt_block_size = 64 / 8 == the default
+                break;
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+            case 'aes192-cbc':
+            case 'aes128-cbc':
+                $this->encrypt = new Crypt_AES();
+                $this->encrypt_block_size = 16; // eg. 128 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'aes256-ctr':
+            case 'aes192-ctr':
+            case 'aes128-ctr':
+                $this->encrypt = new Crypt_AES(CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR);
+                $this->encrypt_block_size = 16; // eg. 128 / 8
+                break;
+            case 'arcfour':
+            case 'arcfour128':
+            case 'arcfour256':
+                $this->encrypt = new Crypt_RC4();
+                break;
+            case 'none';
+                //$this->encrypt = new Crypt_Null();
+        }
+
+        switch ($decrypt) {
+            case '3des-cbc':
+                $this->decrypt = new Crypt_TripleDES();
+                break;
+            case '3des-ctr':
+                $this->decrypt = new Crypt_TripleDES(CRYPT_DES_MODE_CTR);
+                break;
+            case 'aes256-cbc':
+            case 'aes192-cbc':
+            case 'aes128-cbc':
+                $this->decrypt = new Crypt_AES();
+                $this->decrypt_block_size = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'aes256-ctr':
+            case 'aes192-ctr':
+            case 'aes128-ctr':
+                $this->decrypt = new Crypt_AES(CRYPT_AES_MODE_CTR);
+                $this->decrypt_block_size = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'arcfour':
+            case 'arcfour128':
+            case 'arcfour256':
+                $this->decrypt = new Crypt_RC4();
+                break;
+            case 'none';
+                //$this->decrypt = new Crypt_Null();
+        }
+
+        $keyBytes = pack('Na*', strlen($keyBytes), $keyBytes);
+
+        if ($this->encrypt) {
+            $this->encrypt->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->encrypt->disablePadding();
+
+            $iv = pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'A' . $this->session_id));
+            while ($this->encrypt_block_size > strlen($iv)) {
+                $iv.= pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $iv));
+            }
+            $this->encrypt->setIV(substr($iv, 0, $this->encrypt_block_size));
+
+            $key = pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'C' . $this->session_id));
+            while ($encryptKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+                $key.= pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key));
+            }
+            $this->encrypt->setKey(substr($key, 0, $encryptKeyLength));
+        }
+
+        if ($this->decrypt) {
+            $this->decrypt->enableContinuousBuffer();
+            $this->decrypt->disablePadding();
+
+            $iv = pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'B' . $this->session_id));
+            while ($this->decrypt_block_size > strlen($iv)) {
+                $iv.= pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $iv));
+            }
+            $this->decrypt->setIV(substr($iv, 0, $this->decrypt_block_size));
+
+            $key = pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'D' . $this->session_id));
+            while ($decryptKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+                $key.= pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key));
+            }
+            $this->decrypt->setKey(substr($key, 0, $decryptKeyLength));
+        }
+
+        /* The "arcfour128" algorithm is the RC4 cipher, as described in
+           [SCHNEIER], using a 128-bit key.  The first 1536 bytes of keystream
+           generated by the cipher MUST be discarded, and the first byte of the
+           first encrypted packet MUST be encrypted using the 1537th byte of
+           keystream.
+
+           -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4345#section-4 */
+        if ($encrypt == 'arcfour128' || $encrypt == 'arcfour256') {
+            $this->encrypt->encrypt(str_repeat("\0", 1536));
+        }
+        if ($decrypt == 'arcfour128' || $decrypt == 'arcfour256') {
+            $this->decrypt->decrypt(str_repeat("\0", 1536));
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($mac_algorithms) && !in_array($mac_algorithms[$i], $this->mac_algorithms_client_to_server); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($mac_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible client to server message authentication algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        $createKeyLength = 0; // ie. $mac_algorithms[$i] == 'none'
+        switch ($mac_algorithms[$i]) {
+            case 'hmac-sha1':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+                $createKeyLength = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-sha1-96':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Crypt_Hash('sha1-96');
+                $createKeyLength = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Crypt_Hash('md5');
+                $createKeyLength = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5-96':
+                $this->hmac_create = new Crypt_Hash('md5-96');
+                $createKeyLength = 16;
+        }
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($mac_algorithms) && !in_array($mac_algorithms[$i], $this->mac_algorithms_server_to_client); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($mac_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible server to client message authentication algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+
+        $checkKeyLength = 0;
+        $this->hmac_size = 0;
+        switch ($mac_algorithms[$i]) {
+            case 'hmac-sha1':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Crypt_Hash('sha1');
+                $checkKeyLength = 20;
+                $this->hmac_size = 20;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-sha1-96':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Crypt_Hash('sha1-96');
+                $checkKeyLength = 20;
+                $this->hmac_size = 12;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Crypt_Hash('md5');
+                $checkKeyLength = 16;
+                $this->hmac_size = 16;
+                break;
+            case 'hmac-md5-96':
+                $this->hmac_check = new Crypt_Hash('md5-96');
+                $checkKeyLength = 16;
+                $this->hmac_size = 12;
+        }
+
+        $key = pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'E' . $this->session_id));
+        while ($createKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+            $key.= pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key));
+        }
+        $this->hmac_create->setKey(substr($key, 0, $createKeyLength));
+
+        $key = pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . 'F' . $this->session_id));
+        while ($checkKeyLength > strlen($key)) {
+            $key.= pack('H*', $hash($keyBytes . $this->exchange_hash . $key));
+        }
+        $this->hmac_check->setKey(substr($key, 0, $checkKeyLength));
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($compression_algorithms) && !in_array($compression_algorithms[$i], $this->compression_algorithms_server_to_client); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($compression_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible server to client compression algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+        $this->decompress = $compression_algorithms[$i] == 'zlib';
+
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($compression_algorithms) && !in_array($compression_algorithms[$i], $this->compression_algorithms_client_to_server); $i++);
+        if ($i == count($compression_algorithms)) {
+            user_error('No compatible client to server compression algorithms found');
+            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+        }
+        $this->compress = $compression_algorithms[$i] == 'zlib';
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login
+     *
+     * The $password parameter can be a plaintext password or a Crypt_RSA object.
+     *
+     * @param String $username
+     * @param optional String $password
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     * @internal It might be worthwhile, at some point, to protect against {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4251#section-9.3.9 traffic analysis}
+     *           by sending dummy SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages.
+     */
+    function login($username, $password = null)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST, strlen('ssh-userauth'), 'ssh-userauth'
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        if ($type != NET_SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT) {
+            user_error('Expected SSH_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // although PHP5's get_class() preserves the case, PHP4's does not
+        if (is_object($password) && strtolower(get_class($password)) == 'crypt_rsa') {
+            return $this->_privatekey_login($username, $password);
+        }
+
+        if (!isset($password)) {
+            $packet = pack('CNa*Na*Na*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST, strlen($username), $username, strlen('ssh-connection'), 'ssh-connection',
+                strlen('none'), 'none'
+            );
+
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                user_error('Connection closed by server');
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+            switch ($type) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                    $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN;
+                    return true;
+                //case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                default:
+                    return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('CNa*Na*Na*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST, strlen($username), $username, strlen('ssh-connection'), 'ssh-connection',
+            strlen('password'), 'password', 0, strlen($password), $password
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // remove the username and password from the last logged packet
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING') && NET_SSH2_LOGGING == NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX) {
+            $packet = pack('CNa*Na*Na*CNa*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST, strlen('username'), 'username', strlen('ssh-connection'), 'ssh-connection',
+                strlen('password'), 'password', 0, strlen('password'), 'password'
+            );
+            $this->message_log[count($this->message_log) - 1] = $packet;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ: // in theory, the password can be changed
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = 'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ';
+                }
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_PASSWD_CHANGEREQ: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($response, $length));
+                return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER);
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                // can we use keyboard-interactive authentication?  if not then either the login is bad or the server employees
+                // multi-factor authentication
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $auth_methods = explode(',', $this->_string_shift($response, $length));
+                if (in_array('keyboard-interactive', $auth_methods)) {
+                    if ($this->_keyboard_interactive_login($username, $password)) {
+                        $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN;
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    return false;
+                }
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN;
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login via keyboard-interactive authentication
+     *
+     * See {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4256 RFC4256} for details.  This is not a full-featured keyboard-interactive authenticator.
+     *
+     * @param String $username
+     * @param String $password
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _keyboard_interactive_login($username, $password)
+    {
+        $packet = pack('CNa*Na*Na*Na*Na*', 
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST, strlen($username), $username, strlen('ssh-connection'), 'ssh-connection',
+            strlen('keyboard-interactive'), 'keyboard-interactive', 0, '', 0, ''
+        );
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_keyboard_interactive_process($password);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handle the keyboard-interactive requests / responses.
+     *
+     * @param String $responses...
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _keyboard_interactive_process()
+    {
+        $responses = func_get_args();
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST:
+                // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4256#section-3.2
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = str_replace(
+                        'UNKNOWN',
+                        'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST',
+                        $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1]
+                    );
+                }
+
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->_string_shift($response, $length); // name; may be empty
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->_string_shift($response, $length); // instruction; may be empty
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->_string_shift($response, $length); // language tag; may be empty
+                extract(unpack('Nnum_prompts', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                /*
+                for ($i = 0; $i < $num_prompts; $i++) {
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    // prompt - ie. "Password: "; must not be empty
+                    $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    $echo = $this->_string_shift($response) != chr(0);
+                }
+                */
+
+                /*
+                   After obtaining the requested information from the user, the client
+                   MUST respond with an SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE message.
+                */
+                // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4256#section-3.4
+                $packet = $logged = pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE, count($responses));
+                for ($i = 0; $i < count($responses); $i++) {
+                    $packet.= pack('Na*', strlen($responses[$i]), $responses[$i]);
+                    $logged.= pack('Na*', strlen('dummy-answer'), 'dummy-answer');
+                }
+
+                if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = str_replace(
+                        'UNKNOWN',
+                        'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_RESPONSE',
+                        $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1]
+                    );
+                    $this->message_log[count($this->message_log) - 1] = $logged;
+                }
+
+                /*
+                   After receiving the response, the server MUST send either an
+                   SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS, SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE, or another
+                   SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_INFO_REQUEST message.
+                */
+                // maybe phpseclib should force close the connection after x request / responses?  unless something like that is done
+                // there could be an infinite loop of request / responses.
+                return $this->_keyboard_interactive_process();
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                return true;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Login with an RSA private key
+     *
+     * @param String $username
+     * @param Crypt_RSA $password
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     * @internal It might be worthwhile, at some point, to protect against {@link http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4251#section-9.3.9 traffic analysis}
+     *           by sending dummy SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages.
+     */
+    function _privatekey_login($username, $privatekey)
+    {
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#page-15
+        $publickey = $privatekey->getPublicKey(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW);
+        if ($publickey === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $publickey = array(
+            'e' => $publickey['e']->toBytes(true),
+            'n' => $publickey['n']->toBytes(true)
+        );
+        $publickey = pack('Na*Na*Na*',
+            strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publickey['e']), $publickey['e'], strlen($publickey['n']), $publickey['n']
+        );
+
+        $part1 = pack('CNa*Na*Na*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_REQUEST, strlen($username), $username, strlen('ssh-connection'), 'ssh-connection',
+            strlen('publickey'), 'publickey'
+        );
+        $part2 = pack('Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($publickey), $publickey);
+
+        $packet = $part1 . chr(0) . $part2;
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE: ' . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_AUTH_CANCELLED_BY_USER);
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK:
+                // we'll just take it on faith that the public key blob and the public key algorithm name are as
+                // they should be
+                if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+                    $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1] = str_replace(
+                        'UNKNOWN',
+                        'NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_PK_OK',
+                        $this->message_number_log[count($this->message_number_log) - 1]
+                    );
+                }
+        }
+
+        $packet = $part1 . chr(1) . $part2;
+        $privatekey->setSignatureMode(CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1);
+        $signature = $privatekey->sign(pack('Na*a*', strlen($this->session_id), $this->session_id, $packet));
+        $signature = pack('Na*Na*', strlen('ssh-rsa'), 'ssh-rsa', strlen($signature), $signature);
+        $packet.= pack('Na*', strlen($signature), $signature);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Ctype', $this->_string_shift($response, 1)));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_FAILURE:
+                // either the login is bad or the server employs multi-factor authentication
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_SUCCESS:
+                $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN;
+                return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Set Timeout
+     *
+     * $ssh->exec('ping 127.0.0.1'); on a Linux host will never return and will run indefinitely.  setTimeout() makes it so it'll timeout.
+     * Setting $timeout to false or 0 will mean there is no timeout.
+     *
+     * @param Mixed $timeout
+     */
+    function setTimeout($timeout)
+    {
+        $this->timeout = $this->curTimeout = $timeout;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute Command
+     *
+     * If $block is set to false then Net_SSH2::_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC) will need to be called manually.
+     * In all likelihood, this is not a feature you want to be taking advantage of.
+     *
+     * @param String $command
+     * @param optional Boolean $block
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function exec($command, $block = true)
+    {
+        $this->curTimeout = $this->timeout;
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // RFC4254 defines the (client) window size as "bytes the other party can send before it must wait for the window to
+        // be adjusted".  0x7FFFFFFF is, at 4GB, the max size.  technically, it should probably be decremented, but, 
+        // honestly, if you're transfering more than 4GB, you probably shouldn't be using phpseclib, anyway.
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.2 for more info
+        $this->window_size_client_to_server[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC] = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        // 0x8000 is the maximum max packet size, per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-6.1, although since PuTTy
+        // uses 0x4000, that's what will be used here, as well.
+        $packet_size = 0x4000;
+
+        $packet = pack('CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN, strlen('session'), 'session', NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC, $this->window_size_client_to_server[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC], $packet_size);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // sending a pty-req SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST message is unnecessary and, in fact, in most cases, slows things
+        // down.  the one place where it might be desirable is if you're doing something like Net_SSH2::exec('ping localhost &').
+        // with a pty-req SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST, exec() will return immediately and the ping process will then
+        // then immediately terminate.  without such a request exec() will loop indefinitely.  the ping process won't end but
+        // neither will your script.
+
+        // although, in theory, the size of SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST could exceed the maximum packet size established by
+        // SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION, RFC4254#section-5.1 states that the "maximum packet size" refers to the 
+        // "maximum size of an individual data packet". ie. SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA.  RFC4254#section-5.2 corroborates.
+        $packet = pack('CNNa*CNa*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST, $this->server_channels[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC], strlen('exec'), 'exec', 1, strlen($command), $command);
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        if (!$block) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $output = '';
+        while (true) {
+            $temp = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC);
+            switch (true) {
+                case $temp === true:
+                    return $output;
+                case $temp === false:
+                    return false;
+                default:
+                    $output.= $temp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates an interactive shell
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::read()
+     * @see Net_SSH2::write()
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _initShell()
+    {
+        $this->window_size_client_to_server[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL] = 0x7FFFFFFF;
+        $packet_size = 0x4000;
+
+        $packet = pack('CNa*N3',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN, strlen('session'), 'session', NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL, $this->window_size_client_to_server[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL], $packet_size);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $terminal_modes = pack('C', NET_SSH2_TTY_OP_END);
+        $packet = pack('CNNa*CNa*N5a*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST, $this->server_channels[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL], strlen('pty-req'), 'pty-req', 1, strlen('vt100'), 'vt100',
+            80, 24, 0, 0, strlen($terminal_modes), $terminal_modes);
+
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        if ($response === false) {
+            user_error('Connection closed by server');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        list(, $type) = unpack('C', $this->_string_shift($response, 1));
+
+        switch ($type) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS:
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE:
+            default:
+                user_error('Unable to request pseudo-terminal');
+                return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+        }
+
+        $packet = pack('CNNa*C',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST, $this->server_channels[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL], strlen('shell'), 'shell', 1);
+        if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST;
+
+        $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL);
+        if ($response === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $this->channel_status[NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA;
+
+        $this->bitmap |= NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the output of an interactive shell
+     *
+     * Returns when there's a match for $expect, which can take the form of a string literal or,
+     * if $mode == NET_SSH2_READ_REGEX, a regular expression.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::read()
+     * @param String $expect
+     * @param Integer $mode
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function read($expect = '', $mode = NET_SSH2_READ_SIMPLE)
+    {
+        $this->curTimeout = $this->timeout;
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            user_error('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            user_error('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $match = $expect;
+        while (true) {
+            if ($mode == NET_SSH2_READ_REGEX) {
+                preg_match($expect, $this->interactiveBuffer, $matches);
+                $match = isset($matches[0]) ? $matches[0] : '';
+            }
+            $pos = strlen($match) ? strpos($this->interactiveBuffer, $match) : false;
+            if ($pos !== false) {
+                return $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, $pos + strlen($match));
+            }
+            $response = $this->_get_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL);
+            if (is_bool($response)) {
+                return $response ? $this->_string_shift($this->interactiveBuffer, strlen($this->interactiveBuffer)) : false;
+            }
+
+            $this->interactiveBuffer.= $response;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Inputs a command into an interactive shell.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH1::interactiveWrite()
+     * @param String $cmd
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function write($cmd)
+    {
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            user_error('Operation disallowed prior to login()');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL) && !$this->_initShell()) {
+            user_error('Unable to initiate an interactive shell session');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_send_channel_packet(NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_SHELL, $cmd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disconnect()
+    {
+        $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+        if (isset($this->realtime_log_file) && is_resource($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+            fclose($this->realtime_log_file);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Destructor.
+     *
+     * Will be called, automatically, if you're supporting just PHP5.  If you're supporting PHP4, you'll need to call
+     * disconnect().
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function __destruct()
+    {
+        $this->disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets Binary Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. Binary Packet Protocol' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_send_binary_packet()
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_binary_packet()
+    {
+        if (!is_resource($this->fsock) || feof($this->fsock)) {
+            user_error('Connection closed prematurely');
+            $this->bitmask = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $raw = fread($this->fsock, $this->decrypt_block_size);
+
+        if (!strlen($raw)) {
+            return '';
+        }
+
+        if ($this->decrypt !== false) {
+            $raw = $this->decrypt->decrypt($raw);
+        }
+        if ($raw === false) {
+            user_error('Unable to decrypt content');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        extract(unpack('Npacket_length/Cpadding_length', $this->_string_shift($raw, 5)));
+
+        $remaining_length = $packet_length + 4 - $this->decrypt_block_size;
+
+        // quoting <http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4253#section-6.1>,
+        // "implementations SHOULD check that the packet length is reasonable"
+        // PuTTY uses 0x9000 as the actual max packet size and so to shall we
+        if ($remaining_length < -$this->decrypt_block_size || $remaining_length > 0x9000 || $remaining_length % $this->decrypt_block_size != 0) {
+            user_error('Invalid size');
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $buffer = '';
+        while ($remaining_length > 0) {
+            $temp = fread($this->fsock, $remaining_length);
+            $buffer.= $temp;
+            $remaining_length-= strlen($temp);
+        }
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+        if (strlen($buffer)) {
+            $raw.= $this->decrypt !== false ? $this->decrypt->decrypt($buffer) : $buffer;
+        }
+
+        $payload = $this->_string_shift($raw, $packet_length - $padding_length - 1);
+        $padding = $this->_string_shift($raw, $padding_length); // should leave $raw empty
+
+        if ($this->hmac_check !== false) {
+            $hmac = fread($this->fsock, $this->hmac_size);
+            if ($hmac != $this->hmac_check->hash(pack('NNCa*', $this->get_seq_no, $packet_length, $padding_length, $payload . $padding))) {
+                user_error('Invalid HMAC');
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //if ($this->decompress) {
+        //    $payload = gzinflate(substr($payload, 2));
+        //}
+
+        $this->get_seq_no++;
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $current = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+            $message_number = isset($this->message_numbers[ord($payload[0])]) ? $this->message_numbers[ord($payload[0])] : 'UNKNOWN (' . ord($payload[0]) . ')';
+            $message_number = '<- ' . $message_number .
+                              ' (since last: ' . round($current - $this->last_packet, 4) . ', network: ' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($message_number, $payload);
+            $this->last_packet = $current;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_filter($payload);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Filter Binary Packets
+     *
+     * Because some binary packets need to be ignored...
+     *
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _filter($payload)
+    {
+        switch (ord($payload[0])) {
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT:
+                $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+                extract(unpack('Nreason_code/Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 8)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_DISCONNECT: ' . $this->disconnect_reasons[$reason_code] . "\r\n" . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+                $this->bitmask = 0;
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_IGNORE:
+                $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_DEBUG:
+                $this->_string_shift($payload, 2);
+                extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_DEBUG: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+                $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_UNIMPLEMENTED:
+                return false;
+            case NET_SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT:
+                if ($this->session_id !== false) {
+                    if (!$this->_key_exchange($payload)) {
+                        $this->bitmask = 0;
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                }
+        }
+
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4252#section-5.4; only called when the encryption has been activated and when we haven't already logged in
+        if (($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR) && !($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN) && ord($payload[0]) == NET_SSH2_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER) {
+            $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+            $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_USERAUTH_BANNER: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+            $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+        }
+
+        // only called when we've already logged in
+        if (($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_CONSTRUCTOR) && ($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_LOGIN)) {
+            switch (ord($payload[0])) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST: // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-4
+                    $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($payload)));
+                    $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_GLOBAL_REQUEST: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+
+                    if (!$this->_send_binary_packet(pack('C', NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE))) {
+                        return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    }
+
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN: // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.1
+                    $this->_string_shift($payload, 1);
+                    extract(unpack('N', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+                    $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN: ' . utf8_decode($this->_string_shift($payload, $length));
+
+                    $this->_string_shift($payload, 4); // skip over client channel
+                    extract(unpack('Nserver_channel', $this->_string_shift($payload, 4)));
+
+                    $packet = pack('CN3a*Na*',
+                        NET_SSH2_MSG_REQUEST_FAILURE, $server_channel, NET_SSH2_OPEN_ADMINISTRATIVELY_PROHIBITED, 0, '', 0, '');
+
+                    if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                        return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    }
+
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST:
+                    $payload = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $payload;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Enable Quiet Mode
+     *
+     * Suppress stderr from output
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function enableQuietMode()
+    {
+        $this->quiet_mode = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disable Quiet Mode
+     *
+     * Show stderr in output
+     *
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function disableQuietMode()
+    {
+        $this->quiet_mode = false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets channel data
+     *
+     * Returns the data as a string if it's available and false if not.
+     *
+     * @param $client_channel
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _get_channel_packet($client_channel, $skip_extended = false)
+    {
+        if (!empty($this->channel_buffers[$client_channel])) {
+            return array_shift($this->channel_buffers[$client_channel]);
+        }
+
+        while (true) {
+            if ($this->curTimeout) {
+                $read = array($this->fsock);
+                $write = $except = NULL;
+
+                $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+                $sec = floor($this->curTimeout);
+                $usec = 1000000 * ($this->curTimeout - $sec);
+                // on windows this returns a "Warning: Invalid CRT parameters detected" error
+                if (!@stream_select($read, $write, $except, $sec, $usec) && !count($read)) {
+                    $this->_close_channel($client_channel);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                $elapsed = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('') - $start;
+                $this->curTimeout-= $elapsed;
+            }
+
+            $response = $this->_get_binary_packet();
+            if ($response === false) {
+                user_error('Connection closed by server');
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!strlen($response)) {
+                return '';
+            }
+
+            extract(unpack('Ctype/Nchannel', $this->_string_shift($response, 5)));
+
+            switch ($this->channel_status[$channel]) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN:
+                    switch ($type) {
+                        case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_CONFIRMATION:
+                            extract(unpack('Nserver_channel', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                            $this->server_channels[$channel] = $server_channel;
+                            $this->_string_shift($response, 4); // skip over (server) window size
+                            $temp = unpack('Npacket_size_client_to_server', $this->_string_shift($response, 4));
+                            $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$channel] = $temp['packet_size_client_to_server'];
+                            return $client_channel == $channel ? true : $this->_get_channel_packet($client_channel, $skip_extended);
+                        //case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_OPEN_FAILURE:
+                        default:
+                            user_error('Unable to open channel');
+                            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST:
+                    switch ($type) {
+                        case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_SUCCESS:
+                            return true;
+                        //case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_FAILURE:
+                        default:
+                            user_error('Unable to request pseudo-terminal');
+                            return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+                    }
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE:
+                    return $type == NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE ? true : $this->_get_channel_packet($client_channel, $skip_extended);
+            }
+
+            switch ($type) {
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA:
+                    /*
+                    if ($client_channel == NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC) {
+                        // SCP requires null packets, such as this, be sent.  further, in the case of the ssh.com SSH server
+                        // this actually seems to make things twice as fast.  more to the point, the message right after 
+                        // SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA (usually SSH_MSG_IGNORE) won't block for as long as it would have otherwise.
+                        // in OpenSSH it slows things down but only by a couple thousandths of a second.
+                        $this->_send_channel_packet($client_channel, chr(0));
+                    }
+                    */
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    $data = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    if ($client_channel == $channel) {
+                        return $data;
+                    }
+                    if (!isset($this->channel_buffers[$client_channel])) {
+                        $this->channel_buffers[$client_channel] = array();
+                    }
+                    $this->channel_buffers[$client_channel][] = $data;
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EXTENDED_DATA:
+                    if ($skip_extended || $this->quiet_mode) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    /*
+                    if ($client_channel == NET_SSH2_CHANNEL_EXEC) {
+                        $this->_send_channel_packet($client_channel, chr(0));
+                    }
+                    */
+                    // currently, there's only one possible value for $data_type_code: NET_SSH2_EXTENDED_DATA_STDERR
+                    extract(unpack('Ndata_type_code/Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 8)));
+                    $data = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    if ($client_channel == $channel) {
+                        return $data;
+                    }
+                    if (!isset($this->channel_buffers[$client_channel])) {
+                        $this->channel_buffers[$client_channel] = array();
+                    }
+                    $this->channel_buffers[$client_channel][] = $data;
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST:
+                    extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                    $value = $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                    switch ($value) {
+                        case 'exit-signal':
+                            $this->_string_shift($response, 1);
+                            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                            $this->errors[] = 'SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_REQUEST (exit-signal): ' . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                            $this->_string_shift($response, 1);
+                            extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($response, 4)));
+                            if ($length) {
+                                $this->errors[count($this->errors)].= "\r\n" . $this->_string_shift($response, $length);
+                            }
+                        case 'exit-status':
+                            extract(unpack('Cfalse/Nexit_status', $this->_string_shift($response, 5)));
+                            $this->exit_status = $exit_status;
+                            // "The channel needs to be closed with SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE after this message."
+                            // -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-6.10
+                            $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+                            $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$channel]));
+
+                            $this->channel_status[$channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF;
+                        default:
+                            // "Some systems may not implement signals, in which case they SHOULD ignore this message."
+                            //  -- http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-6.9
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE:
+                    $this->curTimeout = 0;
+
+                    if ($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL) {
+                        $this->bitmap&= ~NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL;
+                    }
+                    if ($this->channel_status[$channel] != NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF) {
+                        $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$channel]));
+                    }
+
+                    $this->channel_status[$channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE;
+                    return true;
+                case NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF:
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    user_error('Error reading channel data');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_BY_APPLICATION);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends Binary Packets
+     *
+     * See '6. Binary Packet Protocol' of rfc4253 for more info.
+     *
+     * @param String $data
+     * @see Net_SSH2::_get_binary_packet()
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_binary_packet($data)
+    {
+        if (!is_resource($this->fsock) || feof($this->fsock)) {
+            user_error('Connection closed prematurely');
+            $this->bitmask = 0;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        //if ($this->compress) {
+        //    // the -4 removes the checksum:
+        //    // http://php.net/function.gzcompress#57710
+        //    $data = substr(gzcompress($data), 0, -4);
+        //}
+
+        // 4 (packet length) + 1 (padding length) + 4 (minimal padding amount) == 9
+        $packet_length = strlen($data) + 9;
+        // round up to the nearest $this->encrypt_block_size
+        $packet_length+= (($this->encrypt_block_size - 1) * $packet_length) % $this->encrypt_block_size;
+        // subtracting strlen($data) is obvious - subtracting 5 is necessary because of packet_length and padding_length
+        $padding_length = $packet_length - strlen($data) - 5;
+        $padding = crypt_random_string($padding_length);
+
+        // we subtract 4 from packet_length because the packet_length field isn't supposed to include itself
+        $packet = pack('NCa*', $packet_length - 4, $padding_length, $data . $padding);
+
+        $hmac = $this->hmac_create !== false ? $this->hmac_create->hash(pack('Na*', $this->send_seq_no, $packet)) : '';
+        $this->send_seq_no++;
+
+        if ($this->encrypt !== false) {
+            $packet = $this->encrypt->encrypt($packet);
+        }
+
+        $packet.= $hmac;
+
+        $start = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok(''); // http://php.net/microtime#61838
+        $result = strlen($packet) == fputs($this->fsock, $packet);
+        $stop = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+
+        if (defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            $current = strtok(microtime(), ' ') + strtok('');
+            $message_number = isset($this->message_numbers[ord($data[0])]) ? $this->message_numbers[ord($data[0])] : 'UNKNOWN (' . ord($data[0]) . ')';
+            $message_number = '-> ' . $message_number .
+                              ' (since last: ' . round($current - $this->last_packet, 4) . ', network: ' . round($stop - $start, 4) . 's)';
+            $this->_append_log($message_number, $data);
+            $this->last_packet = $current;
+        }
+
+        return $result;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Logs data packets
+     *
+     * Makes sure that only the last 1MB worth of packets will be logged
+     *
+     * @param String $data
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _append_log($message_number, $message)
+    {
+            switch (NET_SSH2_LOGGING) {
+                // useful for benchmarks
+                case NET_SSH2_LOG_SIMPLE:
+                    $this->message_number_log[] = $message_number;
+                    break;
+                // the most useful log for SSH2
+                case NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX:
+                    $this->message_number_log[] = $message_number;
+                    $this->_string_shift($message);
+                    $this->log_size+= strlen($message);
+                    $this->message_log[] = $message;
+                    while ($this->log_size > NET_SSH2_LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                        $this->log_size-= strlen(array_shift($this->message_log));
+                        array_shift($this->message_number_log);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                // dump the output out realtime; packets may be interspersed with non packets,
+                // passwords won't be filtered out and select other packets may not be correctly
+                // identified
+                case NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME:
+                    echo "<pre>\r\n" . $this->_format_log(array($message), array($message_number)) . "\r\n</pre>\r\n";
+                    @flush();
+                    @ob_flush();
+                    break;
+                // basically the same thing as NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME with the caveat that NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILE
+                // needs to be defined and that the resultant log file will be capped out at NET_SSH2_LOG_MAX_SIZE. 
+                // the earliest part of the log file is denoted by the first <<< START >>> and is not going to necessarily
+                // at the beginning of the file
+                case NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILE:
+                    if (!isset($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                        // PHP doesn't seem to like using constants in fopen()
+                        $filename = NET_SSH2_LOG_REALTIME_FILE;
+                        $fp = fopen($filename, 'w');
+                        $this->realtime_log_file = $fp;
+                    }
+                    if (!is_resource($this->realtime_log_file)) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    $entry = $this->_format_log(array($message), array($message_number));
+                    if ($this->realtime_log_wrap) {
+                        $temp = "<<< START >>>\r\n";
+                        $entry.= $temp;
+                        fseek($this->realtime_log_file, ftell($this->realtime_log_file) - strlen($temp));
+                    }
+                    $this->realtime_log_size+= strlen($entry);
+                    if ($this->realtime_log_size > NET_SSH2_LOG_MAX_SIZE) {
+                        fseek($this->realtime_log_file, 0);
+                        $this->realtime_log_size = strlen($entry);
+                        $this->realtime_log_wrap = true;
+                    }
+                    fputs($this->realtime_log_file, $entry);
+            }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sends channel data
+     *
+     * Spans multiple SSH_MSG_CHANNEL_DATAs if appropriate
+     *
+     * @param Integer $client_channel
+     * @param String $data
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _send_channel_packet($client_channel, $data)
+    {
+        while (strlen($data) > $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]) {
+            // resize the window, if appropriate
+            $this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]-= $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$client_channel];
+            if ($this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel] < 0) {
+                $packet = pack('CNN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST, $this->server_channels[$client_channel], $this->window_size);
+                if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                $this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]+= $this->window_size;
+            }
+
+            $packet = pack('CN2a*',
+                NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA,
+                $this->server_channels[$client_channel],
+                $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$client_channel],
+                $this->_string_shift($data, $this->packet_size_client_to_server[$client_channel])
+            );
+
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // resize the window, if appropriate
+        $this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]-= strlen($data);
+        if ($this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel] < 0) {
+            $packet = pack('CNN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_WINDOW_ADJUST, $this->server_channels[$client_channel], $this->window_size);
+            if (!$this->_send_binary_packet($packet)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            $this->window_size_client_to_server[$client_channel]+= $this->window_size;
+        }
+
+        return $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN2a*',
+            NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_DATA,
+            $this->server_channels[$client_channel],
+            strlen($data),
+            $data));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Closes and flushes a channel
+     *
+     * Net_SSH2 doesn't properly close most channels.  For exec() channels are normally closed by the server
+     * and for SFTP channels are presumably closed when the client disconnects.  This functions is intended
+     * for SCP more than anything.
+     *
+     * @param Integer $client_channel
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _close_channel($client_channel)
+    {
+        // see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4254#section-5.3
+
+        $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_EOF, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+
+        $this->_send_binary_packet(pack('CN', NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE, $this->server_channels[$client_channel]));
+
+        $this->channel_status[$client_channel] = NET_SSH2_MSG_CHANNEL_CLOSE;
+
+        $this->curTimeout = 0;
+
+        while (!is_bool($this->_get_channel_packet($client_channel)));
+
+        if ($this->bitmap & NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL) {
+            $this->bitmap&= ~NET_SSH2_MASK_SHELL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Disconnect
+     *
+     * @param Integer $reason
+     * @return Boolean
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _disconnect($reason)
+    {
+        if ($this->bitmap) {
+            $data = pack('CNNa*Na*', NET_SSH2_MSG_DISCONNECT, $reason, 0, '', 0, '');
+            $this->_send_binary_packet($data);
+            $this->bitmap = 0;
+            fclose($this->fsock);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * String Shift
+     *
+     * Inspired by array_shift
+     *
+     * @param String $string
+     * @param optional Integer $index
+     * @return String
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _string_shift(&$string, $index = 1)
+    {
+        $substr = substr($string, 0, $index);
+        $string = substr($string, $index);
+        return $substr;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Define Array
+     *
+     * Takes any number of arrays whose indices are integers and whose values are strings and defines a bunch of
+     * named constants from it, using the value as the name of the constant and the index as the value of the constant.
+     * If any of the constants that would be defined already exists, none of the constants will be defined.
+     *
+     * @param Array $array
+     * @access private
+     */
+    function _define_array()
+    {
+        $args = func_get_args();
+        foreach ($args as $arg) {
+            foreach ($arg as $key=>$value) {
+                if (!defined($value)) {
+                    define($value, $key);
+                } else {
+                    break 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a log of the packets that have been sent and received.
+     *
+     * Returns a string if NET_SSH2_LOGGING == NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX, an array if NET_SSH2_LOGGING == NET_SSH2_LOG_SIMPLE and false if !defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')
+     *
+     * @access public
+     * @return String or Array
+     */
+    function getLog()
+    {
+        if (!defined('NET_SSH2_LOGGING')) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (NET_SSH2_LOGGING) {
+            case NET_SSH2_LOG_SIMPLE:
+                return $this->message_number_log;
+                break;
+            case NET_SSH2_LOG_COMPLEX:
+                return $this->_format_log($this->message_log, $this->message_number_log);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Formats a log for printing
+     *
+     * @param Array $message_log
+     * @param Array $message_number_log
+     * @access private
+     * @return String
+     */
+    function _format_log($message_log, $message_number_log)
+    {
+        static $boundary = ':', $long_width = 65, $short_width = 16;
+
+        $output = '';
+        for ($i = 0; $i < count($message_log); $i++) {
+            $output.= $message_number_log[$i] . "\r\n";
+            $current_log = $message_log[$i];
+            $j = 0;
+            do {
+                if (strlen($current_log)) {
+                    $output.= str_pad(dechex($j), 7, '0', STR_PAD_LEFT) . '0  ';
+                }
+                $fragment = $this->_string_shift($current_log, $short_width);
+                $hex = substr(
+                           preg_replace(
+                               '#(.)#es',
+                               '"' . $boundary . '" . str_pad(dechex(ord(substr("\\1", -1))), 2, "0", STR_PAD_LEFT)',
+                               $fragment),
+                           strlen($boundary)
+                       );
+                // replace non ASCII printable characters with dots
+                // http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters
+                // also replace < with a . since < messes up the output on web browsers
+                $raw = preg_replace('#[^\x20-\x7E]|<#', '.', $fragment);
+                $output.= str_pad($hex, $long_width - $short_width, ' ') . $raw . "\r\n";
+                $j++;
+            } while (strlen($current_log));
+            $output.= "\r\n";
+        }
+
+        return $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all errors
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getErrors()
+    {
+        return $this->errors;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the last error
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLastError()
+    {
+        return $this->errors[count($this->errors) - 1];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return the server identification.
+     *
+     * @return String
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerIdentification()
+    {
+        return $this->server_identifier;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the key exchange algorithms the server supports.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getKexAlgorithms()
+    {
+        return $this->kex_algorithms;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the host key (public key) algorithms the server supports.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerHostKeyAlgorithms()
+    {
+        return $this->server_host_key_algorithms;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the (symmetric key) encryption algorithms the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getEncryptionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+    {
+        return $this->encryption_algorithms_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the (symmetric key) encryption algorithms the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getEncryptionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+    {
+        return $this->encryption_algorithms_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the MAC algorithms the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getMACAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+    {
+        return $this->mac_algorithms_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the MAC algorithms the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getMACAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+    {
+        return $this->mac_algorithms_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the compression algorithms the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getCompressionAlgorithmsClient2Server()
+    {
+        return $this->compression_algorithms_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the compression algorithms the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getCompressionAlgorithmsServer2Client()
+    {
+        return $this->compression_algorithms_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the languages the server supports, when sending stuff to the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLanguagesServer2Client()
+    {
+        return $this->languages_server_to_client;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return a list of the languages the server supports, when receiving stuff from the client.
+     *
+     * @return Array
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getLanguagesClient2Server()
+    {
+        return $this->languages_client_to_server;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the server public host key.
+     *
+     * Caching this the first time you connect to a server and checking the result on subsequent connections
+     * is recommended.  Returns false if the server signature is not signed correctly with the public host key.
+     *
+     * @return Mixed
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getServerPublicHostKey()
+    {
+        $signature = $this->signature;
+        $server_public_host_key = $this->server_public_host_key;
+
+        extract(unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4)));
+        $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $length);
+
+        if ($this->signature_validated) {
+            return $this->bitmap ?
+                $this->signature_format . ' ' . base64_encode($this->server_public_host_key) :
+                false;
+        }
+
+        $this->signature_validated = true;
+
+        switch ($this->signature_format) {
+            case 'ssh-dss':
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $p = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $q = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $g = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $y = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                /* The value for 'dss_signature_blob' is encoded as a string containing
+                   r, followed by s (which are 160-bit integers, without lengths or
+                   padding, unsigned, and in network byte order). */
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($signature, 4));
+                if ($temp['length'] != 40) {
+                    user_error('Invalid signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+                }
+
+                $r = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($signature, 20), 256);
+                $s = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($signature, 20), 256);
+
+                if ($r->compare($q) >= 0 || $s->compare($q) >= 0) {
+                    user_error('Invalid signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+                }
+
+                $w = $s->modInverse($q);
+
+                $u1 = $w->multiply(new Math_BigInteger(sha1($this->exchange_hash), 16));
+                list(, $u1) = $u1->divide($q);
+
+                $u2 = $w->multiply($r);
+                list(, $u2) = $u2->divide($q);
+
+                $g = $g->modPow($u1, $p);
+                $y = $y->modPow($u2, $p);
+
+                $v = $g->multiply($y);
+                list(, $v) = $v->divide($p);
+                list(, $v) = $v->divide($q);
+
+                if (!$v->equals($r)) {
+                    user_error('Bad server signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                }
+
+                break;
+            case 'ssh-rsa':
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $e = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, 4));
+                $n = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($server_public_host_key, $temp['length']), -256);
+                $nLength = $temp['length'];
+
+                /*
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($signature, 4));
+                $signature = $this->_string_shift($signature, $temp['length']);
+
+                if (!class_exists('Crypt_RSA')) {
+                    require_once('Crypt/RSA.php');
+                }
+
+                $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
+                $rsa->setSignatureMode(CRYPT_RSA_SIGNATURE_PKCS1);
+                $rsa->loadKey(array('e' => $e, 'n' => $n), CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_RAW);
+                if (!$rsa->verify($this->exchange_hash, $signature)) {
+                    user_error('Bad server signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                }
+                */
+
+                $temp = unpack('Nlength', $this->_string_shift($signature, 4));
+                $s = new Math_BigInteger($this->_string_shift($signature, $temp['length']), 256);
+
+                // validate an RSA signature per "8.2 RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5", "5.2.2 RSAVP1", and "9.1 EMSA-PSS" in the
+                // following URL:
+                // ftp://ftp.rsasecurity.com/pub/pkcs/pkcs-1/pkcs-1v2-1.pdf
+
+                // also, see SSHRSA.c (rsa2_verifysig) in PuTTy's source.
+
+                if ($s->compare(new Math_BigInteger()) < 0 || $s->compare($n->subtract(new Math_BigInteger(1))) > 0) {
+                    user_error('Invalid signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_KEY_EXCHANGE_FAILED);
+                }
+
+                $s = $s->modPow($e, $n);
+                $s = $s->toBytes();
+
+                $h = pack('N4H*', 0x00302130, 0x0906052B, 0x0E03021A, 0x05000414, sha1($this->exchange_hash));
+                $h = chr(0x01) . str_repeat(chr(0xFF), $nLength - 3 - strlen($h)) . $h;
+
+                if ($s != $h) {
+                    user_error('Bad server signature');
+                    return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                user_error('Unsupported signature format');
+                return $this->_disconnect(NET_SSH2_DISCONNECT_HOST_KEY_NOT_VERIFIABLE);
+        }
+
+        return $this->signature_format . ' ' . base64_encode($this->server_public_host_key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the exit status of an SSH command or false.
+     *
+     * @return Integer or false
+     * @access public
+     */
+    function getExitStatus()
+    {
+        if (is_null($this->exit_status)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return $this->exit_status;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6baa566102c71629a2cb669f6d96d414e6f0e37d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib/openssl.cnf
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# minimalist openssl.cnf file for use with phpseclib
+
+HOME			= .
+RANDFILE		= $ENV::HOME/.rnd
+
+[ v3_ca ]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpunit.xml.dist b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpunit.xml.dist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f579ab4fd27b31b74aa0e001d0542d3e1d781b14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpunit.xml.dist
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<phpunit bootstrap="tests/bootstrap.php"
+         colors="true"
+>
+    <testsuites>
+        <testsuite name="phpseclib Test Suite">
+            <directory>./tests/</directory>
+        </testsuite>
+    </testsuites>
+
+    <!-- Code Coverage -->
+    <filter>
+        <whitelist>
+            <directory>./phpseclib/</directory>
+        </whitelist>
+    </filter>
+</phpunit>
diff --git a/apps/files_external/appinfo/app.php b/apps/files_external/appinfo/app.php
index c58cfcd0f5e65927e3b5c4f919f5a4a6f993d199..d976c0175232bfe3364f84cca636a40a708765d1 100644
--- a/apps/files_external/appinfo/app.php
+++ b/apps/files_external/appinfo/app.php
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ OC::$CLASSPATH['OC\Files\Storage\SWIFT']='apps/files_external/lib/swift.php';
 OC::$CLASSPATH['OC\Files\Storage\SMB']='apps/files_external/lib/smb.php';
 OC::$CLASSPATH['OC\Files\Storage\AmazonS3']='apps/files_external/lib/amazons3.php';
 OC::$CLASSPATH['OC\Files\Storage\Dropbox']='apps/files_external/lib/dropbox.php';
+OC::$CLASSPATH['OC\Files\Storage\SFTP']='apps/files_external/lib/sftp.php';
 OC::$CLASSPATH['OC_Mount_Config']='apps/files_external/lib/config.php';
 
 OCP\App::registerAdmin('files_external', 'settings');
diff --git a/apps/files_external/lib/config.php b/apps/files_external/lib/config.php
index 6b0df21461baee69a745f68940475dd0c1d41f65..47f0810ec545e49330f53f90639cf7e04f760b89 100755
--- a/apps/files_external/lib/config.php
+++ b/apps/files_external/lib/config.php
@@ -104,6 +104,14 @@ class OC_Mount_Config {
 				'password' => '*Password',
 				'root' => '&Root',
 				'secure' => '!Secure https://'));
+				
+		$backends['OC_Filestorage_SFTP']=array(
+			'backend' => 'SFTP',
+			'configuration' => array(
+				'host' => 'URL',
+				'user' => 'Username', 
+				'password' => '*Password', 
+				'root' => '&Root'));
 
 		return($backends);
 	}
@@ -386,7 +394,7 @@ class OC_Mount_Config {
 	}
 
 	/**
-	 * check if php-ftp is installed
+	 * check if php-ftp is installed 
 	 */
 	public static function checkphpftp() {
 		if(function_exists('ftp_login')) {
diff --git a/apps/files_external/lib/sftp.php b/apps/files_external/lib/sftp.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..551a5a64ef2f6e32347c32f28d59f54683ce9523
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/lib/sftp.php
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+<?php
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Henrik Kjölhede <hkjolhede@gmail.com>
+ * This file is licensed under the Affero General Public License version 3 or
+ * later.
+ * See the COPYING-README file.
+ */
+namespace OC\Files\Storage;
+
+set_include_path(get_include_path() . PATH_SEPARATOR . \OC_App::getAppPath('files_external') . '/3rdparty/phpseclib/phpseclib');
+require('Net/SFTP.php');
+
+class SFTP extends \OC\Files\Storage\Common {
+	private $host;
+	private $user;
+	private $password;
+	private $root;
+
+	private $client;
+
+	private static $tempFiles = array();
+
+	public function __construct($params) {
+		$this->host = $params['host'];
+		$proto = strpos($this->host, '://');
+		if ($proto != false) {
+			$this->host = substr($this->host, $proto+3);
+		}
+		$this->user = $params['user'];
+		$this->password = $params['password'];
+		$this->root = isset($params['root']) ? $this->cleanPath($params['root']) : '/';
+		if ($this->root[0] != '/') $this->root = '/' . $this->root;
+		if (substr($this->root, -1, 1) != '/') $this->root .= '/';
+		
+		$host_keys = $this->read_host_keys();
+
+		$this->client = new \Net_SFTP($this->host);
+		if (!$this->client->login($this->user, $this->password)) {
+			throw new \Exception('Login failed');
+		}
+
+		$current_host_key = $this->client->getServerPublicHostKey();
+
+		if (array_key_exists($this->host, $host_keys)) {
+			if ($host_keys[$this->host] != $current_host_key) {
+				throw new \Exception('Host public key does not match known key');
+			}
+		} else {
+			$host_keys[$this->host] = $current_host_key;
+			$this->write_host_keys($host_keys);
+		}
+		
+		if(!$this->file_exists('')){
+			$this->mkdir('');
+		}
+	}
+	
+	public function test() {
+		if (!isset($params['host']) || !isset($params['user']) || !isset($params['password'])) {
+			throw new \Exception("Required parameters not set");
+		}	
+	}
+	
+	public function getId(){
+		return 'sftp::' . $this->user . '@' . $this->host . '/' . $this->root;
+	}
+
+	private function abs_path($path) {
+		return $this->root . $this->cleanPath($path);
+	}
+
+	private function host_keys_path() {
+		try {
+			$storage_view = \OCP\Files::getStorage('files_external');
+			if ($storage_view) {
+				return \OCP\Config::getSystemValue('datadirectory') .
+					$storage_view->getAbsolutePath('') .
+					'ssh_host_keys';
+			}
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	private function write_host_keys($keys) {
+		try {
+			$key_path = $this->host_keys_path();
+			$fp = fopen($key_path, 'w');
+			foreach ($keys as $host => $key) {
+				fwrite($fp, $host . '::' . $key . "\n");
+			}
+			fclose($fp);
+			return true;
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	private function read_host_keys() {
+		try {
+			$key_path = $this->host_keys_path();
+			if (file_exists($key_path)) {
+				$hosts = array();
+				$keys = array();
+				$lines = file($key_path, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
+				if ($lines) {
+					foreach ($lines as $line) {
+						$host_key_arr = explode("::", $line, 2);
+						if (count($host_key_arr) == 2) {
+							$hosts[] = $host_key_arr[0];
+							$keys[] = $host_key_arr[1]; 
+						}
+					}
+					return array_combine($hosts, $keys);
+				}
+			}
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+		}
+		return array();
+	}
+
+	public function mkdir($path) {
+		try {
+			return $this->client->mkdir($this->abs_path($path));
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function rmdir($path) {
+		try {
+			return $this->client->delete($this->abs_path($path), true);
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function opendir($path) {
+		try {
+			$list = $this->client->nlist($this->abs_path($path));
+
+			$id = md5('sftp:' . $path);
+			$dir_stream = array();
+			foreach($list as $file) {
+				if ($file != '.' && $file != '..') {
+					$dir_stream[] = $file;
+				}
+			}
+			\OC\Files\Stream\Dir::register($id, $dir_stream);
+			return opendir('fakedir://' . $id);
+		} catch(\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function filetype($path) {
+		try {
+			$stat = $this->client->stat($this->abs_path($path));
+			if ($stat['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_REGULAR) return 'file';
+			if ($stat['type'] == NET_SFTP_TYPE_DIRECTORY) return 'dir';
+		} catch (\Exeption $e) {
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public function isReadable($path) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public function isUpdatable($path) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public function file_exists($path) {
+		try {
+			return $this->client->stat($this->abs_path($path)) === false ? false : true;
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function unlink($path) {
+		try {
+			return $this->client->delete($this->abs_path($path), true);
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function fopen($path, $mode) {
+		try {
+			$abs_path = $this->abs_path($path);
+			switch($mode) {
+				case 'r':
+				case 'rb':
+					if ( !$this->file_exists($path)) return false;
+					if (strrpos($path, '.')!==false) {
+						$ext=substr($path, strrpos($path, '.'));
+					} else {
+						$ext='';
+					}
+					$tmp = \OC_Helper::tmpFile($ext);
+					$this->getFile($abs_path, $tmp);
+					return fopen($tmp, $mode);
+		
+				case 'w':
+				case 'wb':
+				case 'a':
+				case 'ab':
+				case 'r+':
+				case 'w+':
+				case 'wb+':
+				case 'a+':
+				case 'x':
+				case 'x+':
+				case 'c':
+				case 'c+':
+					if (strrpos($path, '.')!==false) {
+						$ext=substr($path, strrpos($path, '.'));
+					} else {
+						$ext='';
+					}
+					$tmpFile=\OC_Helper::tmpFile($ext);
+					\OC\Files\Stream\Close::registerCallback($tmpFile, array($this, 'writeBack'));
+					if ($this->file_exists($path)) {
+						$this->getFile($abs_path, $tmpFile);
+					}
+					self::$tempFiles[$tmpFile]=$abs_path;
+					return fopen('close://'.$tmpFile, $mode);
+			}
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	public function writeBack($tmpFile) {
+		if (array_key_exists($tmpFile, self::$tempFiles)) {
+			$this->uploadFile($tmpFile, self::$tempFiles[$tmpFile]);
+			unlink($tmpFile);
+			unset(self::$tempFiles[$tmpFile]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function free_space($path) {
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	public function touch($path, $mtime=null) {
+		try {
+			if (!is_null($mtime)) return false;
+			if (!$this->file_exists($path)) {
+				$this->client->put($this->abs_path($path), '');
+			} else {
+				return false;
+			}
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	public function getFile($path, $target) {
+		$this->client->get($path, $target);
+	}
+
+	public function uploadFile($path, $target) {
+		$this->client->put($target, $path, NET_SFTP_LOCAL_FILE);
+	}
+
+	public function rename($source, $target) {
+		try {
+			return $this->client->rename($this->abs_path($source), $this->abs_path($target));
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	public function stat($path) {
+		try {
+			$stat = $this->client->stat($this->abs_path($path));
+
+			$mtime = $stat ? $stat['mtime'] : -1;
+			$size = $stat ? $stat['size'] : 0;
+
+			return array('mtime' => $mtime, 'size' => $size, 'ctime' => -1);
+		} catch (\Exception $e) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+	}
+}
diff --git a/apps/files_external/tests/config.php b/apps/files_external/tests/config.php
index ff16b1c1d8a40bde6d3afa0f43ff45c90f3d2ab8..1d4f30c713dd00e098172da16be1a81453f0754f 100644
--- a/apps/files_external/tests/config.php
+++ b/apps/files_external/tests/config.php
@@ -51,5 +51,12 @@ return array(
 		'app_secret' => '',
 		'token' => '',
 		'token_secret' => ''
+	),
+	'sftp' => array (
+		'run'=>false,
+		'host'=>'localhost',
+		'user'=>'test',
+		'password'=>'test',
+		'root'=>'/test'
 	)
 );
diff --git a/apps/files_external/tests/sftp.php b/apps/files_external/tests/sftp.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16964e208781c34b4d8ecce4d90230496b51c2fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/files_external/tests/sftp.php
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+<?php
+
+/**
+ * ownCloud
+ *
+ * @author Henrik Kjölhede
+ * @copyright 2013 Henrik Kjölhede hkjolhede@gmail.com
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 3 of the License, or any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public
+ * License along with this library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+namespace Test\Files\Storage;
+
+class SFTP extends Storage {
+	private $config;
+
+	public function setUp() {
+		$id = uniqid();
+		$this->config = include('files_external/tests/config.php');
+		if ( ! is_array($this->config) or ! isset($this->config['sftp']) or ! $this->config['sftp']['run']) {
+			$this->markTestSkipped('SFTP backend not configured');
+		}
+		$this->config['sftp']['root'] .= '/' . $id; //make sure we have an new empty folder to work in
+		$this->instance = new \OC\Files\Storage\SFTP($this->config['sftp']);
+	}
+
+	public function tearDown() {
+		if ($this->instance) {
+			$this->instance->rmdir('/');
+		}
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/lib/files/storage/common.php b/lib/files/storage/common.php
index 591803f0440988895b1aed1daf1e1475396d70bd..ce9e7ead6d153251763cb76856034df28abec375 100644
--- a/lib/files/storage/common.php
+++ b/lib/files/storage/common.php
@@ -277,4 +277,27 @@ abstract class Common implements \OC\Files\Storage\Storage {
 			return uniqid();
 		}
 	}
+	
+	/**
+	 * clean a path, i.e. remove all redundant '.' and '..'
+	 * making sure that it can't point to higher than '/'
+	 * @param $path The path to clean
+	 * @return string cleaned path
+	 */
+	public function cleanPath($path) {
+		if (strlen($path) == 0 or $path[0] != '/') {
+			$path = '/' . $path;
+		}
+		
+		$output = array();
+		foreach (explode('/', $path) as $chunk) {
+			if ($chunk == '..') {
+				array_pop($output);
+			} else if ($chunk == '.') {
+			} else {
+				$output[] = $chunk;
+			}
+		}
+		return implode('/', $output);
+	}
 }