06/.idea/vcs.xml

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<project version="4">
+  <component name="VcsDirectoryMappings">
+    <mapping directory="$PROJECT_DIR$/.." vcs="Git" />
+  </component>
+</project>
\ No newline at end of file

06/LICENSE

+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 HS Rosenheim :: Informatik :: Programmieren 3
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
\ No newline at end of file

06/README.md

+_This is an assignment to the [Software Architecture](https://ohm-softa.github.io) class at the [Technische Hochschule Nürnberg](http://www.th-nuernberg.de)._
+
+
+# Assignment 6: Annotations and Reflection
+[![Travis CI](https://travis-ci.org/hsro-inf-prg3/06-annotations-reflection.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/hsro-inf-prg3/06-annotations-reflection)
+
+In this assignment we will use Java annotations and reflection to interact with a remote REST ([Representational State Transfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer)) API.
+As everyone (or maybe just me) loves Chuck Norris jokes we will implement a simple program to get random Chuck Norris jokes from the [CNJDB](https://api.chucknorris.io/) (**C**huck **N**orris **J**okes **D**ata**b**ase).
+
+## Setup
+
+1. Create a fork of this repository (button in the right upper corner)
+2. Clone the project (get the link by clicking the green _Clone or download button_)
+3. Import the project to your IDE (remember the guide in [assignment 1](https://github.com/hsro-inf-prg3/01-tools))
+4. Validate your environment by running the tests from your IntelliJ and by running `gradle test` on the command line.
+
+
+## Gradle and Dependency Management
+
+When we started to use Gradle we already talked about dependency management.
+In this assignment we will use Gradle to manage the required libraries.
+
+To complete this assignment you will need the following libraries:
+
+* [Retrofit](http://square.github.io/retrofit/) by Square
+* [Gson](https://github.com/google/gson) by Google
+
+With Gradle, project dependencies (both at compile and runtime) are specified in the `build.gradle` file, in the `dependencies` section.
+Open the existing [build.gradle](./build.gradle) file and inspect the `dependencies` object (Gradle uses [Groovy](http://groovy-lang.org/), a language similar to Java and Javascript).
+Every dependency has a scope where it will be available.
+To use a library across the whole project, declare it with the scope `implementation`.
+
+Gradle is designed to help you in all development phases and is extensible by plugins.
+In the given `build.gradle` are three plugins already applied:
+
+* `java`: brings Java support to Gradle e.g. compilation)
+* `application`: enable you to run and package the application you will develop in this assignment
+* `idea`: helps with IntelliJ import
+
+To run the `main` method in the `App` class without IntelliJ you can now use the following Gradle command on the command line:
+
+```bash
+gradle run
+```
+
+
+## Overview
+
+The hard part of this assigment is you need to combine three parts to form the whole program:
+
+- Gson for serialization
+- Retrofit for HTTP requests
+- A Gson type adapter to handle the status of the request response
+
+It is strongly advised to read through the whole assignment and related documentations first; having the complete picture before starting with the parts helps a lot!
+
+
+## Gson
+
+Google Gson is a library to serialize and deserialize [JSON](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON) to or from Java objects.
+
+
+### Model
+
+The following code snippet shows the structure of a simple JSON object:
+
+```json
+{
+    "id": "id-13434",
+    "value": "Ghosts are actually caused by Chuck Norris killing people faster than Death can process them.",
+    "categories": []
+}
+```
+
+The most basic use case is to de/serialize objects; by defaut, Gson uses reflection to determine the properties.
+
+```java
+class Joke {
+  String id;
+  String value;
+  String[] categories;
+}
+```
+
+```java
+Gson gson = new Gson();
+
+// JSON String --> Object
+Joke j = gson.fromJson("{\"id\": 0, \"value\": \"Haha.\"}", Joke.class);
+// categories remains `null`
+
+// Objec --> JSON String
+String json = gson.toJson(j);
+```
+
+Gson makes use of annotations to map JSON keys to fields of your class.
+Have a look at the [docs](https://github.com/google/gson/blob/master/UserGuide.md) and complete the model described in the following UML:
+
+![Model spec](./assets/images/ModelSpec.svg)
+
+> Hint: the given JSON object describes the exact structure of the JSON objects we want to deserialize.
+> Use anntations to help gson map JSON fields to differently named Java field names.
+
+- Import Gson to your project
+- Familiarize yourself with Gson by trying a few examples
+- Get familiar with the `@SerializedName` annotation
+
+## Retrofit and Gson
+
+As you could see from the examples above, the actual response body of the CNJDB API looks like the following:
+
+```json
+{
+	"categories": ["nerdy"],
+	"id": "irKXY3NtTXGe6W529sVlOg",
+	"value": "Chuck Norris can delete the Recycling Bin."
+}
+```
+
+The actual joke (`Joke`) is wrapped inside a response object which indicates if the request was successfull.
+To be able to unwrap the jokes correctly (or throw an exception if there is no joke) you need to implement a Gson type adapter as shown in the following UML.
+
+![Gson type adapter](./assets/images/GsonSpec.svg)
+
+In a nutshell, a (Gson) type adapter is responsible to convert Java objects to JSON notation and vice versa.
+Key to this transformation is in the implementation of the following two methods:
+
+```java
+public abstract class TypeAdapter<T> {
+	public abstract T read(final JsonReader reader);
+ 	public abstract void write(final JsonWriter writer, final T inst);
+
+	// ...
+}
+```
+
+- Write a type adapter that accepts the response objects from CNJDB and outputs an instance of `Joke`.
+- Register the type adapter with your Retrofit instance
+Note that you can use annotations on the `Joke` class, but you will have to write custom code to unwrap the joke from the response object.
+For this, you have two options:
+
+* Implement a wrapper class, add appropriate fields, and return the `Joke` once unwrapped.
+* Unwrap the response object manually, by using the `reader`'s `.beginObject()`, `.endObject()` and `.next*()` methods to determine the number of jokes.
+
+> Note: There is no need to implement the `write` method, since we're only consuming the API, but not sending to it.
+
+Check out this extensive [tutorial on Gson type adapters](https://github.com/albertattard/gson-typeadapter-example/).
+
+
+## Retrofit
+
+Retrofit is a great library to implement HTTP clients.
+To create an HTTP client, create an interface containing some methods you will call later to perform HTTP requests.
+Retrofit also uses annotations to conveniently map these methods to API resource paths, e.g. `getJokesBySearch("horse")` can be mapped to `GET https://api.chucknorris.io/jokes/search?query=horse`.
+
+Read through the [Retrofit documentation](http://square.github.io/retrofit/) and implement the `CNJDBApi` interface as shown in the following UML:
+
+![Retrofic spec](./assets/images/RetrofitAdapter.svg)
+
+- Start by implementing the method `getRandomJoke()`; use the appropriate annotations to decodate the interface method.
+- Modify the `main` method in the `App` class to create an instance of the `CNJDBApi` using `Retrofit.Builder`. You need to add a converter factory that helps converting the JSON response to an object; you can set Gson using `GsonConverterFactory.create()`.
+- Print a random joke to `System.out`, and complete the test method `testCollision`. Recall that you work with `Call` objects that need to be executed before you can retrieve the response body.
+- After completing the `getRandomJoke()` method try to add the other methods.
+- If you are not sure if your query strings are correct you can test them within the command line using `curl` or in a browser extension such as [Postman](https://www.getpostman.com/).
+
+Most unix systems will provide the cURL program:
+
+```bash
+curl -X GET "https://api.chucknorris.io/jokes/random" -H "accept: application/json"
+```
+
+On Windows, you can use the PowerShell to accomplish the same like so:
+
+```ps
+(Invoke-WebRequest
+    -Uri https://api.chucknorris.io/jokes/random
+    -Headers @{"accept"="application/json"}
+    ).Content | ConvertFrom-Json | ConvertTo-Json
+```
+
+(The part `| ConvertFrom-Json | ConvertTo-Json` is only necessary for formatting.)
+
+_Remark: to execute this command you have to remove the newlines!_

06/assets/images/GsonSpec.svg

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+@startuml GsonSpec
+
+package com.google.gson {
+    +abstract class TypeAdapter<T> {
+    }
+}
+
+
+package de.thro.inf.prg3.a06 {
+    +class JokeAdapter extends TypeAdapter {
+    }
+}
+
+@enduml
+
+PlantUML version 1.2018.12(Sun Oct 21 12:15:15 CEST 2018)
+(GPL source distribution)
+Java Runtime: OpenJDK Runtime Environment
+JVM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM
+Java Version: 1.8.0_192-b26
+Operating System: Linux
+OS Version: 4.18.16-arch1-1-ARCH
+Default Encoding: UTF-8
+Language: en
+Country: US
+--></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file

06/assets/images/ModelSpec.svg

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\ No newline at end of file

06/assets/images/RetrofitAdapter.svg

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="no"?><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" contentStyleType="text/css" height="177px" preserveAspectRatio="none" style="width:648px;height:177px;background:#FFFFFF;" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 648 177" width="648px" zoomAndPan="magnify"><defs/><g><!--cluster P1--><g id="cluster_P1"><path d="M9.5,6 L127.5,6 A5.25,5.25 0 0 1 131,9.5 L138,28.2969 L637.5,28.2969 A3.5,3.5 0 0 1 641,31.7969 L641,166.5 A3.5,3.5 0 0 1 637.5,170 L9.5,170 A3.5,3.5 0 0 1 6,166.5 L6,9.5 A3.5,3.5 0 0 1 9.5,6 " fill="none" style="stroke:#696969;stroke-width:1.0;"/><line style="stroke:#696969;stroke-width:1.0;" x1="6" x2="138" y1="28.2969" y2="28.2969"/><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" font-weight="bold" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="119" x="10" y="20.9951">ohm.softa.a06</text></g><!--class CNJDBApi--><g id="elem_CNJDBApi"><rect codeLine="4" fill="#F1F1F1" height="113.1875" id="CNJDBApi" 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y="130.5889">getJokesBySearch(query: String): Call&lt;Joke[]&gt;</text><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" lengthAdjust="spacing" textLength="220" x="267" y="146.8857">getJoke(id: String): Call&lt;Joke&gt;</text></g><!--class App--><g id="elem_App"><rect codeLine="11" fill="#F1F1F1" height="64.2969" id="App" rx="3.5" ry="3.5" style="stroke:#181818;stroke-width:0.5;" width="203" x="22.5" y="65.5"/><ellipse cx="99.25" cy="81.5" fill="#ADD1B2" rx="11" ry="11" style="stroke:#181818;stroke-width:1.0;"/><path d="M101.5938,77.1719 C100.6563,76.7344 100.0625,76.5938 99.1875,76.5938 C96.5625,76.5938 94.5625,78.6719 94.5625,81.3906 L94.5625,82.5156 C94.5625,85.0938 96.6719,86.9844 99.5625,86.9844 C100.7813,86.9844 101.9375,86.6875 102.6875,86.1406 C103.2656,85.7344 103.5938,85.2813 103.5938,84.8906 C103.5938,84.4375 103.2031,84.0469 102.7344,84.0469 C102.5156,84.0469 102.3125,84.125 102.125,84.3125 C101.6719,84.7969 101.6719,84.7969 101.4844,84.8906 C101.0625,85.1563 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style="stroke:#181818;stroke-width:0.5;" x1="23.5" x2="224.5" y1="105.5" y2="105.5"/><ellipse cx="33.5" cy="119.1484" fill="#84BE84" rx="3" ry="3" style="stroke:#038048;stroke-width:1.0;"/><text fill="#000000" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="14" lengthAdjust="spacing" text-decoration="underline" textLength="177" x="42.5" y="122.4951">main(args: String[]): void</text></g><!--SRC=[TOyn2y9038Nt_eguLGJHnQ68e7Ng8697wH2lyHhQtjMxA1JfVrUnWgA-BSdxmdi3AQWckF31eP6WGLMY9h15FVRsA3Z6oGpGmtOAro20kqPiXDmH5K6yITQhPSFt4_JI93iqkQqJMr8uZ236gfe_XiKVZq8XRHsJZo0LnqRlix_SO-5NRKheL16UpkJQ5_NExBClAkJyb_Ffw_fggaBlOTaqRur6Loyeh3geaKs8Jdy6lLZE-oVT3G00]--></g></svg>
\ No newline at end of file

06/assets/uml/gson-spec.plantuml

+@startuml GsonSpec
+
+package com.google.gson {
+    +abstract class TypeAdapter<T> {
+    }
+}
+
+
+package de.thro.inf.prg3.a06 {
+    +class JokeAdapter extends TypeAdapter {
+    }
+}
+
+@enduml
\ No newline at end of file

06/assets/uml/model-spec.plantuml

+@startuml
+!theme vibrant
+package de.thro.inf.prg3.a06.model as P1 {
+    +class Joke {
+
+        -identifier: String
+        -content: String
+        -rubrics: String[]
+
+        +getIdentifier(): String
+        +setIdentifier(identifier: String): void
+        +getContent(): String
+        +setContent(content: String): void
+        +getRubrics(): String[]
+        +setRubrics(rubrics: String[]): void
+    }
+}
+@enduml

06/assets/uml/retrofit-spec.plantuml

+@startuml
+!theme vibrant
+package ohm.softa.a06 as P1 {
+
+    +interface CNJDBApi {
+        getRandomJoke(): Call<Joke>
+        getRandomJoke(categories: String[]): Call<Joke>
+        getJokesBySearch(query: String): Call<Joke[]>
+        getJoke(id: String): Call<Joke>
+    }
+
+    +class App {
+        +{static} main(args: String[]): void
+    }
+}
+@enduml

06/build.gradle

+plugins {
+    id 'java'
+    id 'application'
+    id 'idea'
+}
+
+group 'ohm.softa'
+version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
+
+sourceCompatibility = 11
+
+mainClassName = "ohm.softa.a06.App"
+
+repositories {
+    mavenCentral()
+}
+
+dependencies {
+    implementation("org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:$apacheCommonsLangVersion")
+    implementation("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-api:${log4j2Version}")
+    implementation("org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core:${log4j2Version}")
+
+    testImplementation("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:${junitVersion}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:${junitVersion}")
+    testRuntimeOnly("org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-params:${junitVersion}")
+}
+
+test {
+    useJUnitPlatform()
+    testLogging {
+        events "passed", "skipped", "failed"
+    }
+}

06/build/resources/main/log4j2.xml

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<Configuration status="WARN">
+    <Appenders>
+        <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
+            <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
+        </Console>
+    </Appenders>
+    <Loggers>
+        <Root level="all">
+            <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
+        </Root>
+    </Loggers>
+</Configuration>
\ No newline at end of file

06/build/tmp/compileJava/source-classes-mapping.txt

+ohm/softa/a06/model/Joke.java
+ ohm.softa.a06.model.Joke
+ohm/softa/a06/CNJDBApi.java
+ ohm.softa.a06.CNJDBApi
+ohm/softa/a06/App.java
+ ohm.softa.a06.App
+ ohm.softa.a06.App$Test

06/build/tmp/compileTestJava/source-classes-mapping.txt

+ohm/softa/a06/tests/CNJDBTests.java
+ ohm.softa.a06.tests.CNJDBTests

06/gradle.properties

+junitVersion=5.7.1
+log4j2Version=2.14.1
+apacheCommonsLangVersion=3.12.0
+squareRetrofitVersion=2.9.0